scholarly journals Países mais Transparentes são mais Democráticos?

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Silva Diniz Leroy ◽  
Antônio Carlos Brunozi Júnior ◽  
Lucimar Antônio Cabral de Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fiscal Transparency ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Local Levels

Objective: to evaluate the relationship between fiscal transparency and the degree of democracy of countries.Method: to measure the proxies, the Open Budget Index and Democracy Index indicators were used, with data from 2006 to 2019, which were evaluated through Exploratory Data Analysis, Correlation test and Chi-square test of independence.Results: in general, there is a significant, positive and strong relationship between fiscal transparency and the degree of democracy of countries, especially when countries with distinct performances are grouped together. However, this relationship can exhibit very distinct behavior, depending on the region in which the country is located.Originality/Relevance: there is a higher incidence of transparency studies at regional and local levels, to the detriment of transnational investigations. In addition, understanding transparency as a fundamental principle for the consolidation of a Democratic State, it is expected that there will be a direct relationship between the measured variables. However, we highlight the recent contradictory findings of Arapis and Reitano (2018), who found a negative relationship between these two indicators, contrary to the theory and previous literature on the subject.Theoretical/methodological contributions: as established by the literature, the findings shown here are sufficient to disagree with the conclusions of Arapis and Reitano (2018), and confirm that more democratic countries tend to have greater transparency regarding their budget information.Social contributions/for management: tax transparency is an important instrument of social control in a democratic society, however, from a certain degree of democracy, there are no significant differences in tax transparency rates between countries.

scholarly journals The Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Hospitalized Patients' Families in the Effort to Prevent COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anies Dewi Wirati Indraswari ◽  
Abdul Aziz ◽  
Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has also hit Indonesia. Until September 2020, cases continued to increase with the highest number in Jakarta. The right behavior needs to be followed to prevent COVID-19; this aspect has a strong relationship with knowledge and attitude. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of hospitalized patients' families in Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta, in an effort to prevent COVID-19. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 respondents using a self-administered questionnaire to assess their knowledge, attitude, and behavior about COVID-19. The relationship between knowledge, attitude, and behavior was analyzed using the chi-square test with p < 0.05. Results Most of the participants responded to the questionnaire showing a good knowledge, attitude, and behavior related to the efforts to prevent COVID-19. No relationship was present between knowledge, attitude, and behavior in an effort to prevent COVID-19 (p = 0.414 and p = 0.165). Conclusion The hospitalized patients' families exhibited an adequate level of knowledge, attitude, and preventive behaviors toward COVID-19.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ASPEK SOSIAL DENGAN KEPUTUSAN NELAYAN DALAM PEMASARAN HASIL PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI KABUPATEN TANJUNG JABUNG BARAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asmaida Asmaida
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Marketing Decision ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Product Marketing ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study aims to find out fishermen descrition involving :1) relationship between knowledge and product marketing decision. 2) The relation between trust and their decision in product marketing. Survey method was used in this research  on two districts selected purposively. Chi Square test was used to know the relation between knowledge and trust with . produk marketing decision, hence the relationship closeness was calculated by its contingency degree. The results of this reserch  showed: 1) there was a significantlty correlation between knowledge and product marketing decision, (χ2 (32,143)> χ2table (3,481) at α =5%), with strong relationship (0.43). 2) there was a significanttly relationship between the trush level with the . product marketing decision (χ2 (9,964) > χ2tabel (3,481) at α= 5%,, but had  less strong relationship closeness (0,255).Keywords: Knowledge Level, trush Level, Decision of Fisherman AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat : 1) Hubungan pengetahuan dengan keputusan dalam pemasaran hasil perikanan tangkap. 2) Hubungan kepercayaan dengan keputusan dalam pemasaran hasil perikanan tangkap. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei terhadap dua kecamatan di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat yang dipilih secara purposif. Dalam penelitian ini uji Chi Square, digunakan untuk melihat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan kepercayaan dengan keputusan dalam pemasaran hasil produk yang selanjutnya keeratan hubungan  dapat terlihat dengan menghitung derajat kontingensinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan : 1) terdapat hubungan yang nyata antara pengetahuan dengan keputusan dalam pemasaran hasil perikanan tangkap, dimana nilai χ2hit (32,143) > χ2tabel (3,481) pada derajat kesempurnaan 95%, dengan memiliki derajat keeratan hubungan yang kuat (0,43).  2) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kepercayaan dengan keputusan pemasaran produk dalam pemasaran hasil produk (χ2 (9,964) ≥ χ2tabel (3,481)) pada α= 5%, dengan  keeratan hubungan yang kurang kuat (0,255).Kata Kunci : Tingkat Pengetahuan, Tingkat Kepercayaan, Keputusan Nelayan Tangkap

