AVALIAÇÃO DA COBERTURA VACINAL NO BRASIL ANTES E DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.51161/rems/2458 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

João Arthur da Silva ◽

Amanda Tabosa Pereira da Silva ◽

Jeovanna Cordeiro de Sousa Brito ◽

Letícia Beatriz de Lima ◽

Maria Clara Monteiro de Macedo

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Corona Virus

Introdução: O Programa Nacional de Imunização – PNI tem como objetivo reduzir os riscos de doenças prevalentes na infância. Com a situação atual de calamidade pública decretado pela pandemia da doença corona vírus 2019 (covid-19), as medidas de distanciamento social afetaram os atendimentos de vacinação de rotina e campanhas vacinais. Objetivo: Avaliação do impacto da pandemia do covid-19 na cobertura vacinal em crianças. Material e métodos: Realizou-se uma pesquisa nos sistemas de informações de imunizações e uma pesquisa bibliográfica descritiva, utilizando as bases de dados da Scielo e PubMed com os descritores: COVID-19, vaccination coverage e child health. Resultados: Segundo o PNI as coberturas vacinais no Brasil estão baixas e heterogêneas desde 2019 e os dados agravaram em 2020. Na XXII Jornada Nacional de Imunização foi apresentado que nenhuma das vacinas obtiveram a meta mínima da cobertura vacinal, de 90% ou 95% dependendo do imunobiológico, de 2019 a 2020. Os motivos da baixa cobertura vacinal estão relacionados à diminuição do acesso da população aos serviços de saúde, taxa de abandono, como também barreiras socioculturais contrárias à vacinação. Durante a pandemia, para redução da transmissibilidade da doença, houve a redução dos atendimentos presenciais, comprometendo o deslocamento da família para a vacinação, o que diminuiu a cobertura vacinal nas crianças, principalmente nas menores de 1 ano. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a pandemia trouxe desafios e prejuízos em todas as esferas do cuidado à saúde, como também na vacinação. É importante relembrar e ressaltar que a imunização é a melhor forma de prevenir doenças na infância e precisa ser realizada, evitando riscos à saúde coletiva e o retorno de doenças já controladas.

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Immunisation with BCG in the Maringue District, Sofala Province, Mozambique

Tuberculosis Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2013/312065 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dario Consonni ◽

Marina Margarida Montenegro Agorostos Karagianis ◽

Giuseppe Bufardeci

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Information Sources ◽

Maternal Child Health ◽

Health Unit ◽

Immunisation Coverage ◽

Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽

Information Recording ◽

Home Deliveries ◽

Individual Information

Objectives. We evaluated immunisation with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) among newborns in 2011 in the Maringue District, Sofala Province, Mozambique, which includes seven health units. The study was motivated by the fact that in official reports, immunisation coverage was unreliable (more than 100%).Methods. The office of maternal-child health of the central Maringué-Sede health unit provided the number of live newborns in 2011 at the maternal clinics of the seven health units and an estimate of the number of home deliveries. From vaccination registers, we abstracted records of BCG vaccinations administered in the period 01/01/2011–30/06/2012 to children born in 2011.Results. The number of live newborns was 3,353. Overall, the number of BCG vaccinations administered was 2,893, with a coverage of 86.3%.Conclusion. In this study, we could only calculate an approximate coverage estimate, because of unavailability of adequate individual information. Recording practices should be changed in order to allow use of individual information and linkage across different information sources and thus a more precise vaccination coverage assessment.

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Implications of armed conflict for maternal and child health: A regression analysis of data from 181 countries for 2000–2019

PLoS Medicine ◽

10.1371/journal.pmed.1003810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. e1003810

Author(s):

