scholarly journals Rumen degradation characteristics of two tropical forages supplemented with monensin in the rumen of N’dama Steer

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
R. Y. Aderinboye
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Reduction Effect

Rumen degradation characteristics of Panicum maximum and Gmelina arborea forages in response to monensin supplementation were studied in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment using an Ndama fistulated steer. Monensin had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the soluble fraction 'a' of nutrients but showed reductions (P<0.05) in the degradable fractions b' of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre at 30 and 45 mg/kg DM supplementation levels relative to the control. These reductions were within the range of 45.76 - 49.52, 37.88 - 43.57, 44.60 - 45.31 and 45.18 - 46.85% for DM, CP, NDF and ADF, respectively. The potenti al degradation 'p' of DM, NDF, and ADF reduced (P<0.05) at 30 and 45 mg/kg DM while p' for CP reduced at 45 mg/kg DM. Forage type had significant effect (P<0.05) on nutrient degradation with Panicum maximum having lower nutrient degradation characteristics values than those of Gmelina arborea. While monens resulted in reduced nutrient degradation from Panicum maximum at 30 and 45 mg/kg DM, reduction in nutrients degradation from Gmelina arborea was observed only at 45 mg/kg DM. Comparatively, at similar levels of 15, 30 and 45 mg of monensin/kg DM, Panicum maximum had lower (P<0.05) degradation values to those observed for Gmelina arborea. The reduction effect of monensin on nutrient degradation from both forages suggests an inhibition of microbial digestion. This could increase rumen fill, reduce ruminal outflow rate and possibly increase the proportion of un-degradable proteins leaving the rumen for the lower tract. The particular level of monensin supplementation at which such reductions would occur depends on forage type  Keywords: , , .

Ruminal degradability of mixtures of Panicum maximum and four forage legume hays in N 'dama steer

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-257
Author(s):  
F. T. Ajayi ◽  
O. J. Babayemi ◽  
A. A. Taiwo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Herbaceous Legumes ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

This study was conducted to evaluate rumen degradability of Panicum maximum (Panicum) and Lablab purpureus (lablab). Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo). Centrosema pubescens (centro) and Aeschynomene histrix (histrix) harvested from the paddock consisting of grass and herbaceous legumes. Mixtures of P marimum (l. 8g) and each of these legumes (l.2g) were weighed together and incubated in a cannulated steer. Rumen degradability of the Panicum and legume mixtures were studied at 0, 6, 12. 24. 48 and 72 hours using the equation P=a+b (I-e-ct). Average dry matter (DM) and crude protein of the herbaceous legumes were 37.83% DM and 19.86% CP. respectively The soluble fraction. a ofthe DM degradation ranged from 23.34 to 31 rumen degradable fraction, b ranged from 39 46 to 44.43% DM. disappearance rate of substrates C was highest in lablab (12.4%h-1) and stylo (10.2%h-1) Protein degradation characteristics varied significantly (P< 0.05) among the treatments Hlgher b Potential degradability PD and Effective degradability ED. fractions were observed in the sole legumes and grass legumes combinations than the sole grass. This study revealed that hay consisting of grass and legume mixtures was better degraded in terms of DM.CP and fiber fractions in the rumen compared to sole grass hay and this could translate to enhance performance of livestock when fed these mixtures.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of sugarcane silages with different bacterial additives and fermentation periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivone Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Francirose Shigaki ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Paula Ribeiro Jesus ◽  
Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
B Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fermentation Period

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of sugarcane silage with or without inoculation with P. acidipropionici or L. buchneri, over three fermentation periods. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 3 inoculant by fermentation period factorial arrangement (without inoculant, inoculant 1, inoculant 2; x three fermentation periods, 10, 60, 90 days). Values of pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM) and lignin were determined and in situ DM degradability profiles were modelled for parameters a, b and c, potential degradation (A) and effective degradability (ED). The 90 day fermentation yielded a lower pH for both inoculants. There was an interaction between inoculant and fermentation period (P < 0.05) for DM content, with a reduction in silage DM without the additive at 90 days. The CP, HEM, ADF and lignin contents of sugarcane were not influenced by the treatments. The addition of P. acidipropionici provided the lowest NDF content at 10 days and presented a higher fraction a, potential degradation and ED. At 60 days, there was no variation in soluble fraction, the control silage showed a higher fraction b, higher potential degradation and ED. At 90 days of fermentation, L. buchneri silages presented a higher fraction a, degradation rate and DE and a higher b value was obtained in the silage without inoculant. Inoculants are effective in maintaining the silage DM content and nutritional value during prolonged fermentation periods.