scholarly journals The relationship between the vegetarian lacto diet and depression in the Sri Sri Jagannath Gaurangga Pasraman Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Octhovianty Palyngan ◽  
I Wayan Westa ◽  
Anak Ayu Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Ni Ketut Sri Diniari
Keyword(s):  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in society. The causes of multifactorial depression are factors: biology, psychology, and socio-culture. Diet is one of the socio-cultural stressors that is thought to cause depression. Vegetarian is one type of diet that reduces animal ingredients and prefers vegetable ingredients. A vegetarian diet is thought to prevent depression. This study aims to determine the relationship of the vegetarian lacto diet with depression in the Sri Sri Jagannath Gaurangga community in Denpasar. Material and Methods: Study participants numbered 59 people in the Sri Sri Jagannath Gaurangga Pasraman community, Denpasar City, aged 18 years or older. Research using cross sectional analytic methods. Measurement of the vegetarian lacto diet using the Indonesian version of the Mediterranean Diet Score (MedDit Score) questionnaire and depression using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively and using chi square test with significance level of <0.05. Results: The results showed an adequate vegetarian diet that was not depressed by 80% while a good vegetarian lacto diet that was not depressed by 78.8%. There was a negative significant relationship between the vegetarian lacto diet and depression in the Sri Sri Jagannath Gaurangga community of Denpasar (p=0.043). Conclusion: The prevalence of depression in the Sri Sri Jagannath Gaurangga Pasraman community in Denpasar was 20.3%. We found that there was a significant negative relationship between the vegetarian lacto diet with depression.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL PADA UMKM DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) CITARUM, KARAWANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ria Estiana ◽  
Nurul Giswi Karomah ◽  
Teddy Setiady
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Promotion Effectiveness ◽  
The Relationship

<p><em>This study aims to determine the correlation between the characteristics of followers and social media exposure on the effectiveness of promotion of MSME products carried out in the Citarum river basin, Karawang Regency through social media. The population in this study were the followers of MSME social media in 4 sub-districts in the Citarum Watershed, Karawang Regency. The sampling method used in this study is non-probability sampling and a sampling technique based on spontaneity, which means that anyone who accidentally meets their characteristics can be used as a sample (respondent). The results showed the Characteristics of Followers (X1) and Social Media Awareness (X2) had a sufficient and negative relationship, so the relationship between the two variables was that if the characteristics of followers were low, social media awareness was high and vice versa. Characteristics of Followers (X1) and Promotion Effectiveness (Y) have a strong and positive relationship. Chi square test is to see the relationship, so there is no relationship between Follower Characteristics and Promotion Effectiveness. The results of the spearman rank correlation analysis show that the correlation coefficient of Social Media Awareness (X2) and Promotion Effectiveness (Y) has a strong and positive relationship, so the relationship between the two variables is that if Social Media Awareness is high then the Promotion Effectiveness is high. Chi square testing is to see the relationship, so there is a relationship between Social Media Awareness and Promotion Effectiveness.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keyword</em></strong><em>: characteristics of followers,social media exposure, the effectiveness of promotion</em></p>

IDENTIFIKASI SERTA HUBUNGAN KONSTRUKSI SUMUR GALI TERHADAP KANDUNGAN COLIFORM PADA AIR SUMUR GALI DI DUSUN JIKEN KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Dini Yuliansari
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Variable ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
The Relationship

