scholarly journals Identification of Smoke and Sulfuric Acid Aerosol in SAGE III/ISS Extinction Spectra Following the 2019 Raikoke Eruption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Knepp ◽  
Larry Thomason ◽  
Mahesh Kovilakam ◽  
Jason Tackett ◽  
Jayanta Kar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Volcanic Aerosol ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aerosol Types

Abstract. The 2019 eruption of Raikoke was the largest volcanic eruption since 2011 and it was coincident with 2 major wildfires in the northern hemisphere. The impact of these events was manifest in the SAGE III/ISS extinction coefficient measurements. As the volcanic aerosol layers moved southward, a secondary peak emerged at an altitude higher than that which is expected for sulfuric acid aerosol. It was hypothesized that this secondary plume may contain a non-negligible amount of smoke contribution. We developed a technique to classify the composition of enhanced aerosol layers as either smoke or sulfuric acid aerosol. This method takes advantage of the different spectral properties of smoke and sulfuric acid aerosol, which is manifest in distinctly different spectral slopes in the SAGE III/ISS data. Herein we demonstrate the utility of this method using 4 case-study events (2018 Ambae eruption, 2019 Ulawun eruption, 2017 Canadian pyroCb, and 2020 Australian pyroCb) and provide corroborative data from the CALIOP instrument before applying it to the Raikoke plumes. We determined that, in the time period following the Raikoke eruption, smoke and sulfuric acid aerosol were present throughout the atmosphere and the 2 aerosol types were preferentially partitioned to higher (smoke) and lower (sulfuric acid) altitudes. Herein, we present an evaluation of the performance of this classification scheme within the context of the aforementioned case-study events followed by a brief discussion of this method's applicability to other events as well as its limitations.

The Impact of a BI-Supported Performance Measurement System on a Public Police Force

2019 ◽  
pp. 509-527
Author(s):  
Elad Moskovitz ◽  
Adir Even
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Performance Measurement System ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Relative Metrics ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact

Performance measurement, as an effective tool for implementing organizational strategy and assisting ongoing control and surveillance, is broadly adopted today. The performance measurement system (PMS) explored in this case study was implemented, using business intelligence (BI) technologies, for a public police force. The system lets police commanders view and analyze the performance scores of their own units and get feedback on the success of their activities. The study examines the system's impact, through analysis of the metric results over a time period of five years. The results show that the vast majority of the metrics examined indeed improved. Further, the results underscore the moderation effect of relative metrics weights, as well as the different behavior of metrics that reflect activity versus those that reflect outcomes. The study underscores both the positive and the negative aspects of those results, and discusses their implications for future PMS implementation with BI technologies.

scholarly journals Climate Aridity under Changing Conditions and Implications for the Agricultural Sector: Italy as a Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Salvati ◽  
Marco Zitti ◽  
Rosanna Di Bartolomei ◽  
Luigi Perini
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
The Impact

A comprehensive diachronic analysis (1951–2010) of precipitation and temperature regimes has been carried out at the national and regional scale in Italy to investigate the impact of climate aridity on the agricultural system. Trends in climate aridity have been also analysed using UNEP aridity index which is the ratio between rainfall and potential evapotranspiration on a yearly basis. During the examined time period, and particularly in the most recent years, a gradual reduction in rainfall and growing temperatures have been observed which have further widened the gap between precipitation amounts and water demand in agriculture.

The Impact of Volatile Exchange Rate on Commodity Wise Trade of Pakistan to Its Major Trading Partner China: An Empirical Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Ahmer Bilal ◽  
Xiaoping Li ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Chishti ◽  
Minhaj Ali
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Major Trading Partner ◽  
Unique Aspect ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

The current study endeavors to explore the effects of oscillations in exchange rate on commodity trade flow between Pakistan and China, employing the data for the time period of 1982-2017. Applying ARDL Bound Testing approach, we find that 63% exporting and 55% importing industries of Pakistan demonstrate the co-integration. Further, employing ARDL technique, the current study deduces that 55% in the short run and 18% exporting industries in the long run respond to the volatility. In imports function, the volatility affects 56% industries in short as well as long run. Intriguingly, two exporting industries coded as 651 (57% share) & 652 (13% share) do not respond to the volatility. And, this is the unique aspect of our study.

