A Review On Low-Cost Adsorbents For Cadmium Pollutant Removal From Industrial Effluents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 21051627-21051627
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Pollutant Removal

scholarly journals Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of biochar for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Ambaye ◽  
M. Vaccari ◽  
E. D. van Hullebusch ◽  
A. Amrane ◽  
S. Rtimi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Temperature Solution

AbstractCurrently, due to the rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization in developing countries, a large volume of wastewater is produced from industries that contain chemicals generating high environmental risks affecting human health and the economy if not treated properly. Consequently, the development of a sustainable low-cost wastewater treatment approach has attracted more attention of policymakers and scientists. The present review highlights the recent applications of biochar in removing organic and inorganic pollutants present in industrial effluents. The recent modes of preparation, physicochemical properties and adsorption mechanisms of biochar in removing organic and inorganic industrial pollutants are also reviewed comprehensively. Biochar showed high adsorption of industrial dyes up to 80%. It also discusses the recent application and mechanism of biochar-supported photocatalytic materials for the degradation of organic contaminants in wastewater. We reviewed also the possible optimizations (such as the pyrolysis temperature, solution pH) allowing the increase of the adsorption capabilities of biochar leading to organic contaminants removal. Besides, increasing the pyrolysis temperature of the biochar was seen to lead to an increase in its surface area, while it decreases their amount of oxygen-containing functional groups, consequently leading to a decrease in the adsorption of metal (loid) ions present in the medium. Finally, the review suggests that more research should be carried out to optimize the main parameters involved in biochar production and its regeneration methods. Future efforts should be also carried out towards process engineering to improve its adsorption capacity to increase the economic benefits of its implementation.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Synthetic Sulfur Pollutants in Petroleum Fractions under Different pH and Photocatalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Alif Hakimi Hamdan ◽  
◽  
Nur Hanis Hayati Hairom ◽  
Nurhafisza Zaiton ◽  
Zawati Harun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Petroleum Fraction ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Petroleum Fractions

Thiophene is one of the sulfur compounds in the petroleum fraction that can be harmful to living things and lead to a critical effect on the ecosystem. Photocatalytic degradation is one of the promising methods in treating wastewater as it can mineralization of pollutants into carbon dioxide and water. Other than that, this method is non-toxic and relatively low cost. The production of hydroxyl radicals playing a vital role in the degradation of organic pollutants. It has been claimed that the usage of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles could give an excellent degradation process as this photocatalyst have high photosensitivity, low cost and chemically stable. However, the preparation method of ZnO nanoparticles will affect the agglomeration, particle size, shape and morphology of particles and lead to influence the photocatalytic activity in degrading thiophene. Therefore, this study focused on the effectiveness of ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of fibrous nanosilica (KCC-1) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the capping agent to degrade synthetic thiophene. ZnO/KCC-1 had been synthesized via the precipitation method and characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The chemical bond and nature of the photocatalyst from the FTIR results proved that the synthesis process to produce the ZnO/KCC-1 was succeed. The large surface area of KCC-1 increases the effectiveness of ZnO which is supported by the experimental data. Accordingly, the optimum condition for photocatalytic degradation of thiophene is under pH 7 by using ZnO/KCC-1 as photocatalyst. Hence, it is believed that this research could be implemented to remove the thiophene in petroleum fraction from the actual industrial effluents and this can preserve nature in the future.

scholarly journals Effects of selection and compiling strategy of substrates in column-type vertical-flow constructed wetlands on the treatment of synthetic landfill leachate containing bisphenol A

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajani Ghaju Shrestha ◽  
Daisuke Inoue ◽  
Michihiko Ike
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Synthetic Leachate