The well is one of the source water used for bathing, washing, and drinking by the citizens in Jiken Hamlet, Rarang Village, Terara Sub-District. Poor dug well construction conditions can affect the amount of coliform bacteria contained in the dug well water. The purpose of this study is to identify the construction of dug wells and the content of coliform bacteria in dug well water and determine the relationship between dug well construction and the content of coliform bacteria. This research is analytic with a cross sectional study design. The results were obtained from 11 samples of dug wells which were observed in construction and the coliform content was known that all samples did not requirements as good dug well construction. Coliform content test results showed that as many as 5 dug well water samples did not pass the clean water quality standards. The results of data analysis with the chi-square test variable construction of dug wells with coliform content variable  showed 0,172 > 0,05, then the concluded is the dug well not suitable to use by people in that area as a source of water for daily needs.

Hubungan antara Luas Lesi pada Foto Toraks Penderita TB Paru Dewasa yang Memiliki Riwayat Diabetes Melitus dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Ina Edwina ◽  
Rista D Soetikno ◽  
Irma H Hikmat
Keyword(s):  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence rates are increasing rapidly, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. There is a relationship between TB and DM that are very prominent, which is the prevalence of pulmonary TB with DM increased by 20 times compared with pulmonary TB without diabetes. Chest X-ray picture of TB patients with DM is atypical lesion. However, there are contradictories of pulmonary TB lesion on chest radiograph of DM patients. Nutritional status has a close relationship with the morbidity of DM, as well as TB.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the lesions of TB on the chest radiograph of patients who su?er from DM with their Body Mass Index (BMI) in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung.Material and Methods: The study was conducted in Department of Radiology RSHS Bandung between October 2014 - February 2015. We did a consecutive sampling of chest radiograph and IMT of DM patients with clinical diagnosis of TB, then the data was analysed by Chi Square test to determine the relationship between degree of lesions on chest radiograph of pulmonary TB on patients who have DM with their BMI.Results: The results showed that adult patients with active pulmonary TB with DM mostly in the range of age 51-70 years old, equal to 62.22%, with the highest gender in men, equal to 60%. Chest radiograph of TB in patients with DM are mostly seen in people who are obese, which is 40% and the vast majority of lesions are minimal lesions that is equal to 40%.Conclusions: There is a signifcant association between pulmonary TB lesion degree with BMI, with p = 0.03

Usia Resiko Tinggi dan Perdarahan Post Partum

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ani Media Harumi ◽  
Kasiati Kasiati
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of age high risk with the incidence ofbleeding post partum in dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya hospital. This research is analytic with an approachof a sectional cross. The study population was all post partum mothers in the Dr. M. Soewandhie Surabayahospital in January 2016 to March 2017, which amounts to an average of 1840respondents while theresearch sample number 182. Measuring collection sheet data obtained by systematic random sampling.The Study was conducted Chi-Square test obtained mean count X2 (0,00) is less than á (0.05) thenH0 is rejected and H1 accepted it means that there is a relationship between the age of high risk withbleeding post partum. Conclusion, there is a relationship between the age of high risk with the incidenceof bleeding post partum in the Spaceof the Maternity room Dr. Moch. Soewandhie Surabayahospital.

Association between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) during checkpoint immunotherapy.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 489-489
Author(s):  
Elie W. Akl ◽  
Pier Vitale Nuzzo ◽  
Elio Adib ◽  
Amin Nassar ◽  
Sarah Abou Alaiwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
P Values ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Radiological Data ◽  
Tumor Mutational Burden ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
The Relationship