Rumen degradation of straw 9. Effect of cellulase and ammonia treatment on different varieties of rice straws and their botanical fractions

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nakashima ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

ABSTRACTThe composition and degradability of four varieties of rice straw were examined. The varieties were tall or short and early or late maturing. The straws and their botanical parts (leaf blade plus leaf sheath, internode, node and chaff) varied in acid-detergent fibre, ash and silica contents, but not in nitrogen and neutral-detergent fibre. There were some trends but no significant difference in proportions of parts between varieties. Milled samples of whole straw and its parts were either untreated, treated with a cellulase preparation plus propionic acid, treated with ammonia, or treated with cellulase then ammonia. Rumen degradability was measured by incubating the samples in polyester bags suspended in the rumen of sheep. The soluble fraction and potential degradability were greater in untreated short and early than in tall and late varieties, but rates of degradation did not vary significantly. Internode was more degradable than leaf. Cellulase and/or ammonia treatments increased the soluble fraction, especially in tall and late varieties, and increased potential degradabiiity except in internode. Degradability correlated positively with ash and silica contents.

Prediction of the true metabolizable energy concentration in forages for ruminants

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Dewhurst ◽  
A. J. F. Webster ◽  
F. W. Wainman ◽  
P. J. S. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Chemical Description

ABSTRACTA model has been developed to predict the true metabolizable energy (ME,) concentration in forages given to ruminants.The chemical description of forages is based on the concentrations of ash, crude protein, ether extract, sugars and α-glycans, β-glycans and lignin, volatile fatty acids and lactic acid. The model assumes complete fermentation of sugars, α-glycans and lactic acid. The extent of fermentation of β-glycans and crude protein is determined in part by rumen solid-phase outflow rate, which can itself be predicted from dry-matter intake.The model was tested using 121 graminaceous forages whose chemical composition and concentration of metabolizable energy had been measured in the Feedingstuffs Evaluation Unit at the Rowett Research Institute. The agreement between observed and predicted ME, for all classes of forage was nearly always as good as, or better than, the best prediction from single attributes of food chemistry which could only be determined retrospectively and were not consistent even within classes of forage. The model predicts a decline in ME, with increasing rumen solid-phase outflow rate which is determined mainly by the extent of fermentation of β-glycans.

The effect of forage type and host animal diet on the in situ rumen degradation of grass silage and pea/wheat bi-crops containing different pea varieties

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 87-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Salawu ◽  
A.T. Adesogan ◽  
R.J. Dewhurst
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Animal Diet

Compared to grass silage, pea/wheat bi-crops produce higher dry matter (DM) yields, higher feed intakes and nitrogen (N) retention (Adesogan et al., 2000). The improved performance of animals fed bi-crops may be due to a postulated synchronous supply of readily fermentable energy and protein for ruminal microbial protein synthesis. This study attempted to validate this theory by measuring the rumen degradability of grass silages and pea/wheat bi-crop silages containing different pea varieties. To determine if grass silage-fed animals could be used to determine the degradability of bi-crops, the effect of host animal diet on rumen degradation was also examined.

scholarly journals Produtividade e valor nutritivo de gramíneas tropicais em monocultivo e em consórcio com milho na segunda safra

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2517
Author(s):  
Armindo Neivo Kichel ◽  
Luis Carlos Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Roberto Giolo de Almeida ◽  
José Alexandre Agiova da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Randomized Block Design

