scholarly journals PRESCRIPTION AUDIT IN OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENTS OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS; FACTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-11
Author(s):  
Muhammad Wasiullah Khan ◽  
Saleh Khurshied ◽  
Nawal Khurshid ◽  
Rafay Iqbal ◽  
M Azeem Khizer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Audit ◽  
Outpatient Departments ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Objective: To evaluate written prescriptions according to a checklist based on WHO guidelines (prescription audit). To compare prescriptions of senior and junior physicians and to provide data and recommendations. Study Design: Cross-sectional, analytic study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, and Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from March to Aug 2018. Methodology: A total of 205 prescriptions using convenient sampling technique were analyzed according to a checklist based on WHO guidelines for standard prescription writing. Data was analyzed using SPSS-22. Results: Out of total 205 prescriptions, 83 (40%) prescriptions belong to senior and 122 (60%) to junior physicians. Fifty (25%) prescriptions lacked patient name, 49 (24%) lacked age. Gender was mentioned in only 117 (57%) prescriptions. Date, diagnosis and dosage of drug were written in 170 (83%), 172 (84%) and 177 (86%) respectively while dosage form and route of administration were mentioned in 144 (70%) and 102 (50%) respectively. Generic name was written in only 75 (37%) prescriptions. Name and stamp of the doctor were available on 135 (66%) and 125 (61%) prescriptions respectively. A statistically significant association was observed between senior and junior physicians in terms of error in name of patient and dosage form (p=0.002& 0.005 respectively). Conclusions: Prescriptions were mainly deficient in the generic names of drugs. Route of administration was missing in half of the prescriptions. None of the parameters was totally accurate. Prescriptions from junior physicians had more errors.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF HAND HYGIENE AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN KARACHI

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Imran Ahmed ◽  
Asif Khan ◽  
Abdul Ahad Sohail ◽  
Mujeeb-ur- Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Background: Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are one of the most common problems encountered in health care. It is a major cause of concern for hospitals throughout the world. Methods: The study design was cross sectional and data was obtained from health care workers currently employed in hospitals. We selected tertiary care hospitals by convenient sampling technique. Data were analyzed through SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 330 health care workers were included in the study out of which 54.4% (180) were males and the rest 45.4% (150) were females. When the participants were asked of the minimum time required for alcohol based hand rub to eradicate the microorganisms, only 42% (138) were able to correctly answer that it takes 20 seconds. Conclusion: Our study identified considerable gaps in knowledge and practice in some key areas regarding hand hygiene which need re-emphasis through regular training sessions aim at keeping abreast with standard protocols of hand hygiene.

scholarly journals HYPERTENSION;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Neelam Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Raza
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Outpatient Departments ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Background and Objectives:Asymptomatic nature of hypertension (HTN) has made it a silent killer. The better understanding of the underlying causes or factors can be beneficial in reducing the mortality and morbidity rate. Thus, the present study aims to determine the risk factors associated with HTN among adults and elderly patients visiting outpatient departments (OPDs) and the knowledge of patients about their health status. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Outpatient departments (OPDs) of four tertiary care hospitals (Nishtar hospital, Khawaja Farid Social Security hospital, Railway hospital and Bakhtawar Amin Memorial hospital) of Multan, Pakistan. Period:1st May 2017 and 31st October 2017. Patients and Methods:364 patients (≥18 years−≥60 years of age) in OPDs of four tertiary care hospitals of Multan, Pakistan. Data regarding demographic details, medical history and blood pressure measurements were collected on a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) and Microsoft Excel (MS Office 2010).Result: Overall 38.7% of the participants were suffering from HTN. Most of them were 40-59 years of age and had body mass index (BMI) >23 kg/m2. Bivariate analysis (p-value <0.005) showed a significant association of age, marital status, gender, weight, and physical activity with HTN. Conclusion: The major determinants of HTN include increase in age, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, genetics, diabetes mellitus (DM) and lack of health concerns. Although patients are knowledgeable of their poor health status but make little or no efforts in controlling and preventing HTN.