Abstract A constructed wetland (CW) is a low-cost, eco-friendly, easy-to-maintain, and widely applicable technology for treating various pollutants in the waste landfill leachate. This study determined the effects of the selection and compiling strategy of substrates used in CWs on the treatment performance of a synthetic leachate containing bisphenol A (BPA) as a representative recalcitrant pollutant. We operated five types of lab-scale vertical-flow CWs using only gravel (CW1), a sandwich of gravel with activated carbon (CW2) or brick crumbs (CW3), and two-stage hybrid CWs using gravel in one column and activated carbon (CW4) or brick crumbs (CW5) in another to treat synthetic leachate containing BPA in a 7-d sequential batch mode for 5 weeks. CWs using activated carbon (CW2 and CW4) effectively removed ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) (99–100%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (93–100%), and BPA (100%), indicating that the high adsorption capacity of activated carbon was the main mechanism involved in their removal. CW5 also exhibited higher pollutant removal efficiencies (NH4-N: 94–99%, COD: 89–98%, BPA: 89–100%) than single-column CWs (CW1 and CW3) (NH4-N: 76–100%, COD: 84–100%, BPA: 51–100%). This indicates the importance of the compiling strategy along with the selection of an appropriate substrate to improve the pollutant removal capability of CWs.

scholarly journals Pollutant removal from municipal sewage by a microaerobic up-flow oxidation ditch coupled with micro-electrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-dong Zhao ◽  
Qiang Lin ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Yu-hong Feng ◽  
Qi-mei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Important Challenge

The development of efficient and low-cost wastewater treatment processes remains an important challenge. A microaerobic up-flow oxidation ditch (UOD) with micro-electrolysis by waterfall aeration was designed for treating real municipal wastewater. The effects of influential factors such as up-flow rate, waterfall height, reflux ratio, number of stages and iron dosing on pollutant removal were fully investigated, and the optimum conditions were obtained. The elimination efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) reached up to 84.33 ± 2.48%, 99.91 ± 0.09%, 93.63 ± 0.60% and 89.27 ± 1.40%, respectively, while the effluent concentrations of COD, NH 4 + -N, TN and TP were 20.67 ± 2.85, 0.02 ± 0.02, 1.39 ± 0.09 and 0.27 ± 0.02 mg l −1 , respectively. Phosphorous removal was achieved by iron–carbon micro-electrolysis to form an insoluble ferric phosphate precipitate. The microbial community structure indicated that carbon and nitrogen were removed via multiple mechanisms, possibly including nitrification, partial nitrification, denitrification and anammox in the UOD.

scholarly journals Removal of orthophosphates in water by modified carbonate material of biological origin

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tadeu Gomes Vianna ◽  
Marcia Marques
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
P Removal

The excessive release of phosphorus (P) by discharge of domestic and industrial effluents is directly associated with the eutrophication of water bodies. Therefore, an efficient removal of P from effluents is required. The method most commonly used for P removal from wastewater is chemical precipitation. However, this technique is relatively expensive and demands a proper disposal for the sludge. Therefore, the development of new materials with low cost but high P removal efficiency has been investigated. The introduction of exotic species in aquatic environments is considered a serious environmental problem in different parts of the world. Considering that, many of these species have high concentrations of carbonates in their exoskeleton composition, which is potentially useful in water treatment, particularly for P removal the use of such material as adsorbent has been tested. The present study aimed to investigate the capacity of the exoskeleton of exotic species in powder form to remove orthophosphates from water comparing the raw material (RCS), with physically modified (CSA) and chemically modified (CSC) material. To study the orthophosphates removal efficiency, a factorial design with central composite rotational design (CCRD) was applied. In order to optimize the P removal, the influence of the independent variables adsorbent/adsorbate ratio, pH and temperature was investigated with the kinetic control associate at each configuration obtained by CCRD. The P removal capacity of RCS varied from 125.0 mgP kg-1 to 1002.5 mgP kg-1; the removal capacity of CSA varied from 237.5 mgP kg-1 to 1540.0 mgP kg-1. The removal capacity of CSC varied from 5212.5 mgP kg-1 to 12672.5 mgP kg-1. Based on the preliminary results, the exoskeleton powder showed to be a potentially sustainable alternative as adsorbent material (mostly the chemically modified form CSC) useful in several applications, such as the treatment of urban and industrial wastewaters to prevent eutrophication of water bodies and population control of exotic species due to the commercial exploitation. 

