scholarly journals China's historical record when searching for tropical cyclones corresponding to Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts over the past 2 kyr

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huei-Fen Chen ◽  
Yen-Chu Liu ◽  
Chih-Wen Chiang ◽  
Xingqi Liu ◽  
Yu-Min Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Intertropical Convergence Zone ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Northwestern Pacific Ocean ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Southward Migration

Abstract. The northwestern Pacific Ocean and South China Sea are where tropical cyclones occur most frequently. Many climatologists also study the formation of Pacific Ocean warm pools and typhoons in this region. This study collected data of paleotyphoons found in China's official historical records over the past 2000 years that contained known typhoon activity reports. The collected data are then subjected to statistical analyses focusing on typhoon activity in coastal regions of southeastern China to garner a better understanding of the long-term evolution of moving paths and occurrence frequency, especially regarding those typhoons making landfall in mainland China. We analyzed the data with the year and month of each typhoon event, as well as the number of events in a 10-year period. The result shows that (1) north–southward migration of typhoon paths corresponds to the north–southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and Little Ice Age (LIA) and (2) paleotyphoons made landfall in mainland China 1 month earlier during the MWP than during the LIA. This implies a northward shift in ITCZ during the MWP. Typhoons tend to make landfall in Japan during El Niño-like periods and strike the southern coastal regions of China during La Niña-like stages. According to paleotyphoon records over the last 2000 years, typhoons made landfall in southeastern China frequently around 490–510, 700–850, and after 1500 CE The number of typhoons striking Guangdong Province peaked during the coldest period in 1660–1680 CE; however, after 1700 CE, landfall has migrated farther north. The track of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the northwestern Pacific Ocean is affected by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), which shows a nearly 30-year and a 60-year cycle during the LIA.

scholarly journals China’s historical record in the search of tropical cyclones corresponding to ITCZ shifts over the past 2ka

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huei-Fen Chen ◽  
Yen-Chu Liu ◽  
Chih-Wen Chiang ◽  
Xingqi Liu ◽  
Yu-Min Chou
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
The Past ◽  
Southward Migration

Abstract. The northwestern Pacific Ocean and south China sea are where tropical cyclones occur most frequently. Many climatologists also study the formation of Pacific Ocean warm pools and typhoons in this region. This study collected data of paleotyphoons found in China’s official historical records over the past two thousand years with known typhoon activity reports. The collected data is then subjected to statistical analyses focusing on typhoon activity in coastal regions of southeastern China to garner a better understanding of the long-term evolution of moving paths and occurrence frequency, especially those typhoons making landfall in mainland China. We analyses the data with the year and month of each typhoon event, as well as the number of events in a ten-year period. The result shows that (1) north/southward migration of typhoon paths correspond to the north/southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and Little Ice Age (LIA), (2) paleotyphoons made landfall in mainland China one month earlier during MWP than those during LIA. This implies a northward shift in ITCZ during MWP. Typhoons tend to make landfall in Japan during El Nino-like periods and strike the southern coastal regions of China during La Nina-like stages. According to paleotyphoon records over the last two thousand years, typhoons made landfall in southeastern China frequently around 490–510 A.D., 700–850 A.D., and after 1500 A.D. The number of typhoons striking Guangdong Province peaked during the coldest period in 1660–1680 A.D.; however, after 1700 A.D., landfall has migrated farther north.

scholarly journals Recovery of Tropical Cyclone Induced SST Cooling Observed by Satellite in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3781
Author(s):  
Zheng Ling ◽  
Zhifeng Chen ◽  
Guihua Wang ◽  
Hailun He ◽  
Changlin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Mixed Layer Depth ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Northwestern Pacific Ocean ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Translation Speed ◽  
Sst Cooling

Based on the satellite observed sea surface temperature (SST), the recovery of SST cooling induced by the tropical cyclones (TCs) over the northwestern Pacific Ocean is investigated. The results show that the passage of a TC induces a mean maximum cooling in the SST of roughly −1.25 °C. It was also found that most of this cooling (~87%) is typically erased within 30 days of TC passage. This recovery time depends upon the degree of cooling, with stronger (weaker) SST cooling corresponding to longer (shorter) recovery time. Further analyses show that the mixed layer depth (MLD) and the upper layer thermocline temperature gradient (UTTG) also play an important role in the SST response to TCs. The maximum cooling increases ~0.1 °C for every 7 m decrease in the MLD or every 0.04 °C/m increase in the UTTG. The combined effects of MLD and TC intensity and translation speed on the SST response are also discussed.

scholarly journals Upper Ocean Response to Two Sequential Tropical Cyclones over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jue Ning ◽  
Qing Xu ◽  
Tao Feng ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Northwestern Pacific Ocean ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Ocean Response ◽  
Upper Ocean Response

The upper ocean thermodynamic and biological responses to two sequential tropical cyclones (TCs) over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean were investigated using multi-satellite datasets, in situ observations and numerical model outputs. During Kalmaegi and Fung-Wong, three distinct cold patches were observed at sea surface. The locations of these cold patches are highly correlated with relatively shallower depth of the 26 °C isotherm and mixed layer depth (MLD) and lower upper ocean heat content. The enhancement of surface chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration was detected in these three regions as well, mainly due to the TC-induced mixing and upwelling as well as the terrestrial runoff. Moreover, the pre-existing ocean cyclonic eddy (CE) has been found to significantly modulate the magnitude of surface cooling and chl-a increase. With the deepening of the MLD on the right side of TCs, the temperature of the mixed layer decreased and the salinity increased. The sequential TCs had superimposed effects on the upper ocean response. The possible causes of sudden track change in sequential TCs scenario were also explored. Both atmospheric and oceanic conditions play noticeable roles in abrupt northward turning of the subsequent TC Fung-Wong.

Major and trace element compositions and resource potential of ferromanganese crust at Takuyo Daigo Seamount, northwestern Pacific Ocean

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Nozaki ◽  
Ayaka Tokumaru ◽  
Yutaro Takaya ◽  
Yasuhiro Kato ◽  
Katsuhiko Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Ferromanganese Crust ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Northwestern Pacific Ocean ◽  
Resource Potential

scholarly journals Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Bioaerosols over Northern Chinese Marginal Seas and the Northwestern Pacific Ocean in Spring

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manman Ma ◽  
Yu Zhen ◽  
Tiezhu Mi
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Marine Aerosols ◽  
Northwestern Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Bohai Sea

AbstractStudies of the community structures of bacteria in marine aerosols of different particle sizes have not been reported. Aerosol samples were collected using a six-stage bioaerosol sampler over the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, and northwestern Pacific Ocean in the spring of 2014. The diversity and composition of these samples were investigated by Illumina high-throughput sequencing, and 130 genera were detected in all of the samples; the most abundant bacterial genus was Bacteroides, followed by Prevotella and Megamonas. The Chao1 and Shannon diversity indices ranged from 193 to 1044 and from 5.44 to 8.33, respectively. The bacterial community structure in coarse particles (diameter larger than 2.1 μm) was more complex and diverse than that in fine particles (diameter less than 2.1 μm) in marine bioaerosols from over the Yellow Sea and northwestern Pacific Ocean, while the opposite trend was observed for samples collected over the Bohai Sea. Although we were sampling over marine regions, the sources of the bioaerosols were mostly continental. Temperature and wind speed significantly influenced the bacterial communities in marine aerosols of different particle sizes. There may be a bacterial background in the atmosphere in the form of several dominant taxa, and the bacterial communities are likely mixed constantly during transmission.

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