scholarly journals MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ TIÊN LƯỢNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN VIÊM TỤY CẤP TÍNH NẶNG CÓ PHẪU THUẬT

2021 ◽  
Vol 507 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Hữu Huấn ◽  
Đào Xuân Cơ
Keyword(s):  

Mục đích: Đánh giá các yếu tố tiên lượng ở bệnh nhân viêm  tụy cấp nặng có phẫu thuật. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả chùm ca bệnh 43 bệnh nhân viêm tụy cấp (VTC) nặng có phẫu thuật, điều trị tại khoa Hồi sức tích cực bệnh viện Bạch Mai từ tháng 9/2019 đến tháng 8/2021. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình của nhóm nghiên cứu là 52±16.32, tỉ lệ nam: nữ là 3:1. Nhóm tuổi gặp nhiều nhất với nam giới là 45-60 chiếm 37.2% và ở nữ là < 45 tuổi. Tỉ lệ sống trong nhóm là 79.05%. Tiền sử:  46.51% nghiện rượu, 37.20%  VTC; 4 trường hợp sỏi đường mật 3 bệnh nhân VTC khi mang thai. Chỉ định mổ gặp với tỉ lệ nhiều nhất là hoại tử tụy chiếm 48,83% sau đó là áp xe tụy chiếm 32,55%, có 3 bệnh nhân viêm tụy cấp do tắc nghẽn có sỏi mật, 1 trường hợp viêm phúc mạc và 3 trường hợp có biến chứng chảy máu trong ổ bụng. Áp lực ổ bụng được đánh giá có ý nghĩa trong tiên lượng tử vong, với nhóm sống áp lực ổ bụng lúc vào viện trung bình là 20,2±4,8% và nhóm tử vong cao hơn 24,1± 6,0. Sử dụng thang điểm lúc  vào viện và trong quá trình điều trị đánh giá tiên lượng tình trạng bệnh nhân. Các thang điểm SOFA, APACHE II, Marshall và RANSON khác biệt giữa 2 nhóm với p<0,05. Chỉ số PCT lúc vào viện cũng có sự khác biệt với trung bình nhóm sống là 12,6±19,4 so với nhóm tử vong là 21,18±17,7. Kết luận: Các yếu tố tiên lượng ở bệnh nhân viêm tụy cấp nặng có phẫu thuật là tình trạng tăng áp lực ổ bụng, PCT và các thang điểm đánh giá độ nặng như SOFA, APACHE II, Marshall và RANSON.

VASA ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bürger ◽  
Meyer ◽  
Tautenhahn ◽  
Halloul

Background: Objective evaluation of the management of patients with ruptured infrarenal aortic aneurysm in emergency situations has been described rarely. Patients and methods: Fifty-two consecutive patients with ruptured infrarenal aortic aneurysm (mean age, 70.3 years; range, 56–89 years; SD 7.8) were admitted between January 1993 and March 1998. Emergency protocols, final reports, and follow-up data were analyzed retrospectively. APACHE II scores at admission and fifth postoperative day were assessed. Results: The time between the appearance of first symptoms and the referral of patients to the hospital was more than 5 hours in 37 patients (71%). Thirty-eight patients (71%) had signs of shock at time of admission. Ultrasound was performed in 81% of patients as the first diagnostic procedure. The most frequent site of aortic rupture was the left retroperitoneum (87%). Intraoperatively, acute left ventricular failure occurred in four patients, and cardiac arrest in two others. The postoperative course was complicated significantly in 34 patients. The overall mortality rate was 36.5% (n = 19). In 35 patients, APACHE II score was assessed, showing a probability of death of more than 40% in five patients and lower than 30% in 17 others. No patient showing probability of death of above 75% at the fifth postoperative day survived (n = 7). Conclusions: Ruptured aortic aneurysm demands surgical intervention. Clinical outcome is also influenced by preclinical and anesthetic management. The severity of disease as well as the patient’s prognosis can be approximated using APACHE II score. Treatment results of heterogenous patient groups can be compared.


