scholarly journals RUSSIAN, PAN-EUROPEAN AND NORTH AMERICAN APPROACHES TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST TYPES

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
В.В. ФОМИН ◽  
А.П. МИХАЙЛОВИЧ ◽  
С.В. ЗАЛЕСОВ
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Ecological Site ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Growing Conditions

Проведен анализ подходов к классификации типов леса в России, Европейском союзе и странах Се- верной Америки по следующим позициям: содержание понятия основных классификационных единиц лесных типологий: тип условий местопроизрастания и тип леса; особенности выделения их границ; при- знаки (характеристики), используемые для определения типа условий местопроизрастания; характеристи- ки фитоценозов, используемых для определения типа леса; возможности учета сукцессионной динамики лесных насаждений и влияния антропогенных факторов; уровень внедрения в производство и регионы, в которых они используются. В рамках российского подхода представление о типе леса трансформиро- валось от его понимания с точки зрения его однородности в пространстве (сходство участков по внеш- нему облику и набору характеристик) до однородности во времени (при классифицировании приоритет отдан генезису лесных насаждений и процессам развития). Приведены результаты анализа особенностей европейских классификаций местообитаний (EUNIS), растительности (EVS) и типов леса (EFT), а также краткая характеристика основных североамериканских лесных типологий: классификация типов место- обитаний, биоклиматическая классификация экосистем, описание экологических участков. The analysis of approaches to the classifi cation of forest types in Russia, the European Union and the countries of North America is carried out according to the following positions: the content of the concept of the main classifi cation units of forest typologies: the type of growing conditions and the type of forest; features of their boundaries revealing; characteristics used to determine the type of growing conditions; characteristics of phytocoenoses used to determine the type of forest; the possibility of taking into account the successional dynamics of forest stands and the infl uence of anthropogenic factors; the level of introduction into the industry and the regions in which they are used. Within the framework of the Russian approach, the idea of the type of forest was transformed from uniformity in space (similarity of forest sites, stands and understorey vegatation) to uniformity in time (priority is given in genesis and development processes). The results of the analysis of the features of the habitat classifi cations (EUNIS), vegetation (EVS) and forest types (EFT) on the Pan-European level are presented, as well as a brief description of the main North American forest typologies: Habitat Type Classifi cations, Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classifi cation, Ecological Site Description.

Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Conserving the Highly Hunted Mammal Species as Bushmeat in Southern Benin

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Chabi A.M.S. Djagoun ◽  
Etotépé A. Sogbohossou ◽  
Barthélémy Kassa ◽  
Christian B. Ahouandjinou ◽  
Hugues A. Akpona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Occupancy Model ◽  
Habitat Occupancy ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat ◽  
Lama Forest

Background: The habitat degradation together with fragmentation and illegal hunting represent a major threat for biodiversity conservation in Lama protected areas. Method: We used a combination of questionnaire survey with local communities for ranking the hunted mammal species as bushmeat and track surveys in gridded-cell system of 500x500 m2 (n=268) to assess at what extend the management design, the anthropogenic factors and habitat type affect the occupancy model of those mammal species. Results: Twenty mammal species have been predominantly reported by the local inhabitants to consume bushmeat species and 5 of them have been identified as the most preferable as hunted game mammals. The selection of the preferred habitat among the swampy forest, the dense forest, the tree plantations and cropland for the prioritized game species varies between species but looks similar when grouping in different orders. Some bushmeat species were found to select the more secure habitat (natural forest); suggesting the zoning system in the Lama forest can passively protect those species. However, some species such as T. swinderianus although highly hunted showed preference to anthropogenic habitat, avoiding the well secured core zone in Lama Forest. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted the importance of the zoning system with different management objectives in the habitat occupancy model of the highly hunted wildlife species.

scholarly journals Imitated Whole Tree Harvesting Show Negligible Effect on Economic Value of Spruce Stands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Iveta Desaine ◽  
Annija Kārkliņa ◽  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Anna Pastare ◽  
Andis Adamovičs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

The increased removal of forest-derived biomass with whole-tree harvesting (WTH) has raised concerns about the long-term productivity and sustainability of forest ecosystems. If true, this effect needs to be factored in the assessment of long-term feasibility to implement such a drastic forest management measure. Therefore, the economic performance of five experimental plantations in three different forest types, where in 1971 simulated WTH event occurred, was compared with pure, planted and conventionally managed (CH) Norway spruce stands of similar age and growing conditions. Potential incomes of CH and WTH stands were based on timber prices for period 2014–2020. However, regarding the economics of root and stump biomass utilization, they were not included in the estimates. In any given price level, the difference of internal rate of return between the forest types and selected managements were from 2.5% to 6.2%. Therefore, Norway spruce stands demonstrate good potential of independence regardless of stump removal at the previous rotation.

