scholarly journals DATA FUSION OF HISTORICAL PHOTOGRAPHS WITH MODERN 3D DATA FOR AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION – CONCEPT AND FIRST RESULTS

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2021 ◽  
pp. 571-576
Author(s):  
P. Kalinowski ◽  
F. Both ◽  
T. Luhmann ◽  
U. Warnke
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
North West ◽  
Historical Images ◽  
3D Data ◽  
First Results ◽  
Glass Plates ◽  
Historical Photographs

Abstract. Through the destruction of war, most of the documents of an archaeological excavation from 1934 – 1939 of a megalithic tomb in north-west Germany have been destroyed irretrievably. Fortunately, more than 500 historical pictures have been preserved, which visually document the excavation situation at that time. Parts of the image collection are preserved on fragile glass plates that are difficult to preserve and have to be digitised urgendly. A method for digitising these glass plates will be presented first. With the help of the digitised historical images, the excavation situation at that time shall be reconstructed. Since a reconstruction based only on the historical images is not possible, the current state of the megalithic tombs has been recorded with modern measuring technology and a 3D model has been calculated. The aim is to fuse the historical images with the modern 3D model. For this purpose, different possibilities of linking the data are presented. As first results, point clouds calculated by Structure from Motion and the orientation of historical images in relation to the modern 3D model using direct linear transformation are shown. The hybrid model of historical and modern data will be used for archaeological interpretations of the excavation.

scholarly journals 3D DATA ACQUISITION BASED ON OPENCV FOR CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY APPLICATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-1/W1 ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jurjević ◽  
M. Gašparović
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Model Reconstruction ◽  
Close Range Photogrammetry ◽  
3D Data ◽  
3D Model Reconstruction ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Real Time Application

Development of the technology in the area of the cameras, computers and algorithms for 3D the reconstruction of the objects from the images resulted in the increased popularity of the photogrammetry. Algorithms for the 3D model reconstruction are so advanced that almost anyone can make a 3D model of photographed object. The main goal of this paper is to examine the possibility of obtaining 3D data for the purposes of the close-range photogrammetry applications, based on the open source technologies. All steps of obtaining 3D point cloud are covered in this paper. Special attention is given to the camera calibration, for which two-step process of calibration is used. Both, presented algorithm and accuracy of the point cloud are tested by calculating the spatial difference between referent and produced point clouds. During algorithm testing, robustness and swiftness of obtaining 3D data is noted, and certainly usage of this and similar algorithms has a lot of potential in the real-time application. That is the reason why this research can find its application in the architecture, spatial planning, protection of cultural heritage, forensic, mechanical engineering, traffic management, medicine and other sciences.

scholarly journals A 3D Shape Recognition Method Using Hybrid Deep Learning Network CNN–SVM

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Long Hoang ◽  
Suk-Hwan Lee ◽  
Ki-Ryong Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Shape Recognition ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Network ◽  
3D Shape ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Deep Learning Network

3D shape recognition becomes necessary due to the popularity of 3D data resources. This paper aims to introduce the new method, hybrid deep learning network convolution neural network–support vector machine (CNN–SVM), for 3D recognition. The vertices of the 3D mesh are interpolated to be converted into Point Clouds; those Point Clouds are rotated for 3D data augmentation. We obtain and store the 2D projection of this 3D augmentation data in a 32 × 32 × 12 matrix, the input data of CNN–SVM. An eight-layer CNN is used as the algorithm for feature extraction, then SVM is applied for classifying feature extraction. Two big datasets, ModelNet40 and ModelNet10, of the 3D model are used for model validation. Based on our numerical experimental results, CNN–SVM is more accurate and efficient than other methods. The proposed method is 13.48% more accurate than the PointNet method in ModelNet10 and 8.5% more precise than 3D ShapeNets for ModelNet40. The proposed method works with both the 3D model in the augmented/virtual reality system and in the 3D Point Clouds, an output of the LIDAR sensor in autonomously driving cars.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS CAMERA INPUT FOR VIDEOGRAMMETRY

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W16 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
N. Ahmad ◽  
S. Azri ◽  
U. Ujang ◽  
M. G. Cuétara ◽  
G. M. Retortillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Video Frame ◽  
3D Data