2020 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
О. В. Ротар ◽  
І. В. Хомяк ◽  
Р. І. Сидорчук ◽  
В. І. Ротар ◽  
Р. П. Кнут
Keyword(s):  

Мета.  Провести оцінку ефективності прокальцитоніна для діагностики та прогнозування ускладнень гострого некротичного панкреатиту. Матеріал і методи. Обстежено 151 хворого на гострий некротичний панкреатит. Проводили клінічні, бактеріологічні та інструментальні методи дослідження. У плазмі крові визначали прокальцитонін. Результати та їх обговорення. Інфікування некротичних тканин діагностували у 89 (55,6%) із 151  пацієнта: зокрема, локальні гнійні ускладнення в 27, сепсис – у 33,  септичний шок – у 29 випадках. У 62 осіб із стерильним некротичними скупченнями концентрація прокальцитоніну перевищувала показники здорових осіб і становила в середньому 1,34±0,19 нг/мл (p>0,05). Розвиток гнійно-септичних ускладнень супроводжувалося  підвищенням концентрації прокальцитоніну до 4,47±0,67 нг/мл (p<0,01): у хворих із сепсисом до 5,05±0,92 нг/мл і септичним шоком  - до 7,25±2,15 нг/мл. Висновок. Рівень прокальцитоніна більше 1,84 нг/мл у плазмі крові  хворих на гострий некротичний панкреатит дозволяє з високою чутливість і клінічною специфічністю діагностувати розвиток гнійно-септичних ускладнень. Ступінь підвищення  прокальцитоніна в плазмі крові корелює з тяжкістю стану пацієнтів і прогнозом захворювання, рівень вище 4,0 нг/мл є прогностично несприятливим щодо виживання і відповідає 16 балам за шкалою APACHE II (чутливість 72,24%, специфічність 78,12%).


Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Alexander Supady ◽  
Jeff DellaVolpe ◽  
Fabio Silvio Taccone ◽  
Dominik Scharpf ◽  
Matthias Ulmer ◽  
...  

The role of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy (V-V ECMO) in severe COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is still under debate and conclusive data from large cohorts are scarce. Furthermore, criteria for the selection of patients that benefit most from this highly invasive and resource-demanding therapy are yet to be defined. In this study, we assess survival in an international multicenter cohort of COVID-19 patients treated with V-V ECMO and evaluate the performance of several clinical scores to predict 30-day survival. Methods: This is an investigator-initiated retrospective non-interventional international multicenter registry study (NCT04405973, first registered 28 May 2020). In 127 patients treated with V-V ECMO at 15 centers in Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Belgium, and the United States, we calculated the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) Score, Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survival Prediction (RESP) Score, Predicting Death for Severe ARDS on V‑V ECMO (PRESERVE) Score, and 30-day survival. Results: In our study cohort which enrolled 127 patients, overall 30-day survival was 54%. Median SOFA, SAPS II, APACHE II, RESP, and PRESERVE were 9, 36, 17, 1, and 4, respectively. The prognostic accuracy for all these scores (area under the receiver operating characteristic—AUROC) ranged between 0.548 and 0.605. Conclusions: The use of scores for the prediction of mortality cannot be recommended for treatment decisions in severe COVID-19 ARDS undergoing V-V ECMO; nevertheless, scoring results below or above a specific cut-off value may be considered as an additional tool in the evaluation of prognosis. Survival rates in this cohort of COVID-19 patients treated with V‑V ECMO were slightly lower than those reported in non-COVID-19 ARDS patients treated with V-V ECMO.


Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Gupta ◽  
Ekta Yadav ◽  
Nikhil Gupta ◽  
Raghav Yelamanchi ◽  
Lalit Kumar Bansal ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 175346662110042
Author(s):  
Xiaoke Shang ◽  
Yanggan Wang

Aims: The study aimed to compare and analyze the outcomes of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) in the treatment of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) who had extubation after weaning from mechanical ventilation. Methods: A total 120 patients with AHRF were enrolled into this study. These patients underwent tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. They were organized into two groups according to the score of Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II); group A: APACHE II score <12; group B: 12⩽ APACHE II score <24. Group A had 72 patients and patients given HFNC were randomly assigned to subgroup I while patients given NPPV were assigned to subgroup II (36 patients in each subgroup). Group B had 48 patients and patients given HFNC were randomly assigned to subgroup I while patients given NPPV were assigned to subgroup II (24 patients in each subgroup). General information, respiratory parameters, endpoint event, and comorbidities of adverse effect were compared and analyzed between the two subgroups. Results: The incidence of abdominal distension was significantly higher in patients treated with NPPV than in those treated with HFNC in group A (19.44% versus 0, p = 0.005) and group B (25% versus 0, p = 0.009). There was no significant difference between the HFNC- and NPPV-treated patients in blood pH, oxygenation index, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, respiratory rate, and blood lactic acid concentration in either group ( p > 0.05). Occurrence rate of re-intubation within 72 h of extubation was slightly, but not significantly, higher in NPPV-treated patients ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between HFNC and NPPV in preventing respiratory failure in patients with AHRF with an APACHE II score <24 after extubation. However, HFNC was superior to NPPV with less incidence of abdominal distension. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.


2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110155
Author(s):  
Brian W Johnston ◽  
David Perry ◽  
Martyn Habgood ◽  
Miland Joshi ◽  
Anton Krige

Objective Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is associated with sub-therapeutic antibiotic, anti-epileptic, and anticoagulant serum concentrations leading to adverse patient outcomes. We aimed to describe the prevalence and associated risk factors for ARC development in a large, single-centre cohort in the United Kingdom. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study of critically unwell patients admitted to intensive care between 2014 and 2016. Urinary creatinine clearance was used to determine the ARC prevalence during the first 7 days of admission. Repeated measures logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for ARC development. Results The ARC prevalence was 47.0% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 44.3%–49.7%). Age, sex, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, and sepsis diagnosis were significantly associated with ARC. ARC was more prevalent in younger vs. older (odds ratio [OR] 0.95 [95%CI: 0.94–0.96]), male vs. female (OR 0.32 [95%CI: 0.26–0.40]) patients with lower vs. higher APACHE II scores (OR 0.94 [95%CI: 0.92–0.96]). Conclusions This patient group probably remains unknown to many clinicians because measuring urinary creatinine clearance is not usually indicated in this group. Clinicians should be aware of the ARC risk in this group and consider measurement of urinary creatinine clearance.


Author(s):  
Sneha Sharma ◽  
Raman Tandon

Abstract Background Prediction of outcome for burn patients allows appropriate allocation of resources and prognostication. There is a paucity of simple to use burn-specific mortality prediction models which consider both endogenous and exogenous factors. Our objective was to create such a model. Methods A prospective observational study was performed on consecutive eligible consenting burns patients. Demographic data, total burn surface area (TBSA), results of complete blood count, kidney function test, and arterial blood gas analysis were collected. The quantitative variables were compared using the unpaired student t-test/nonparametric Mann Whitney U-test. Qualitative variables were compared using the ⊠2-test/Fischer exact test. Binary logistic regression analysis was done and a logit score was derived and simplified. The discrimination of these models was tested using the receiver operating characteristic curve; calibration was checked using the Hosmer—Lemeshow goodness of fit statistic, and the probability of death calculated. Validation was done using the bootstrapping technique in 5,000 samples. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results On univariate analysis TBSA (p <0.001) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (p = 0.004) were found to be independent predictors of mortality. TBSA (odds ratio [OR] 1.094, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.037–1.155, p = 0.001) and APACHE II (OR 1.166, 95% CI 1.034–1.313, p = 0.012) retained significance on binary logistic regression analysis. The prediction model devised performed well (area under the receiver operating characteristic 0.778, 95% CI 0.681–0.875). Conclusion The prediction of mortality can be done accurately at the bedside using TBSA and APACHE II score.