scholarly journals Frequency of Oropharyngeal Cancer Among Males

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Asghar Khan ◽  
Sofia Kabir ◽  
Nighat Musa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

OBJECTIVE:Background: Worldwide oropharyngeal cancers are one of ten most common cancers. A multitude of factors are responsible for the development of oropharyngeal cancers. Some factors are non- modifiable like age, sex, genetics and many are modifiable risk factors like tobacco use, chewing betel nuts, eating paan, alcohol and UV light exposure etc. The main purpose of this study was to analyze frequency and different risk factors associated with oropharyngeal cancers among males visiting tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar.METHODOLOGY:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 male patients having different cancers visiting tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. Study duration was 5 months from January to May 2015. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. Semi-structured questionnaire, Patient’s record were used as data collecting tools. Different risk factors were assessed and analyzed.RESULTS:Frequency of oropharyngeal cancers was found to be 19%. Common risk factors among these patients were prolong Ultra violet light exposure (4-8 hrs) 74%, 42% were smokers, 42% had history of oral thrush, 37% patients were in a habit of taking snuff regularly, 36% history of leukoplakia and 16% had smoked meat diet history.CONCLUSION:Prolong exposure to ultra violet radiations, smoking, snuff and human papiloma virus increases risk of patients for oropharyngeal cancers.

Practice of Nurses Regarding Prevention from Needle Stick Injuries in Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1389-1391
Author(s):  
Zarnigar . ◽  
R. Elahi ◽  
T. Zia ◽  
T. Sagir ◽  
W. Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Needle Stick Injury ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Check List ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Needle Stick ◽  
Needle Stick Injuries ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Needle sticks injury considerably affects nurse’s wellbeing while performing routine patient’s care. Thus, nurses are at risk of exposure to various kinds of infectious diseases. Objectives: To analyze the practice of nurses regarding prevention from needle stick injury in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Lahore. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: Study setting was tertiary care hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan after ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval. Data was collected from nurses by using tool used in this study was check list for observation of Nurses practice related to sharps and needles. This check list contains fourteen criteria for observation of Nurses’ practice. Whether they were doing; yes or no. sel. convenient sampling technique was used, and sample size was 93. Statistical analysis: SPSS 21 was utilized for the data analysis. Results: It was observed that 03(3%) Nurses were performing Safe Needle Handling Technique in procedure room while 90(97%) Nurses were not performing it. It was observed that 91(98%) Staff Nurses wash hands before and after use of syringes while only 02(2%) Nurses were not performing it. Conclusion: We concluded that nurses have ignorance of the protocols become the reason of such incidents even now. It is the need of time to implement appropriate strategies for precaution and intervention through hospital administration to avoid the needle stick injuries. Key Words: Needle Stick Injury, Re-capping of needles and Knowledge.

scholarly journals EARLIEST SYMPTOMS OF PRESENTATION IN COVID-19 PATIENTS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-3) ◽  
pp. S500-03
Author(s):  
Maqbool Raza ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
De Emmal Asjad Cheema ◽  
Maham Asjad Cheema ◽  
Atif Rafique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To determine the frequency of earliest symptoms of COVID-19 infection among patients with confirmed SARSCOVID-19 infection. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Multan, from Jun to Dec 2021. Methodology: Data from 299 patients admitted in tertiary care settings was collected on a questionnaire. Patients regardless of gender and age who had confirmed COVID-19 infection through Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) were included in the study. A nonprobability consecutive sampling technique was used to select samples. Data was entered and analyzed through SPSS version 22. Frequencies and percentages of various presenting symptoms were calculated. Sample size calculated at 95% level of confidence, 1% required precision, and 27% anticipated population proportion were 299. The overall difference in frequencies of symptoms in various groups was compared by using chi-square test. p-value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: A total of 299 participants were included in this analysis. The median age for participants (interquartile range [IQR]) was 46 (36-54) years. Among 299 adults the reported symptoms were cough 238 (79.6%), fever 176 (58.7%) and, dyspnea 113 (37.8%). Only 78 (26.1%) of participants with confirmed infection reported having all three symptoms of cough, fever, and dyspnea. Other reported symptoms in patients were diarrhea 54 (18.1%), fatigue 128 (42.8%), myalgia 113 (37.8%), and anosmia 98 (32.8%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of symptoms across both genders. Conclusion: The most frequent symptoms of COVID-19 are cough, fever, and dyspnea.