Abstract. Videogrammetry is a technique to generate point clouds by using video frame sequences. It is a branch of photogrammetry that offers an attractive capabilities and make it an interesting choice for a 3D data acquisition. However, different camera input and specification will produce different quality of point cloud. Thus, it is the aim of this study to investigate the quality of point cloud that is produced from various camera input and specification. Several devices are using in this study such as Iphone 5s, Iphone 7+, Iphone X, Digital camera of Casio Exilim EX-ZR1000 and Nikon D7000 DSLR. For each device, different camera with different resolution and frame per second (fps) are used for video recording. The videos are processed using EyesCloud3D by eCapture. EyesCloud3D is a platform that receive input such as videos and images to generate point clouds. 3D model is constructed based on generated point clouds. The total number of point clouds produced is analyzed to determine which camera input and specification produce a good 3D model. Besides that, factor of generating number of point clouds is analyzed. Finally, each camera resolution and fps is suggested for certain applications based on generated number of point cloud.

scholarly journals PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL IMAGE REPOSITORIES FOR VIRTUAL RECONSTRUCTION IN THE FIELD OF DIGITAL HUMANITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W3 ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Maiwald ◽  
T. Vietze ◽  
D. Schneider ◽  
F. Henze ◽  
S. Münster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Images ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Camera Position ◽  
Historical Photographs

Historical photographs contain high density of information and are of great importance as sources in humanities research. In addition to the semantic indexing of historical images based on metadata, it is also possible to reconstruct geometric information about the depicted objects or the camera position at the time of the recording by employing photogrammetric methods. The approach presented here is intended to investigate (semi-) automated photogrammetric reconstruction methods for heterogeneous collections of historical (city) photographs and photographic documentation for the use in the humanities, urban research and history sciences. From a photogrammetric point of view, these images are mostly digitized photographs. For a photogrammetric evaluation, therefore, the characteristics of scanned analog images with mostly unknown camera geometry, missing or minimal object information and low radiometric and geometric resolution have to be considered. In addition, these photographs have not been created specifically for documentation purposes and so the focus of these images is often not on the object to be evaluated. The image repositories must therefore be subjected to a preprocessing analysis of their photogrammetric usability. Investigations are carried out on the basis of a repository containing historical images of the Kronentor ("crown gate") of the Dresden Zwinger. The initial step was to assess the quality and condition of available images determining their appropriateness for generating three-dimensional point clouds from historical photos using a structure-from-motion evaluation (SfM). Then, the generated point clouds were assessed by comparing them with current measurement data of the same object.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION BETWEEN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE AND TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER IN PRODUCING 3D MODEL

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W16 ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mat Adnan ◽  
N. Darwin ◽  
M. F. M. Ariff ◽  
Z. Majid ◽  
K. M. Idris
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Ground Survey ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Uav Images

Abstract. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) frequently used for obtaining 2D or 3D data acquisition. Meanwhile, Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS) are used for obtaining only 3D data acquisition. However if both are integrated, they were able to produce a more accurate data. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible integration of point clouds obtained by TLS with UAV images at T06 FBES building through the aerial survey where the roof is scanned and ground survey which scans the facades‟ building. Topcon GLS 2000 and DJI Inspire 1 UAV were used to acquire the data at the field. The aerial data and ground data were processed using Pix4D and Scanmaster respectively. The data integration process is done by converting both point clouds into the same coordinate system and then by aligning the same points of both points clouds in Cloud Compare. For verification purposes, dimensional survey was done and there are several distances were taken from the study area to validate the accuracy assessment. The result of residuals between the dimension survey and integration is 0.183 m which is below 1 meter. The result of this study is a 3D model of UTM T06 FBES building based on the point cloud accuracy in cm level. To conclude, the integration between these two methods can be implemented to produce an accurate 3D model.

ANALISIS MODEL 3D DATA GAYA BERAT DALAM KEGAGALAN PEMBORAN SUMUR RESERVOAR MINYAK DI AREA X

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jahrudin ◽  
Pradityo Riyadi
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Production Well ◽  
Log Data ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Area X

The exploration of oil and gas, especially in Indonesia is experiencing various challenges and varying degrees of difficulty. In this research, the researcher tries to make a 3D modeling from gravity data, where the model will show a structure to determine the central coordinates for drilling. Pertamina has carried out drilling at a location in NTT and it turns out that the well does not produce oil and gas, even though the log data reads an oil showing that the area should have the prospect of producing oil, but the wells that have been drilled do not show any oil or gas, therefore the researchers tried to make a 3D model determine the structure around the production well. In this research, it was seen that the area of the previous drilling point had deviated from the top of the up dome and it was also seen in this structure that the area was deviated by about 3 kilometers and depth must exceed 526 m, the researcher concluded that the drilling point must be at X, Y coordinates.

scholarly journals Creación de implantes 3D en procesos de conservación y restauración de vidrio arqueológico

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Díaz-Marín ◽  
Elvira Aura-Castro
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Restricted Area ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Glass Bowl ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

