scholarly journals In vitro, antioxidant activities of aqueous and methanol roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces extracts from two localities in Cameroon

Author(s):  
Ghislain Maffo Tazoho ◽  
Esther Etengeneng Agbor ◽  
Inocent Gouado

Background: Fighting against malnutrition and diseases such as oxidative stress diseases via a food-based approach could be achieved through identification, valorization, and promotion of local foods rich in macro- and micronutrients and phytochemical components. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of agro-ecological conditions on the antioxidant capacity of the Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous and methanol calyces extracts. Material and methods: The total phenolic content, the free radical DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities were evaluated in aqueous and methanol Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces extract samples from two localities (Dschang [western highland zone] and Ngaoundéré [high Guinean savanna zone]) in Cameroon. Results: The results obtained showed that these extracts contain an important amount of total phenolic compounds with no significant difference (P>0.05) between aqueous and methanol extracts and also between the origins of calyces. The extracts showed their ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ as well as their ability to reduce the free radical, DPPH•. Concerning the FRAP results, at the concentration of 12.5µg/mL, the absorbance of AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) recorded the value (0.33±0.05) meanwhile at a far higher concentration of 200 µg/mL, the absorbance of MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) was the highest (1.39±0.06). The CI50 of methanol extracts was significantly low (P<0.05) compared to that of aqueous extracts. The value ranges were 11.31±0.15, 14.69±0.84, 18.07±0.63, 20.50±0.54, and 21.50±0.54 µg/mL for ascorbic acid, MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), MED (Methanol Extract from Dschang locality), AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), and AED (Aqueous Extract from Dschang locality) respectively. Conclusion: These findings show that the antioxidant activity of methanol extract is higher than that of aqueous extract. Hibiscus calyces from the two localities could be used as a natural antioxidant in the treatment of oxidative stress diseases. Keywords: Roselle calyces, aqueous and methanol extracts, antioxidant capacity.

Author(s):  
Ghislain Maffo Tazoho ◽  
Esther Etengeneng Agbor ◽  
Inocent Gouado

Background: Fighting against malnutrition and diseases such as oxidative stress diseases via a food-based approach could be achieved through identification, valorization, and promotion of local foods rich in macro- and micronutrients and phytochemical components. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of agro-ecological conditions on the antioxidant capacity of the Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous and methanol calyces extracts. Material and methods: The total phenolic content, the free radical DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities were evaluated in aqueous and methanol Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces extract samples from two localities (Dschang [western highland zone] and Ngaoundéré [high Guinean savanna zone]) in Cameroon. Results: The results obtained showed that these extracts contain an important amount of total phenolic compounds with no significant difference (P>0.05) between aqueous and methanol extracts and also between the origins of calyces. The extracts showed their ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ as well as their ability to reduce the free radical, DPPH•. Concerning the FRAP results, at the concentration of 12.5µg/mL, the absorbance of AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) recorded the value (0.33±0.05) meanwhile at a far higher concentration of 200 µg/mL, the absorbance of MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) was the highest (1.39±0.06). The CI50 of methanol extracts was significantly low (P<0.05) compared to that of aqueous extracts. The value ranges were 11.31±0.15, 14.69±0.84, 18.07±0.63, 20.50±0.54, and 21.50±0.54 µg/mL for ascorbic acid, MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), MED (Methanol Extract from Dschang locality), AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), and AED (Aqueous Extract from Dschang locality) respectively. Conclusion: These findings show that the antioxidant activity of methanol extract is higher than that of aqueous extract. Hibiscus calyces from the two localities could be used as a natural antioxidant in the treatment of oxidative stress diseases. Keywords: Roselle calyces, aqueous and methanol extracts, antioxidant capacity.