scholarly journals Verbal Abuse among Nurses in Tertiary Care Hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (218) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Silwal ◽  
Sarala Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Professions ◽  
The Times ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Introduction: Verbal abuse against nurses who are major working force can affect the work performance and productivity in hospital.  Verbal abuse is epidemic in tertiary care hospitals though it is most preventable with healthcare professions. The study aims to identify the prevalence of verbal abuse among nurses in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses in two tertiary care hospitals in Chitwan using self-administered questionnaire from August-December, 2018. The researcher used the convenient sampling technique and total 331 nurses were taken for the study. Results: Prevalence of verbal abuse was found to be 122 (36.9 %) [34.25%-39.55% at 95% CI]  among nurses.  Perpetrators of the verbal abuse were  relatives of the patients 64 (48.9%) followed by staff  member 29 ( 23.77%),  patient 23 (17.6%), management  or supervisor 4 (3.1%) and from colleague 2  (1.5%). Frequency of verbal abuse as sometimes, once and all the times were 95 (77.86%), 20 (16.03%) and 7 (5.7 %) respectively. Study showed that verbal abuse was mostly done by relatives of the patient. Consequence of verbal abuse was disturbing memories, thoughts or an image ultimately reducing the job satisfaction.  No any action was taken except verbal warning for 20 (58.8%) perpetrators. Conclusions: Verbal abuse is frequently prevalent in nurses and mostly from patient’s visitors. Hence, nurses should maintain their respect and authority otherwise it will lead to decrease in their performance that shows direct impact on patient care and consequently the effectiveness of the health care system.   

scholarly journals Knowledge and awareness among nurses in tertiary care hospitals of Kolkata regarding HIV positive patient care: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2357
Author(s):  
Nachiketa Ghosh ◽  
Arijit Dey ◽  
Sayantani Majumdar ◽  
Debdutta Haldar
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Nursing staff have immense contribution in the generation of healthcare and medical care services and act as pillars on which the entire hospital care facility is dependent. This can only be ensured if the hospital staff are well trained and fully updated about the recent treatment protocols to handle the complicated situation of the patients. Objectives of the study was to assess provider’s knowledge of HIV/AIDS, misconceptions and practices in the areas of virology, mode of transmission, prevention.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in five tertiary care hospitals of Kolkata, for a period of three months. The sample size of 250 nursing staffs from 5 hospitals were selected by applying simple random sampling technique. The data was collected by oral questionnaire method and results were analysed by appropriate statistical methods.Results: Among the 250 respondents, 62% received training on HIV/AIDS, 79.6% were aware of the fact that HIV/AIDS is caused by a virus, 86% of respondents correctly know that HIV is the agent that causes AIDS and 65% of respondents correctly answered that later stage of HIV is known as AIDS. It was observed that most of the respondents (94%) have good knowledge about spread of HIV via different modes of sexual contact. The fact that AIDS can be transmitted through blood in various ways is also known to most of nurses.Conclusions: The results of this study can be utilized in stressing on the importance of imparting training to the nurses and other healthcare workers related to HIV/AIDS patient care.