SURFACE ALTERATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FOR DETOXIFICATION OF COPPER (II) FROM INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350021
Author(s):  
SADAF BHUTTO ◽  
M. NASIRUDDIN KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Modified Activated Carbons ◽  
Acetic Acids

The low-cost modified activated carbons were prepared from Thar and Lakhra (Pakistan) coals by activation with sulfuric acid and further modified with citric, tartaric and acetic acids for the selective adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. The original carbon obtained from activated Thar and Lakhra coals at pH 3.0 displayed significant adsorption capacity for lead and insignificant capacity values (0.880 and 0.830 mg⋅g-1) for copper. However, after modification with citric, tartaric and acetic acid the copper adsorption capacities enhanced in the range of 5.56–21.85 and 6.05–44.61 times, respectively. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms were used to elucidate the observed sorption phenomena. The isotherm equilibrium data was well fitted by the Langmuir and sufficiently fitted to the Freundlich models. The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) inferred that the investigated adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Based on the results, it was concluded that the surface alteration with citric and tartaric acid, Thar and Lakhra activated carbons had significant potential for selective removal of copper(II) from industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals Isotherm models and kinetics of copper adsorption by using hydrochar produced from hydrothermal carbonization of faecal sludge

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thammarat Koottatep ◽  
Krailak Fakkaew ◽  
Nutnicha Tajai ◽  
Chongrak Polprasert
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Low cost adsorbents have been extensively reported for use as a promising substitution for commercial adsorbents for pollutant removal in water and wastewater treatment. In this study, hydrochar produced from the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of faecal sludge (FS) (called HTC-hydrochar) was further chemically modified with KOH (called KOH-hydrochar) to improve its surface functional groups, which were suitable for copper (Cu) removal. The adsorption of Cu was conducted using the produced HTC-hydrochar and KOH-hydrochar as absorbents. Experimental results showed the KOH-hydrochar could adsorb Cu at the maximum adsorption capacity of 18.6 mg-Cu/g-hydrochar with Cu removal efficiency of 93%, relatively higher than the HTC-hydrochar and a commercial powdered activated carbon. The quantity of the surface functional groups of the adsorbents was more effective in Cu removal than the surface area. The Cu adsorption mechanism was found to follow the pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion models and fit well with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Application of hydrothermal carbonization could be a novel candidate to convert FS into hydrochar which is pathogen free, and to employ the produced hydrochar as an adsorbent to remove Cu from industrial wastewaters.

scholarly journals Constructed wetlands in the treatment of agro-industrial wastewater: A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar-Yam Sultana ◽  
Christos Akratos ◽  
Dimitrios Vayenas ◽  
Stavros Pavlou
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Wetland Type ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Hostile Environments

Due to their simplicity and low operation cost, constructed wetlands are becoming more prevalent in wastewater treatment all over the world. Their range of applications is no longer limited to municipal wastewater but has expanded to the treatment of heavily polluted wastewaters such as agro-industrial effluents. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of the application of constructed wetlands in treating a variety of agro-industrial wastewaters, and discusses pollutant surface loads and the role of constructed wetland type, prior-treatment stages and plant species in pollutant removal efficiency. Results indicate that constructed wetlands can tolerate high pollutant loads and toxic substances without losing their removal ability, thus these systems are very effective bio-reactors even in hostile environments. Additionally, the review outlines issues that could improve pollutant treatment efficiency and proposes design and operation suggestions such as suitable vegetation, porous media and constructed wetland plain view. Finally, a decision tree for designing constructed wetlands treating agro-industrial wastewaters provides an initial design tool for scientists and engineers.

scholarly journals β-Cyclodextrin-Polyacrylamide Hydrogel for Removal of Organic Micropollutants from Water