2021 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. S-312-S-313
Author(s):  
Sandra R. Gomez ◽  
Eric Lam ◽  
Luis Gonzalez Mosquera ◽  
Joshua Fogel ◽  
Paul Mustacchia

Open Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 782-786
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Kuwana ◽  
Junko Yamaguchi ◽  
Kosaku Kinoshita ◽  
Satoshi Hori ◽  
Shingo Ihara ◽  
...  

AbstractCarbapenems are frequently used to treat infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), but carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria are a clinical concern. Although cephamycins (cefmetazole; CMZ) have been shown to be effective against mild cases of ESBL-E infection, data on their use for severe ESBL-E infections with sepsis or septic shock remain scarce. Herein, we discuss a de-escalation therapy to CMZ that could be used after empiric antibiotic therapy in ICU patients with sepsis or septic shock caused by ESBL-E bacteremia. A sequence of 25 cases diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock caused by ESBL-E bacteria was evaluated. The attending infectious disease specialist physicians selected the antibiotics and decided the de-escalation timing. The median SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) and APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) severity scores were 8 and 30; the rate of septic shock was 60%. Infections originated most frequently with urinary tract infection (UTI) (56%) and Escherichia coli (85%). Eleven patients were de-escalated to CMZ after vital signs were stable, and all survived. No patients died of UTI regardless of with or without de-escalation. The median timing of de-escalation antibiotic therapy after admission was 4 days (range, 3–6 days). At the time of de-escalation, the median SOFA score fell from 8 to 5, the median APACHE II score from 28 to 22, and the rate of septic shock from 55% to 0%. We conclude that for sepsis in UTI caused by ESBL-E bacteremia, de-escalation therapy from broad-spectrum antibiotics to CMZ is a potential treatment option when vital signs are stable.


2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 578-584
Author(s):  
Fatih Ciftci ◽  
Fazilet Erözgen

Perforated peptic ulcers continue to be an important problem in surgical practice. In this study, risk factors for peptic ulcer perforation-associated mortality and morbidity were evaluated. This is a retrospective study of patients surgically treated for perforated peptic ulcer over a decade (March 1999–December 2014). Patient age, sex, complaints at presentation, time lapse between onset of complaints and presentation to the hospital, physical findings, comorbidities, laboratory and imaging findings, length of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality were recorded. The Mannheim peritonitis index (MPI) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score were calculated and recorded for each patient on admission to the hospital. Of the 149 patients, mean age was 50.6 ± 19 years (range: 17–86). Of these, 129 (86.5%) were males and 20 (13.4%) females. At least 1 comorbidity was found in 42 (28.1%) of the patients. Complications developed in 36 (24.1%) of the patients during the postoperative period. The most frequent complication was wound site infection. There was mortality in 26 (17.4%) patients and the most frequent cause of mortality was sepsis. Variables that were found to have statistically significant effects on morbidity included age older than 60 years, presence of comorbidities, and MPI (P = 0.029, 0.013, and 0.013, respectively). In a multivariate analysis, age older than 60 years, presence of comorbidities, and MPI were independent risk factors that affected morbidity. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age older than 60 years [P = 0.006, odds ratio (OR) = 5.99, confidence interval (CI) = 0.95] and comorbidities (OR = 2.73, CI = 0.95) were independent risk factors that affected morbidity. MPI and APACHE II scoring were both predictive of mortality. Age older than 60, presentation time, and MPI were independent risk factors for mortality. Undelayed diagnosis and appropriate treatment are of the utmost importance when presenting with a perforated peptic ulcer. We believe close observation of high-risk patients during the postoperative period may decrease morbidity and mortality rates.


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