489 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has greatly improved clinical outcomes for pts with mUC and other cancers. ICI is associated with a class of AEs, deemed irAEs due to immune activation. Nonetheless, biomarkers associated with irAE are still lacking. We hypothesized that the immune response against neoantigens is partly responsible for irAEs and investigated the association between irAEs, TMB and response to ICI. Methods: We identified patients with mUC at Dana Farber Cancer Institute who were treated with ICI (monotherapy or combination) and had available tumor sequencing data through Oncopanel. TMB was calculated using the number of non-synonymous exonic mutations per megabase. The severity of irAEs was graded using CTCAE v.5.0. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to identify association between TMB, incidence and grade of irAEs. A cut-off of 10/mb was assigned for TMB. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate the radiologic response between pts with and without irAEs and low vs. high TMB. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the relationship between TMB, irAEs and response. p-values were adjusted using Benjamini-Hochberg method. Results: Of 101 pts with mUC who met the inclusion criteria, 32 (32%) reported irAEs. 6 (6%) were grade (G)1, 20 (20%) were G2, and 6 (6%) were G3. Median(m) time on therapy was 84 days for pts without irAEs and 88 days for pts with irAEs. Pts with irAEs had higher mTMB (15.4/mb) compared to pts with no irAEs (9.8) ( p = 0.01). In pts on monotherapy (93), those with irAEs (n=27) had a higher mTMB (15.13/mb) compared to pts with no irAEs (n=66) (mTMB = 10.20/mb) ( p = 0.01). Out of 94 pts with radiological data, response was achieved in 16 (50%) pts with irAE vs 10 (16%) pts with no irAE ( p < 0.001). When both irAE and response were included in a multivariable regression, the association between irAE and TMB was not significant ( p = 0.4). Pts with both irAE and high TMB had a response rate of 56% which was significantly higher than those with either irAE but low TMB (28.6%) or high TMB but no irAE (21.2 %) or low TMB and no irAE (10.3%) (Chi-square test p = 0.002; FDR corrected p-values for individual comparisons in Table). There was no association between TMB and irAE grade. Conclusions: Higher TMB was associated with higher incidence of irAEs in pts with mUC on ICIs. Moreover, pts with both high TMB and irAEs exhibited better response rates than those with only high TMB or irAEs, suggesting that they may provide complementary tumor and host characteristics. Further evaluation in mUC is needed to confirm this relationship between TMB, irAEs and response in a larger cohort and explore specific mutational signatures that may be associated with irAEs. [Table: see text]

A Cross Sectional Analysis of Tourism Development and Social Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Tauseef AMAN ◽  
Mussawar SHAH ◽  
Humera JAMAL ◽  
Younas KHAN ◽  
Muhammad ARIF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

The major objective of this study was to measure the association between various interventions and Chitral Gole National Park (CGNP) role in preservation of bio-diversity and socio-economic uplift. A sample size of 346 respondents was randomly selected from total population of 3326 from the 4 selected villages on the basis of close proximity. A conceptual framework including dependent variable social development and independent variable tourism development were taken. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, Chi-square test was applied to know the relationship between dependent and independent variables at bi-variate level. In bi-variate analysis a highly significant (P=0.000) relation was found between CGNP is main source of promoting tourism in Chitral,tourists do any impacts upon local community in terms of increased business activities, local culture is safeguarded despite influx of tourists in the area, tourism produced employment opportunities, and social development. Qualitative data supported the empirical findings, however tourism brings economic opportunities at micro and macro level, but unfortunately CGNP is not as satisfactory regarding generating income since its establishment. The government should ensure to make such polices pertaining to the entrance fee, provides accommodation services on payment to the tourists and to reserve the entrance fee or any other form of taxes to ensure CGNP to spend on self-sustaining basis by ensuring refinement in the procedures as well.

Analysis of the Relationship between Currency Redenomination and Financial Transaction Costs in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Hassana Aliyu MOHAMMED ◽  
◽  
Abdurrahman ISIK ◽  
Paul Terhemba IOREMBER ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
User Costs ◽  
Inflationary Pressure ◽  
Cash Payment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

The study analyses the relationship between currency redenomination and financial sector transaction costs in Nigeria using a sample of 200 respondents from ten financial institutions. Applying the Chi-square test, the study reveals that high currency redenomination removes wasteful transactions removes user costs (difficulties arising from memorizing, calculating and carrying large sum of lowest denominations: coins and smaller notes). The results also show that currency redenomination influences inflationary pressure and currency liberalization in Nigeria. Based on the findings the study recommends the introduction of currency redenomination to facilitate the consumers' cash payment and reduce the cost incurred by producers and issuing authorities, and also make payment system more efficient and effective.

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