This study aimed to assess productivity and nutritional value of the tropical grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã, Xaraés, and Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, and B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy in the interseason of an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system since alternatives are needed for forage production for animal grazing in Autumn and Winter. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split-split plot scheme with four replications. The treatments of plots consisted of five grasses, subplots consisted of three cropping systems (monoculture, intercropping with corn and unsuppressed grass, and intercropped with corn and suppressed grass), and sub-subplots consisted of four cutting intervals of grasses (50, 90, 125, and 195 days after emergence - DAE). The experiment was carried out from February to September 2014. Dry matter (DM) productivity, obtained at 195 DAE for the three cropping systems (monoculture grass, unsuppressed and suppressed grass in intercropping), were 18.45, 7.15, and 3.05 t ha?1, respectively, and average crude protein contents of leaf blades of grasses decreased linearly between the cutting intervals of 50 to 195 DAE from 19.95 to 9.70%, respectively. Under integrated systems, the studied grasses showed better yields and nutritional quality when compared to traditional grazing systems. Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés and Piatã had the highest leaf and crude protein yields when compared to Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. In terms of nutritional value, Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy was superior to Mombaça and Xaraés grasses but had lower total dry matter yield. Finally, Xaraés, Piatã and Mombaça grasses are recommended choices ICL systems when fodder grass production is the goal.

Effect of altitudinal gradient on yield and quality of sub-alpine meadow on the Xiaowutai Mountain in northern China

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-kui Dong, Yuan Jiang ◽  
Quan-ru Liu ◽  
Xiao-xia Huang
Keyword(s):  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Summer Grazing

Herbage yield increased with elevation from 2200 to 2600 m and then declined until 2800 m. Altitude did not affect herbage fat, acid detergent fibre, calcium or sulphur concentrations, but did influence herbage organic matter, crude protein and phosphorus concentrations. It is recommended that livestock should be rotationally grazed along an altitudinal gradient on Xiaowutai Mountain to meet their dry matter (DM) and nutrients requirements in summer grazing systems. Key words: Herbage biomass, crude protein, acid detergent fibre, minerals

Effect of adding lignosulfonate and heat to canola screenings on ruminal and intestinal disappearance of dry matter and crude protein

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk ◽  
E. Weurding ◽  
Mary Lou Swift ◽  
C. F. Wright ◽  
J. A. Shelford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of adding 5% calcium lignosulfonate (LSO3) and heat to canola screenings on in situ ruminal and intestinal dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) disappearance in Holstein cows was investigated. Treatments consisted of untreated canola screenings, canola screenings that had been heated to 100 °C for 30 or 60 min and canola screenings that had 5% (wt wt−1) LSO3 added and were subsequently heated at 100 °C for 0, 30 or 60 min. Results indicate that treatment of canola screenings with 5% LSO3 and heated to 100 °C for 60 min was effective in reducing rumen degradation of DM and CP with a corresponding increase in disappearance in the lower gastrointestinal tract when compared to untreated and heat-treated canola screenings. Key words: Canola screenings, rumen by-pass protein, heat treatment, lignosulfonate

Nutritional values for 17 subtropical grasses

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Milford
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Natural Pasture

The nutritional values of 17 subtropical grasses have been compared with the use of crude protein content, crude protein digestibility, nitrogen balance, dry matter intake, and dry matter digestibility as criteria. Under the experimental conditions at the Cooper Laboratory, differences in nutritional values were obtained between individual subtropical grasses, the main differences being in digestible C.P. contents and in dry matter intakes. When mature and frost-affected grasses were fed to sheep, Paspalum plicatulum (C.P.I. 11826) and Cenchrus ciliaris (West Australian strain) had the highest nutritional values, and were superior to Panicum maximum var. trichoglume, Cenchrus ciliaris (C.P.I. 6934), Paspalum plicatulum (C.P.I. 2741), and Urochloa pullulans. These four were, in turn, better than Chloris gayana (commercial strain) and Paspalum commersonii. All grasses tested had higher nutritional values than mature natural pasture. All grasses which were fed to sheep at a young leafy stage of growth had high nutritional values. Those with the best performances at this stage were Paspalum plicatulum (C.P.I. 11826 and C.P.I. 2741), Panicum maximum var. trichoglume, and Paspahm commersonii. Limited data are presented on the nutritional values of Paspalum notatum (four strains), Paspalum malacophyllum, Panicum minus, Panicum coloratum, and Pennisetum purpureum.

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