Knowledge of Nurses Regarding Prevention From Needle Stick Injuries in Tertiary Care Hopital Lahore Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1479-1481
Author(s):  
Zarnigar . ◽  
R. Elahi ◽  
T. Sagir ◽  
T. Zia ◽  
W. Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Needle Stick Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Needle Stick ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Needle Stick Injuries ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Nurses got exposed to various blood borne infections due to injury from different types of sharp instruments like needles, lancets, scissors etc. Such injuries ultimately became the reasons of blood borne diseases. Objectives: To analyze the knowledge and attitude of nurses about prevention from needle stick injury and the magnitude of such incidents in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Lahore. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: Study setting was tertiary care hospitals of Lahore-Pakistan after ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval. Data was collected from nurses by using self-administered questionnaire from different department of tertiary care hospitals, Lahore. Convenient sampling technique was used, and sample size was 93. Statistical analysis: SPSS 21 was utilized for the data analysis. The tests of frequencies, percentages and graphs were applied. Results: Needle stick injuries association was measured with working experience among nurses. There was statistically significant difference found between the NSIs among (59%) nurses, who were having more working experience (22-24) about handling of needle during any procedure as compared to the nurses who lack in experience. The study results showed that majority of nurses have enough knowledge concerning to NSIs. Conclusion: We concluded that nurses have knowledge regarding the needle stick injury due to the training classes, however, ignorance of the protocols becomes the reason of such incidents even now. It is the need of time to implement appropriate strategies for precaution and intervention through hospital administration to avoid the needle stick injuries. Key Words: Needle Stick Injury, Re-capping of needles, Attitude and Knowledge.

Pediatric Drug-Related Problems in an Indian Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qaiser Jahan ◽  
K. Pallavi ◽  
R. Hamshika ◽  
Varun Talla ◽  
Jupally Venkateshwar Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Related Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Department ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Patient Morbidity ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Background: Improper drug usages expose patients to drug-related problems (DRPs) and can be the cause of patient morbidity and even mortality, especially frequent in hospitalized patients and pediatric groups. Objective: The objective of the present study was to identify and assess the drug-related problems in the pediatric department of tertiary care hospitals. Methods: The cross-sectional, observational study was carried out for six months included pediatric in-patients of age ≤15 years of either gender in pediatric units of tertiary care hospitals of India. The enrolled pediatric patients were observed for any drug-related problem that were further recorded and classified using the DRP registration format taken from Cipolle et al. The assessment of therapy was done by using positional statements from standard organizations and guidelines. Main outcome measure: Incidences of drug-related problems and their assessment and root cause analysis. Results: A total of 970 DRPs were identified in 296 patients, with an overall incidence of 49.3%. The incidence of DRPs was maximum in the age group of 2-12 years of children (51.2%). Patients who took six or more drugs were around eight (OR:8.41 , 95% CI: 5.22 to 13.55) times more likely to have DRPs compared to those patients who took less than six drugs. The incidences of DRPs were more in patients who were hospitalized for ≥ 7 days. Conclusion: The present study revealed significantly higher incidences of DRPs in hospitalized pediatric patients necessitating the involvement of clinical pharmacists in the pediatric department of tertiary care hospitals.

Molecular detection of blaOXA-23gene and blaOXA-51 gene in carbapenem resistant strains of Acinetobacterbaumannii in patients with ventilator associated pneumonia at tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2576-2581
Author(s):  
Saima Ishtiaq ◽  
Sidrah Saleem ◽  
Abdul Waheed ◽  
Arslan Ahmed Alvi
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Objective: To evaluate carbapenem resistance and to detect blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes in carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumanii isolates recovered from patients having pneumonia secondry to ventilation. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018 at the Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised endotracheal aspirates / tracheobroncheal lavage samples from patients irrespective of age and gender who developed pneumonia after being on the ventilator for 48 hrs at the Combined Military Hospital, and Jinnah Hospital, Lahore.  The samples were inoculated on MacConkey and blood agar and aerobically incubated at a temperature of 370C for 18-24 hours. The isolated organisms were further assessed by standard morphological, cultural and biochemical profile. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii were checked for carbapenemase production using Modified Hodge Test. Conventional polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoreses were performed to detect blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes. Data was analysed using SPSS 17. Results: Out of 157 samples, 92(58.6%) yielded growth of bacteria, and, among them, 39(42.4%) were identified as acinetobacter baumannii. All (100%) acinetobacter baumannii cases showed resistance to carbapenem, were producing carbapenemase enzyme, and were positive for blaOXA-51 gene. The blaOXA-23 gene was amplified in 38(97.4%) isolates. Conclusion: BlaOXA-23 gene appeared to be the major cause of carbapenem resistance. Continuous...

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