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5031
Author(s):  
Xia Song ◽  
Nana Nyarko Mensah ◽  
Yuting Wen ◽  
Jingling Zhu ◽  
Zhongxing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Inclusion Complexation ◽  
Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Thermal Regeneration ◽  
Free Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Morphological Studies

Water pollution by various toxic substances remains a serious environmental problem, especially the occurrence of organic micropollutants including endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical pollutants and naphthol pollutants. Adsorption process has been an effective method for pollutant removal in wastewater treatment. However, the thermal regeneration process for the most widely used activated carbon is costly and energy-consuming. Therefore, there has been an increasing need to develop alternative low-cost and effective adsorption materials for pollutant removal. Herein, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), a cheap and versatile material, was modified with methacrylate groups by reacting with methacryloyl chloride, giving an average degree of substitution of 3 per β-CD molecule. β-CD-methacrylate, which could function as a crosslinker, was then copolymerized with acrylamide monomer via free-radical copolymerization to form β-CD-polyacrylamide (β-CD-PAAm) hydrogel. Interestingly, in the structure of the β-CD-PAAm hydrogel, β-CD is not only a functional unit binding pollutant molecules through inclusion complexation, but also a structural unit crosslinking PAAm leading to the formation of the hydrogel 3D networks. Morphological studies showed that β-CD-PAAm gel had larger pore size than the control PAAm gel, which was synthesized using conventional crosslinker instead of β-CD-methacrylate. This was consistent with the higher swelling ratio of β-CD-PAAm gel than that of PAAm gel (29.4 vs. 12.7). In the kinetic adsorption studies, phenolphthalein, a model dye, and bisphenol A, propranolol hydrochloride, and 2-naphthol were used as model pollutants from different classes. The adsorption data for β-CD-PAAm gel fitted well into the pseudo-second-order model. In addition, the thermodynamic studies revealed that β-CD-PAAm gel was able to effectively adsorb the different dye and pollutants at various concentrations, while the control PAAm gel had very low adsorption, confirming that the pollutant removal was due to the inclusion complexation between β-CD units and pollutant molecules. The adsorption isotherms of the different dye and pollutants by the β-CD-PAAm gel fitted well into the Langmuir model. Furthermore, the β-CD-PAAm gel could be easily recycled by soaking in methanol and reused without compromising its performance for five consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles. Therefore, the β-CD-PAAm gel, which combines the advantage of an easy-to-handle hydrogel platform and the effectiveness of adsorption by β-CD units, could be a promising pollutant removal system for wastewater treatment applications.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic and kinetic models for the removal of copper and cadmium using industrial effluents by mixed adsorbent

YMER Digital ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
K S R Murthy ◽  
Srinivas Tadepalli
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Bone Charcoal ◽  
Synthetic Metal ◽  
Gibb’S Free Energy

The potential of Activated Charcoal and bone Charcoal as a low cost material for the removal of copper and cadmium from synthetic metal solution was studied. A number of experiments were performed in order to determine the potential capacity of the adsorbent in terms of thermo Dynamic equilibrium from the batch data. The Positive values of change in Enthalpy show that the process is endothermic in nature for Cd (II) and the negative values of Change in Enthalpy shows that the process is exothermic in nature for Cu (II). The standard Gibb’s free energy values are positive which means that the process is not spontaneous in nature. The negative values of ΔS show that there is decrease in randomness at the solid/solution interface during the adsorption of copper. The study revealed that mixed adsorbent prepared by blending the activated charcoal and bone charcoal in 1: 1 ratio has more potential to act as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu and Cd from aqueous solution. The optimum temperature was found to be 40°C for both the metals. The higher correlation coefficient R2(0.9824) value shown that cadmium ions were well fitted the thermodynamic model comparing copper ions. The batch adsorption studies have been carried out for 2 hrs considering all the 6 parameters by optimizing each of them. The data obtained for optimized parameters were studied through fitting of kinetic models such as Pseudo-first order and Pseudo second order models for both Copper and Cadmium along with Correlation or regression coefficient (R2) values.

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