scholarly journals Towards Circular Economy—A Comparative Analysis of the Countries of the European Union

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ewa Mazur-Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Population Member ◽  
Research Population

There are many studies which implement and assess existing measurement manners and document the progress of entities towards the circular economy (CE) at various levels, or present or propose new possibilities of measurement. The majority of them refer to the micro level. The aim of this paper is to conduct a multidimensional comparative analysis of the implementation of circular economy by EU countries. After an in-depth critical analysis of the literature, CE indicators which were proposed by the European Commission were adopted as a basis. Owing to the research population-Member States of the European Union (EU-28), focusing on the said indicators was declared reasonable in all aspects. The classification of EU countries according to the level of their advancement in the concept of CE was adopted as a main research task. In order to do so, a relevant index of development of circular economy was created (IDCE). This will allow us, inter alia, to trace changes in the spatial differentiation of advancement of the EU countries in implementing CE over the years, to identify CE implementation leaders as well as countries particularly delayed in this regard. The comparative analysis was conducted by means of statistical methods. On the basis of the analyses, it was concluded that among all EU countries, those of the old EU are the most advanced in terms of CE. The analysis confirmed significant rising trends for IDCE only in the case of Belgium and The Netherlands.

Ecological Site Classification of Florida Keys Terrestrial Habitats

Biotropica ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Ross ◽  
Joseph J. O'Brien ◽  
Laura J. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Florida Keys ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Ecological Site ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats

The Aesthetic Earlobe: Classification of Lobule Ptosis on the Basis of a Survey of North American Caucasians

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arian Mowlavi ◽  
D. Garth Meldrum ◽  
Bradon J. Wilhelmi ◽  
Ashkan Ghavami ◽  
Elvin G. Zook
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
The Aesthetic

scholarly journals Monitoring invasive mammalian predator populations sharing habitat with the Critically Endangered Puerto Rican parrot Amazona vittata

Oryx ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Engeman ◽  
Desley Whisson ◽  
Jessica Quinn ◽  
Felipe Cano ◽  
Pedro Quiñones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
The World ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Amazona Vittata ◽  
Black Rats

Critically Endangered Puerto Rican parrots Amazona vittata are one of the rarest birds in the world. Several exotic mammal species capable of preying on Puerto Rican parrots cohabit the Caribbean National Forest with the only wild population of these parrots. We used tracking plates, monitoring blocks and trapping to index black rats, small Indian mongooses and feral cats in parrot habitat and in public-use areas in the same habitat type. We had high trap success for black rats at all sites (42% of all sites combined), among the highest reported in the world. Rat response to monitoring (nontoxic bait) blocks was universally high, regardless of ground or tree placement. Mongooses were present at all sites, with a greater proportion of plates tracked within the forest than at public-use sites. Cats were present at all forest sites and one of the public-use sites. Presence of the three species did not appear to be linked to human disturbance. Because only 30–40 Puerto Rican parrots survive in the wild, with as few as three pairs nesting in 2002, we concluded that the abundance and pervasiveness of exotic mammalian predators poses a greater threat to the parrots than has been generally acknowledged. This is evidenced by mammalian predation during recent parrot breeding seasons, including six fledglings taken by mongooses and one nest failure from rats during 2000–2003.

scholarly journals Estimating Carbon Sequestration Rates and Total Carbon Stockpile in Degraded and Non-Degraded Sites of Oak and Pine Forest of Kumaun Central Himalaya

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Jina ◽  
Pankaj Sah ◽  
M. D. Bhatt ◽  
Y. S. Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
The People ◽  
Forest Sites

We calculated the rates at which CO2 is being sequestered in two different forest types of Himalaya. For our comparative study we took the degraded and non-degraded sites of pine and oak forests in Kumaun Central Himalaya. The Van Panchayats (VPs) or Community Forests are managing the nondegraded forest sites for centuries, and from this research we have come to know that the sequestration of CO2 in these non-degraded forests is significantly greater than the degraded forests. The paper recommends the significance of community forests in both Uttarakhand and the world, and advocates that if we want to fight against global warming, we must encourage the community forests and that the people living in severe poverty in these forest areas who become the unsung heroes in the war against global warming, must be paid in lieu of saving their forests, which ultimately become the sink for increased CO2 worldwide. This business or ‘carbon trading' will indeed evolve as the panacea against the war against global warming. Key words: Carbon sequestration, community forests, Van Panchayats, green house gases, global warming, carbon trading.   doi: 10.3126/eco.v15i0.1946 ECOPRINT 15: 75-81, 2008

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