Author(s):  
Fatma Ergün

In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of hexane and methanol extracts of Cotoneaster transcaucasicus Pojark. fruits in the Rosaceae family were investigated. Using the Folin-Ciocaltaeu method, the amount of phenolic substances was determined as 50.34 ± 2.70 mg of GAE/g in methanol extract and 38.06 ± 1.32 mg of GAE/g in hexane extract. The total amount of flavonoids was calculated as 52.01 ± 3.78 mg of QE/g in the methanol extract and 60.54 ± 6.82 mg of QE/g in the hexane extract, using the aluminum nitrate method. Antioxidant activities of C. transcaucasicus hexane and methanol extracts were evaluated by DPPH and FRAP methods. IC50 values of the extracts were calculated as 0.411 mg/mL for hexane extract and 0.237 mg/mL for methanol extract. In addition, it was determined that the reducing antioxidant power of Fe3+-Fe2+ was higher in hexane extract. As a result, it has been observed that the phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of C. transcaucasicus fruits are high. This study is the first study in C. transcaucasicus species and it is thought that it will lead the future studies.


2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
FO Adetuyi ◽  
KO Karigidi ◽  
ES Akintimehin ◽  
ON Adeyemo

In vitro antioxidative and anti-lipid peroxidative properties of aqueous and methanol extracts of Ageratum conyzoides leaves were studied in controlling erectile dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. Methanol extract gave a significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher content of total phenolic (61.4 mgGAE/g), total flavonoid (42.2 mgQE/g), ascorbic (10.1 mgAAE/100g) and phosphomolybdate (45.8 mgAAE/g) than the aqueous extract. The result showed that the extracts have high antioxidant activities. However, the methanol extract showed a higher DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities over aqueous extract but the aqueous extract had a higher reducing power. The methanol extract exhibited a greater inhibition against lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ in rat pancreas and penile tissue homogenate exemplified by their least IC50 (94.21 μg/ml in pancreas) and (75.95 μg/mL in penile tissue) while in rat brain homogenate the aqueous extract exhibited a greater inhibition against lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ with least IC50 of 91.74 μg/mL. Hence, these extracts can be used as a potent natural antioxidant against free radicals and as a natural source of combating erectile dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. The extracts of Ageratum conyzoides leaves could be useful therapeutically as erectogenic agent.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 265-276, 2018


2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masturah Markom ◽  
Norsyamimi Hassim ◽  
Nurina Anuar ◽  
Syarul Nataqain Baharum

This study evaluated the biological activity (antioxidant assay) of Polygonum minus extracted using Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) added with different types of co-solvents. The seven co-solvents employed were water, methanol, ethanol, 50% methanol, 50% ethanol, 70% methanol and 70% ethanol for selection of the best co-solvent prior to optimization of SFE. 70% methanol produced the highest total yield of extract (33.1%) compared to other co-solvents. The antioxidant capacity was then evaluated using four different assays: the total phenolic content (TP), the total flavonoid content (TF), the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and the free radical-scavenging capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The highest TP and TF were from 70% methanol extract (11.2 ± 0.15 mg GAE/g sample (mg GAE/g) and 11.9 ± 0.03 mg CAE/g sample (mg CEQ/g) respectively). 70% metanol extract also showed the highest FRAP value (346.7 ± 0.66 µmol Fe (II)/g sample) and the highest percentage of DPPH radical inhibition was also shown by 70% methanol extract (88.7 ± 0.40%). There was a positive correlation between the antioxidant capacity (FRAP and DPPH) with those of TP and TF contents. Therefore, the best co-solvent chosen for further optimization of SFE is 70% methanol.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ruth Edwige Kemadjou Dibacto ◽  
Boris Ronald Tonou Tchuente ◽  
Maxwell Wandji Nguedjo ◽  
Yves Martial Tongue Tientcheu ◽  
Emilienne Carine Nyobe ◽  
...  

Fruit peels are increasingly being used as functional foods nowadays. Peelings of twelve varieties of Persea americana fruits consumed in Cameroon were investigated for their phenolic compounds (polyphenols and flavonoids) using three solvents systems, water, ethanol: water (50 : 50 v / v ), and ethanol, and antioxidant activity using total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging methods. Total polyphenol, flavonoids, and antioxidant potential of the peels significantly varied with P. americana variety and also with the extraction solvents in the order ethanol > ethanol: water > water. Total phenolic content varied from 2407 (Fuerte florid) to 673 (Semil) mg GAE/g DM, respectively, while flavonoids varied from 986 to 119 mg QE/g DM for Fuerte florid and Hickson varieties, respectively. TAC, respectively, varied between 132.87 and 126.85 mg AAE/g DM with Hass and Semil varieties, respectively. The highest DPPH scavenging capacity was recorded for the ethanolic extract with Lula (86.33%) and the least for the aqueous extract with the Semil (30.11%) variety. With FRAP, the highest capacity was obtained with hydroethanolic extract of Fuerte florid (0.43 mg AAE/g DM) and the least for aqueous extract with the Semil (0.269 mg AAE/g DM) variety. In conclusion, varieties of avocado peels are a good source of antioxidants. Solvent extraction significantly affected the concentration of bioactive compounds but not the potency of the antioxidants. A weakly positive correlation but not significant between the quantity of polyphenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity of avocado peelings was obtained in this study.


