scholarly journals Bioaerosols and atmospheric ice nuclei in a Mediterranean dryland: community changes related to rainfall

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-91
Author(s):  
Kai Tang ◽  
Beatriz Sánchez-Parra ◽  
Petya Yordanova ◽  
Jörn Wehking ◽  
Anna T. Backes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Mediterranean Island ◽  
Community Changes ◽  
Dust Events ◽  
Actual Contribution

Abstract. Certain biological particles are highly efficient ice nuclei (IN), but the actual contribution of bioparticles to the pool of atmospheric IN and their relation to precipitation are not well characterized. We investigated the composition of bioaerosols, ice nucleation activity, and the effect of rainfall by metagenomic sequencing and freezing experiments of aerosol samples collected during the INUIT 2016 campaign in a rural dryland on the eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus. Taxonomic analysis showed community changes related to rainfall. For the rain-affected samples, we found higher read proportions of fungi, particularly of Agaricomycetes, which are a class of fungi that actively discharge their spores into the atmosphere in response to humidity changes. In contrast, the read proportions of bacteria were reduced, indicating an effective removal of bacteria by precipitation. Freezing experiments showed that the IN population in the investigated samples was influenced by both rainfall and dust events. For example, filtration and heat treatment of the samples collected during and immediately after rainfall yielded enhanced fractions of heat-sensitive IN in the size ranges larger than 5 µm and smaller than 0.1 µm, which were likely of biological origin (entire bioparticles and soluble macromolecular bio-IN). In contrast, samples collected in periods with dust events were dominated by heat-resistant IN active at lower temperatures, most likely mineral dust. The DNA analysis revealed low numbers of reads related to microorganisms that are known to be IN-active. This may reflect unknown sources of atmospheric bio-IN as well as the presence of cell-free IN macromolecules that do not contain DNA, in particular for sizes < 0.1 µm. The observed effects of rainfall on the composition of atmospheric bioaerosols and IN may influence the hydrological cycle (bioprecipitation cycle) as well as the health effects of air particulate matter (pathogens, allergens).

scholarly journals Bioaerosols and atmospheric ice nuclei in a Mediterranean dryland: Community changes related to rainfall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Tang ◽  
Beatriz Sánchez-Parra ◽  
Petya Yordanova ◽  
Jörn Wehking ◽  
Anna Theresa Backes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Mediterranean Island ◽  
Community Changes ◽  
Dust Events ◽  
Actual Contribution

Abstract. Certain biological particles are highly efficient ice nuclei (IN), but the actual contribution of bioparticles to the pool of atmospheric IN and their relation to precipitation are not well characterized. We investigated the composition of bioaerosols, ice nucleation activity, and the effect of rainfall by metagenomic sequencing and freezing experiments of aerosol samples collected during the INUIT 2016 campaign in a rural dryland on the Eastern Mediterranean island Cyprus. Taxonomic analysis showed community changes related to rainfall. For the rain-affected samples, we found higher read proportions of fungi, in particular of Agaricomycetes, which are a class of fungi actively discharging their spores into the atmosphere in response to humidity changes. In contrast, the read proportions of bacteria were reduced, indicating an effective removal of bacteria by precipitation. Freezing experiments showed that the IN population in the investigated samples was influenced by both rainfall and dust events. For example, filtration and heat treatment of the samples collected during and immediately after rainfall yielded enhanced fractions of heat-sensitive IN in the size ranges larger than 5 μm and smaller than 0.1 μm, which were likely of biological origin (entire bioparticles and soluble macromolecular bio-IN). In contrast, samples collected in periods with dust events were dominated by heat-resistant IN active at lower temperatures, most likely mineral dust. The DNA analysis revealed low numbers of reads related to microorganisms that are known to be IN-active. This may reflect unknown sources of atmospheric bio-IN as well as the presence of cell-free IN macromolecules that do not contain DNA, in particular for sizes < 0.1 μm. The observed effects of rainfall on the composition of atmospheric bioaerosols and IN may influence the hydrological cycle (bioprecipitation cycle) as well as the health effects of air particulate matter (pathogens, allergens).

scholarly journals High concentrations of biological aerosol particles and ice nuclei during and after rain