Mohammed Jawad ◽

Thomas Hone ◽

Eszter P. Vamos ◽

Valeria Cetorelli ◽

Christopher Millett

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Maternal And Child Health ◽

Armed Conflict ◽

Skilled Birth Attendant ◽

Live Births ◽

Measles Vaccination ◽

And Child Health ◽

Excess Deaths ◽

Measles Vaccination Coverage

Background Armed conflicts have major indirect health impacts in addition to the direct harms from violence. They create enduring political instability, destabilise health systems, and foster negative socioeconomic and environmental conditions—all of which constrain efforts to reduce maternal and child mortality. The detrimental impacts of conflict on global maternal and child health are not robustly quantified. This study assesses the association between conflict and maternal and child health globally. Methods and findings Data for 181 countries (2000–2019) from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program and World Bank were analysed using panel regression models. Primary outcomes were maternal, under-5, infant, and neonatal mortality rates. Secondary outcomes were delivery by a skilled birth attendant and diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) and measles vaccination coverage. Models were adjusted for 10 confounders, country and year fixed effects, and conflict lagged by 1 year. Further lagged associations up to 10 years post-conflict were tested. The number of excess deaths due to conflict was estimated. Out of 3,718 country–year observations, 522 (14.0%) had minor conflicts and 148 (4.0%) had wars. In adjusted models, conflicts classified as wars were associated with an increase in maternal mortality of 36.9 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births (95% CI 1.9–72.0; 0.3 million excess deaths [95% CI 0.2 million–0.4 million] over the study period), an increase in infant mortality of 2.8 per 1,000 live births (95% CI 0.1–5.5; 2.0 million excess deaths [95% CI 1.6 million–2.5 million]), a decrease in DPT vaccination coverage of 4.9% (95% CI 1.5%–8.3%), and a decrease in measles vaccination coverage of 7.3% (95% CI 2.7%–11.8%). The long-term impacts of war were demonstrated by associated increases in maternal mortality observed for up to 7 years, in under-5 mortality for 3–5 years, in infant mortality for up to 8 years, in DPT vaccination coverage for up to 3 years, and in measles vaccination coverage for up to 2 years. No evidence of association between armed conflict and neonatal mortality or delivery by a skilled birth attendant was found. Study limitations include the ecological study design, which may mask sub-national variation in conflict intensity, and the quality of the underlying data. Conclusions Our analysis indicates that armed conflict is associated with substantial and persistent excess maternal and child deaths globally, and with reductions in key measures that indicate reduced availability of organised healthcare. These findings highlight the importance of protecting women and children from the indirect harms of conflict, including those relating to health system deterioration and worsening socioeconomic conditions.

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Preventive health service coverage among infants and children at six maternal-child health clinics in western Kenya: A cross-sectional assessment

10.21203/rs.2.20918/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Deathe ◽

Eren Oyungu ◽

Samuel O. Ayaya ◽

Ananda R. Ombitsa ◽

Carole I. McAteer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Health Service ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Substantial Reduction ◽

Child Health Service ◽

Growth Monitoring ◽

Maternal Child Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Western Kenya ◽

Service Coverage

Abstract BackgroundDespite the substantial reduction of child mortality in recent decades, Kenya still strives to provide universal healthcare access and to meet other international benchmarks for child health. This study aimed to describe child health service coverage among children visiting six Maternal and Child Health (MCH) clinics in western Kenya. MethodsIn a cross-sectional study of Kenyan young children (≤5 years) presenting to MCH clinics, child health records were reviewed to determine coverage of immunizations, growth monitoring, vitamin A supplementation, and deworming. Among 78 children and their caregivers, nearly 70% of children were fully vaccinated for their age. ResultsWe found a significant disparity in full vaccination coverage by gender (p = .017), as males had 3.5x higher odds of being fully vaccinated compared to females. Further, full vaccination coverage also varied across MCH clinic sites ranging from 43.8% to 92.9%. ConclusionsHealth service coverage for Kenyan children in this study is consistent with national and sub-national findings; however, our study found a significant gender equity gap in coverage at these six clinics that warrants further investigation to ensure that all children receive critical preventative services.

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Measuring childhood vaccine coverage in England: the role of Child Health Information Systems

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.17.16.20149-en ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (16) ◽

Author(s):

G Amirthalingam ◽

J White ◽

M Ramsay

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Child Health ◽

Health Information ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Immunisation Programme ◽

Health Information Systems ◽

Entire Population ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Local Public Health

Child Health Information Systems (CHISs) are computerised clinical record systems which support a range of health promotion and prevention activities for children, including immunisation and screening. There are a number of different providers of CHISs in England. These systems are managed by child health departments in each local area and not all are interoperable. The establishment of systems which record and maintain accurate information on the entire population is critical to assess vaccination coverage at both national and local levels. These systems should have the flexibility to adapt to a continuously evolving immunisation programme, a mechanism to rapidly feedback to local public health teams for outbreak prevention and control, and the ability to mount a timely response to vaccine safety scares. The ability to schedule (call and recall) immunisation appointments has contributed to improvements in vaccination coverage both in England and elsewhere. While this has been achieved in England through multiple CHISs the development of a single national register would reduce the complexities of maintaining accurate and complete immunisation records for the entire population.

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