2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dil Prakash Giri ◽  
Meena Rajbhandari

 Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and 50 % aqueous methanol extracts of leaf, flower and fruit of Melastoma malabathricum were screened for the presence of different classes of phytochemicals. In phytochemical screening, ethyl acetate, methanol and 50 % aqueous methanol extracts showed the presence of phenolics and flavonoids. Glycosides were found only in the 50 % methanol extract of fruit. Free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract of leaf, flower and fruit was determined using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. Total phenolic content was measured spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu, total flavonoids content by using aluminum chloride and total sugar content by using anthrone reagent. Gallic acid was used as a standard for the calibration of phenolics, catechin for flavonoids and glucose for carbohydrates. The highest amount of phenolic was found in the 50 % methanol extract of leaf (242.88 ± 3.52 mg GAE/g extract), the highest amount of flavonoids was found in the ethyl acetate extract of leaf (127.41 ± 6.33 mg CE/g extract). Total sugar in 50 % methanol extract of fruit was found to be 151.12 ± 8.79 mg GE/g extract. Methanol extracts of flower showed the strongest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 17.23 μg/ml. Silyl derivative of hexane extracts were prepared by using N-methyl-N-(trimetylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide for gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic (GC-MS) analysis. The GC-MS analysis of hexane extract allowed the identification of 17 phyto-constituents by comparing the fragmentation pattern of each component in mass spectrum with the standard NIST mass spectral database.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 364-374
Author(s):  
Omorede Ikponmwosa-Eweka ◽  
Eromosele I. Austin ◽  
Nkeiruka Eluehike ◽  
Kissinger Obasogie Orumwensodia

Oxidative stress is an underlying pathological state in cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Medicinal plants are considered to be potential remedies for attenuating oxidative stress in these pathologies because they possess antioxidants. Thus, the quantity and activity of antioxidants in Alchornia cordifolia and Corchorus olitorius methanol leave extracts were evaluated in this study using phytochemical screening, 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)free radical-scavenging ability, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power assays. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed that the two plant extracts had alkaloids, saponins, reducing sugar, terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins. While the quantitative phytochemical test revealed a greater presence of total flavonoids and proanthocyanidins (p<0.05) in Corchorus olitorius methanol extract compared to A. cordifolia methanol extract. Contrastingly, the quantities of total tannins and phenols were higher in Alchornia cordifolia methanol extract than in Corhorus olitorius extract. The capacity of Alchornia cordifolia to mop up DPPH (IC50= 0.01μg/mL) was greater than that of ascorbic acid (IC50= 0.055μg/mL) and C. olitorius extract (IC50= 33.10μg/mL) respectively. Ferric reducing potential of C. olitorius (479.80μM Fe(II)/g and A. cordifolia methanol extracts(510 μM Fe(II)/g) were significantly lower (p<0.05) than what was obtained for ascorbic acid (1005μM Fe(II)/g). A. cordifolia methanol extract demonstrated higher reducing power than C. olitorius methanol extract at identical concentrations. Our findings indicated that Alchornia cordifolia could be used as a rich source of antioxidants to alleviate oxidative stress underlying many chronic diseases. Keywords: Alchornia cordifolia, Corchorus olitorius, phytochemicals, antioxidants


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6-S) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Lateef Adegboyega Sulaimon ◽  
Fausat Kikelomo Ola-Mudathir ◽  
Bunyamin Alhassan Abdullahi ◽  
Ahmad Ila Mukhtar ◽  
Efere Martins Obuotor