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1767-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Huffman ◽  
C. Pöhlker ◽  
A. J. Prenni ◽  
P. J. DeMott ◽  
R. H. Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Ice Nucleators ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Bacterial Aggregates ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Biological Aerosol Particles

Abstract. Bioaerosols are relevant for public health and may play an important role in the climate system, but their atmospheric abundance, properties and sources are not well understood. Here we show that the concentration of airborne biological particles in a forest ecosystem increases dramatically during rain and that bioparticles are closely correlated with atmospheric ice nuclei (IN). The greatest increase of bioparticles and IN occurred in the size range of 2–6 μm, which is characteristic for bacterial aggregates and fungal spores. By DNA analysis we found high diversities of airborne bacteria and fungi, including human and plant pathogens (mildew, smut and rust fungi, molds, Enterobacteraceae, Pseudomonadaceae). In addition to known bacterial and fungal IN (Pseudomonas sp., Fusarium sporotrichioides), we discovered two species of IN-active fungi that were not previously known as biological ice nucleators (Isaria farinosa and Acremonium implicatum). Our findings suggest that atmospheric bioaerosols, IN and rainfall are more tightly coupled than previously assumed.

Ground level ice nuclei particle measurements including Saharan dust events at a Po Valley rural site (San Pietro Capofiume, Italy)

2017 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Belosi ◽  
M. Rinaldi ◽  
S. Decesari ◽  
L. Tarozzi ◽  
A. Nicosia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Particle Measurements ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Level Ice ◽  
Dust Events

scholarly journals Evaluating Metagenomic Prediction of the Metaproteome in a 4.5-Year Study of a Patient with Crohn's Disease

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Mills ◽  
Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza ◽  
Qiyun Zhu ◽  
Lingjing Jiang ◽  
James Gaffney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Disease States

ABSTRACT Although genetic approaches are the standard in microbiome analysis, proteome-level information is largely absent. This discrepancy warrants a better understanding of the relationship between gene copy number and protein abundance, as this is crucial information for inferring protein-level changes from metagenomic data. As it remains unknown how metaproteomic systems evolve during dynamic disease states, we leveraged a 4.5-year fecal time series using samples from a single patient with colonic Crohn’s disease. Utilizing multiplexed quantitative proteomics and shotgun metagenomic sequencing of eight time points in technical triplicate, we quantified over 29,000 protein groups and 110,000 genes and compared them to five protein biomarkers of disease activity. Broad-scale observations were consistent between data types, including overall clustering by principal-coordinate analysis and fluctuations in Gene Ontology terms related to Crohn’s disease. Through linear regression, we determined genes and proteins fluctuating in conjunction with inflammatory metrics. We discovered conserved taxonomic differences relevant to Crohn’s disease, including a negative association of Faecalibacterium and a positive association of Escherichia with calprotectin. Despite concordant associations of genera, the specific genes correlated with these metrics were drastically different between metagenomic and metaproteomic data sets. This resulted in the generation of unique functional interpretations dependent on the data type, with metaproteome evidence for previously investigated mechanisms of dysbiosis. An example of one such mechanism was a connection between urease enzymes, amino acid metabolism, and the local inflammation state within the patient. This proof-of-concept approach prompts further investigation of the metaproteome and its relationship with the metagenome in biologically complex systems such as the microbiome. IMPORTANCE A majority of current microbiome research relies heavily on DNA analysis. However, as the field moves toward understanding the microbial functions related to healthy and disease states, it is critical to evaluate how changes in DNA relate to changes in proteins, which are functional units of the genome. This study tracked the abundance of genes and proteins as they fluctuated during various inflammatory states in a 4.5-year study of a patient with colonic Crohn’s disease. Our results indicate that despite a low level of correlation, taxonomic associations were consistent in the two data types. While there was overlap of the data types, several associations were uniquely discovered by analyzing the metaproteome component. This case study provides unique and important insights into the fundamental relationship between the genes and proteins of a single individual’s fecal microbiome associated with clinical consequences.