Decomposing Changes in Inequality Over Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-212
Author(s):  
Cathal O'Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Value Decomposition ◽  
Microsimulation Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Microsimulation models are often used to consider counterfactual situations and answering ‘what if’ questions. However, these methods typically decompose all changes that occur at a given time, but do not separately isolate the impact of individual components. Simulation-based methods have been developed that can be used to simulate counterfactual incomes if one or more component is changed. This chapter moves beyond Oaxaca–Blinder work, which decomposes differences in individual wages, to decompose the full household-income distribution and its components. Counterfactual income-generating processes (wages, employment, etc.) are simulated to assess the impact of alternative situations, such as the degree of inequality, using income-generating processes from another time period (or country). This chapter utilizes, as a case study, Ireland, a developed country that experienced one of the highest sustained growth periods in recent decades. The chapter describes the estimation of simulation using an income-generation model, and then describes the Shapley-value decomposition. We use the microsimulation framework to understand changes in inequality, as the distribution of purchasing power associated with disposable income changed non-uniformly in terms of demography, labour market, market income, and public policy using an Oaxaca–Blinder–Bourguignon decomposition.

scholarly journals Identification of Shift in Sowing and Harvesting Dates of Rice Crop (L. Oryza sativa) through Remote Sensing Techniques: A Case Study of Larkana District

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3586
Author(s):  
Vipin Kumar Oad ◽  
Xiaohua Dong ◽  
Muhammad Arfan ◽  
Vicky Kumar ◽  
Muhammad Salman Mohsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
The Impact

The present study aimed to determine the impact of climate variability on rice crops in terms of sowing and harvesting dates and crop period. The identification of sowing and harvesting dates were spotted by mask identification, variations in land surface temperature (LST) on a temporal scale in the respective months, and a field-level social inquiry. The study was conducted during a time period (1994–2017), in which geo-referenced crop samples, farmer’s perception survey data, Landsat satellite images, and climate data of district Larkana were used. The analysis of satellite imageries revealed that on 20 June 1994, the rice was transplanted on 14.7% of the area of the region while it was only 7.1% of the area in 2017. Similarly, the area under rice crop in the first week of July 1994 was 18.3% compared to 8.15% during the same period in 2017. However, in the first week of October 2017, the rice crop was standing on 46.8% of the area while it was on 34.6% of the area during the year 1994 on the same date. This LST variation depicts a delay in the sowing and harvesting of the rice crop. This changing pattern is further confirmed through mean LST. Mean LST (°C) has been increasing in the sowing period of rice crop from 31.9 °C in June 1994 to 35.8 °C in June 2017, and from 32.8 °C in July 1994 to 36.8 °C in July 2017. Furthermore, the LST decreased during the harvesting period of rice crop from 31 °C in October 1994 to 28.6 °C in October 2017. The present study quantifies a delay of 15–30 days in sowing and harvesting dates of the rice crop in the district due to climate variability.

scholarly journals Understanding Inequality in Chile: A Revisited Dependency Analysis of Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Colin M. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Dependency Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Impact

<p>This thesis makes a case for a revisited dependency analysis in understanding how socio-economic inequality is produced and reproduced. It illustrates that a succession of Chilean governments has been unable, despite policies from across the full political spectrum, to disrupt the processes of disparity. As the study spans a considerable timeframe, the research is divided into two sections: 1964 – 1989 and 1990 – 2010. The data from the initial time period reveals that levels of inequality remained as high as at any other time in the previous thirty years. The return to democracy under the Concertación (1990 – 2010) brought a policy emphasis to reduce inequality, but the impact was also less than what had been hoped for. The research uses descriptive statistics to track persistent patterns of inequality in contexts such as income, healthcare, employment and education. This is combined with interviews with various academics and policy-makers concerning their perceptions of the roots and consequences of Chilean inequality, and their opinions regarding the impact of various policies upon it. Despite the considerable amount of existing research addressing socio-economic inequality there is a conspicuous gap in the literature regarding the role of dependency analysis. The thesis includes a case study of educational inequalities under the Concertación and undertakes a dependency analysis of the situation. Through this work it is evident that the features of structural heterogeneity and educational commodification, along with a failure to place social and class relations at the centre of such an approach, has prevented any progressive change. The thesis posits a set of theoretical assertions and policy recommendations that are intended to counter the criticisms that have forced dependency to the peripheries of development thinking. In summary, this research makes theoretical, empirical and policy contributions to the understanding of the processes of socio-economic disparity, within and beyond the education sector, both in Chile and elsewhere.</p>