Many medicinal plants have been reported to exhibit protective effects against many physiological diseases as a result of their phytochemical components which are effective antioxidants. This study was aimed at comparing the phenolic and flavonoids contents, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanol extract of Jatropha curcas seeds and leaves. The cytotoxicity level of J. curcas was assessed using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). The antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide scavenging activities, 2, 2’-azino-bis-(3 ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) + scavenging activities and total antioxidant capacity. The total flavonoids and total phenols content (TPC) were carried out using aluminum chloride and Folin-Ciocalteu assay respectively. The results showed that J. curcas leaves have significant higher phenolic and flavonoids contents than the seeds. The total antioxidant capacity and FRAP were also significantly higher in the leaves than the seeds of J. curcas. Furthermore, the DPPH, ABTS and Nitric oxide scavenging activities were significantly higher in the leaves than the seeds. The J. curcas leaves have a higher LD50 than the seeds.  In conclusion, this study suggests the antioxidant potency as well as the safety of the crude methanol extract of the leaves of J. curcas over the seeds. Keywords:  Jatropha curcas, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, flavonoids, brine shrimp lethality test, total phenolic compounds


2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-351
Author(s):  
A. Anjum ◽  
M. A. Sikder ◽  
M. R. Haque ◽  
C. M. Hasan ◽  
M. A. Rashid

The organic soluble extractives of three Bridelia species, B. verrucosa, B. stipularis and B. tomentosa growing in Bangladesh were subjected to screening for free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. All of the methanol extracts of the these plants and their kupchan fractions showed moderate to strong free radical scavenging activity, the total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content, of which the methanol extract of the leaf of B. verrucosa revealed highest activity having IC50 value of 6.35 ?g/ml. All the extractives of three plants were also studied for their thrombolytic potential. Among the three plants the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction and methanol extract of leaf and aqueous soluble fraction of bark of B. tomentosa, methanol extract of bark of B. stipularis and carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of leaf of B. verrucosa exhibited highest thrombolytic activity with clot lysis value of 41.46%, 34.85%, 37.04%, 36.45% and 33.72%, respectively. Standard streptokinase was used as positive control which exhibited 61.50% lysis of clot while the negative control water revealed 2.56% lysis of clot.Keywords: Antioxidant; Free radical scavenging; Total antioxidant capacity; Phenolic content; Thrombolytic activity; Bridelia.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i2.13568        J. Sci. Res. 5 (2), 343-351 (2013)


Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yili Hong ◽  
Zening Wang ◽  
Colin J. Barrow ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea ◽  
Hafiz A. R. Suleria

Stone fruits, including peach (Prunus persica L.), nectarine (Prunus nucipersica L.), plum (Prunus domestica L.) and apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) are common commercial fruits in the market. However, a huge amount of stone fruits waste is produced throughout the food supply chain during picking, handling, processing, packaging, storage, transportation, retailing and final consumption. These stone fruits waste contain high phenolic content which are the main contributors to the antioxidant potential and associated health benefits. The antioxidant results showed that plum waste contained higher concentrations of total phenolic content (TPC) (0.94 ± 0.07 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (0.34 ± 0.01 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g), while apricot waste contained a higher concentration of total tannin content (TTC) (0.19 ± 0.03 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g) and DPPH activity (1.47 ± 0.12 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/g). However, nectarine waste had higher antioxidant capacity in ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) (0.98 ± 0.02 mg AAE/g) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (0.91 ± 0.09 mg AAE/g) assays, while peach waste showed higher antioxidant capacity in 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay (0.43 ± 0.09 mg AAE/g) as compared to other stone fruits waste. Qualitative and quantitative phenolic analysis of Australian grown stone fruits waste were conducted by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) and HPLC-photodiode array detection (PDA). The LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS result indicates that 59 phenolic compounds were tentatively characterized in peach (33 compounds), nectarine (28), plum (38) and apricot (23). The HPLC-PDA indicated that p-hydroxybenzoic acid (18.64 ± 1.30 mg/g) was detected to be the most dominant phenolic acid and quercetin (19.68 ± 1.38 mg/g) was the most significant flavonoid in stone fruits waste. Hence, it could be concluded that stone fruit waste contains various phenolic compounds and have antioxidant potential. The results could support the applications of these stone fruit wastes in other food, feed, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.


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