The effect of harsh abiotic conditions on the diversity of serpentine plant communities on Lesbos, an eastern Mediterranean island

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Adamidis ◽  
Elena Kazakou ◽  
Alan J.M. Baker ◽  
Roger D. Reeves ◽  
Panayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Mediterranean Island

Tracing the biological origin of animal glues used in paintings through mitochondrial DNA analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 399 (9) ◽  
pp. 2987-2995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emidio Albertini ◽  
Lorenzo Raggi ◽  
Manuela Vagnini ◽  
Alessandro Sassolini ◽  
Alessandro Achilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Analysis

scholarly journals Impact of mineral dust on cloud formation in a Saharan outflow region

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 32363-32390 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Smoydzin ◽  
A. Teller ◽  
H. Tost ◽  
M. Fnais ◽  
J. Lelieveld
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Outflow Region ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. We present a numerical modelling study investigating the impact of mineral dust on cloud formation over the Eastern Mediterranean for two case studies: (i) 25 September 2008 and (ii) 28/29 January 2003. On both days dust plumes crossed the Mediterranean and interacted with clouds forming along frontal systems. For our investigation we used the fully online coupled model WRF-chem. The results show that increased aerosol concentrations due to the presence of mineral dust can enhance the formation of ice crystals. This leads to slight shifts of the spatial and temporal precipitation patterns compared to scenarios where dust was not considered to act as ice nuclei. However, the total amount of precipitation did not change significantly. The only exception occurred when dust entered into an area of orographic ascent, causing glaciation of the clouds, leading to a local enhancement of rainfall. The impact of dust particles acting as giant cloud condensation nuclei on precipitation formation was found to be small. Based on our simulations the contribution of dust to the CCN population is potentially significant only for warm phase clouds. Nevertheless, the dust-induced differences in the microphysical structure of the clouds can contribute to a significant radiative forcing.

scholarly journals TOPICALITY OF FORENSIC MOLECULAR GENETIC EXAMINATION AND ISSUES REGARDING ITS PERFORMING

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
V. V. Topchiy
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Genetic Examination

Modern progress in forensic molecular genetic examination allow to obtain information about a particular person using traces variety of biological origin especially while committing grave crimes against human life and health, that are usually found at the scene and belong to a human body. A significant advantage of this method under crime investigation is precisely the safe exclusion of suspected persons not involved in the commission of a crime, in identifying those who committed a crime with a high probability level. At the present stage of forensic molecular genetic examination development there are significant gaps in legislation that are solved by adopting relevant normative and legal acts and improving existing ones. Effective method for of DNA analysis development is the creation of appropriate bases of genetic features of a person. However, the legislative consolidation of this process should take place in the context of respecting and protecting personal rights. However, terms of performing molecular genetic examination significantly exceed the terms of pre-trial investigation. This problem can be solved by expanding network of laboratories that perform such examination. Despite presence of a small number of problems, it is possible to affirm that DNA analysis is the most effective and reliable of all known methods of person identification at the present stage. At present, expert molecular genetic analysis develops not only as a section of molecular genetic research but also as a complete element of criminalistic knowledge that is aimed at investigating and disclosing crimes. Therefore, implementation of molecular genetic research methods into the practice of law enforcement agencies in Ukraine will significantly increase investigation effectiveness of many serious crimes against person.

scholarly journals Forensic Molecular-Genetic Analysis of Objects of Biological Origin – a New Direction of Forensic Activity of the Russian Ministry of Justice

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
S. A. Smirnova ◽  
G. G. Omel’yanyuk ◽  
I. V. Storozhenko ◽  
A. A. Rybakova ◽  
V. V. Gulevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis ◽  
Forensic Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plant Biomaterials

The article addresses the importance and basic preconditions for the forming a new direction of forensic activity in the system of forensic institutions of the Russian Ministry of Justice a new direction of forensic activity - molecular-genetic analysis of the objects of biological origin. The authors present the advantages of DNA analysis - one of the most modern and efficient methods in investigating criminal cases. The article also demonstrates the potential of different methods of DNA-analysis for forensic investigations. The history of forensic DNA-analysis development in Russia and its features when examining the human, animal, and plant biomaterials are briefly discussed. The authors propose the definitions for the molecular-genetic examinations’ object and subject, formulate the model tasks, and suggest a list of sample questions for this study.

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