scholarly journals Understanding Inequality in Chile: A Revisited Dependency Analysis of Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Colin M. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Dependency Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Impact

<p>This thesis makes a case for a revisited dependency analysis in understanding how socio-economic inequality is produced and reproduced. It illustrates that a succession of Chilean governments has been unable, despite policies from across the full political spectrum, to disrupt the processes of disparity. As the study spans a considerable timeframe, the research is divided into two sections: 1964 – 1989 and 1990 – 2010. The data from the initial time period reveals that levels of inequality remained as high as at any other time in the previous thirty years. The return to democracy under the Concertación (1990 – 2010) brought a policy emphasis to reduce inequality, but the impact was also less than what had been hoped for. The research uses descriptive statistics to track persistent patterns of inequality in contexts such as income, healthcare, employment and education. This is combined with interviews with various academics and policy-makers concerning their perceptions of the roots and consequences of Chilean inequality, and their opinions regarding the impact of various policies upon it. Despite the considerable amount of existing research addressing socio-economic inequality there is a conspicuous gap in the literature regarding the role of dependency analysis. The thesis includes a case study of educational inequalities under the Concertación and undertakes a dependency analysis of the situation. Through this work it is evident that the features of structural heterogeneity and educational commodification, along with a failure to place social and class relations at the centre of such an approach, has prevented any progressive change. The thesis posits a set of theoretical assertions and policy recommendations that are intended to counter the criticisms that have forced dependency to the peripheries of development thinking. In summary, this research makes theoretical, empirical and policy contributions to the understanding of the processes of socio-economic disparity, within and beyond the education sector, both in Chile and elsewhere.</p>

The Impact of a BI-Supported Performance Measurement System on a Public Police Force

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Elad Moskovitz ◽  
Adir Even
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Performance Measurement System ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Relative Metrics ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact

Performance measurement, as an effective tool for implementing organizational strategy and assisting ongoing control and surveillance, is broadly adopted today. The performance measurement system (PMS) explored in this case study was implemented, using business intelligence (BI) technologies, for a public police force. The system lets police commanders view and analyze the performance scores of their own units and get feedback on the success of their activities. The study examines the system's impact, through analysis of the metric results over a time period of five years. The results show that the vast majority of the metrics examined indeed improved. Further, the results underscore the moderation effect of relative metrics weights, as well as the different behavior of metrics that reflect activity versus those that reflect outcomes. The study underscores both the positive and the negative aspects of those results, and discusses their implications for future PMS implementation with BI technologies.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Development of Society on Economic and Financial Crime. Case Study for European Union Member States

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Monica Violeta Achim ◽  
Viorela Ligia Văidean ◽  
Sorin Nicolae Borlea ◽  
Decebal Remus Florescu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Union Member ◽  
General Level ◽  
Financial Crime ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Financial Crimes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Union Member States

Economic and financial crime is closely related to the changes and the development of societies. In this paper, we question whether the types of economic and financial crimes change as the society develops or not. For our purpose, we use the sample of 27 European Union member countries, for the 2005–2020 time period, which forms an unbalanced panel dataset. The main econometric method is represented by the Pooled OLS method for panel data. Our findings highlight that higher economic and sustainable development determines a reduction in the levels of corruption, shadow economy, and cybercrime. Additionally, we find that increased economic and sustainable development is related to higher levels of money laundering. These findings help governments to understand the way in which various types of economic and financial crimes unfold within different contexts of economic development, in order to implement specific policies for reducing the general level of crimes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document