This article describes the restoration of a glass bowl from the 16th-17thcentury by creating its three-dimensional (3D)model. The final purpose is to work with this model in order to avoid damaging situations that are associated with the manipulation of fragile objects. The gap areas, those corresponding to the missing fragments not found in the excavation, were carried out by constructing digital implants. A restricted area of the 3D model has been duplicated in order to accommodate it to confined intervals of the gap. The final implants were printed with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament. These implants replace the lost areas and give stability back to the item by recovering the original morphology. The result can be compared with the outcome obtained by a traditional process, but differs due to the fact that requires minimum manipulation of the item, so it can contribute to preserve and safeguard the restored object. This is a non-invasive method which is offered as an alternative treatment, where the archaeological object is replaced by its virtual model in the steps of the process after 3D data acquisition. Significant differences have not been found in the 3D printing results obtained with the two types of filaments tested (white and clear).

scholarly journals REPRESENTATION AND DIGITALIZATION OF STONE THEATRES IN EASTERN SICILY: THE PALAZZOLO ACREIDE THEATER

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 475-479
Author(s):  
G. Di Gregorio
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Geometric Conditions ◽  
Dense Matching ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
First Results ◽  
Quality And Reliability

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The ancient theatres in Sicily, in southern Italy and along the countries facing the Mediterranean Sea basin, constitute a reality of incomparable cultural value. Regarding the research on the ancient theatres of eastern Sicily, few studies have been recently dealt with different methodologies. In the last years some practices have been done using 3D laser scanners for the theatres of Syracuse, Taormina and Morgantina, as well as the Syracuse amphitheatre and Taormina Odeon, just obtaining very interesting results. Lately the theatre of Palazzolo Acreide (Syracuse) has been studied, with Structure From Motion (SFM) and Dense Matching methodologies. From these experience, conclusions could be drawn on the quality and reliability of the elaborations realised with the SFM methodologies. We really know that these systems are today representing one of the fastest growing areas of examination, on which several software houses are investing. The study was chosen both for the small size of the building, and for the particular geometric conditions typical of the architecture of ancient theatres. This because their three-dimensional trend varies continually in the three variables X, Y, Z. The purpose of the work was to check whether the latest releases of these systems of survey allow today more than yesterday, a rapid digitalization and representation of the enormous archaeological cultural heritage. Various software were used, to verify the practicality and operation, the choice then fell on the Zephyr of 3DFlow, kindly available by the manufacturer, whose results were quite agreeable. The possibility offered by the program of a graphical tracing of polylines on the textured 3D model, has been a considerable advantage. Therefore the results obtained by modeling and surveying of the Palazzolo Acreide theatre have been compared, with the survey of the Syracuse, Taormina and Morgantina theatre performed using 3D laser scanners. First results of the research are matter of the following work.</p>

scholarly journals GEOMETRIC FEATURES ANALYSIS FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE POINT CLOUDS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W15 ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Grilli ◽  
E. M. Farella ◽  
A. Torresani ◽  
F. Remondino
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Geometric Features ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
3D Data ◽  
3D Documentation ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the last years, the application of artificial intelligence (Machine Learning and Deep Learning methods) for the classification of 3D point clouds has become an important task in modern 3D documentation and modelling applications. The identification of proper geometric and radiometric features becomes fundamental to classify 2D/3D data correctly. While many studies have been conducted in the geospatial field, the cultural heritage sector is still partly unexplored. In this paper we analyse the efficacy of the geometric covariance features as a support for the classification of Cultural Heritage point clouds. To analyse the impact of the different features calculated on spherical neighbourhoods at various radius sizes, we present results obtained on four different heritage case studies using different features configurations.</p>

Seismic structure of the Cheb Basin from high resolution surveying – data quality assessment and first results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Banasiak ◽  
Florian Bleibinhaus
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Earthquake Activity ◽  
Seismic Structure ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Eger Rift ◽  
First Results ◽  
Ground Roll ◽  
Variscan Granites ◽  
Cheb Basin

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In this study we present data and preliminary results from several shallow high-resolution seismic surveys in the Cheb Basin, CR, a small intracontinental basin in the North-West Bohemian Massif, located at the Western end of the Cenozoic Eger Rift. The area is well known for its intense earthquake activity, with the largest instrumentally recorded magnitude of M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;=4.6. Macroseismic reports of local seismicity date back to the early 19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;th&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; century, with magnitudes possibly above 5. Quaternary volcanoes, CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-rich moffettes, and the swarm-like occurrence of the earthquakes suggest they are being triggered by crustal fluids. In contrast, most focal mechanisms show a dominant strike-slip component, indicative of tectonics. Investigating the role of fluids in triggering those earthquakes is one of the objectives of an ongoing ICDP program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;We expect high-resolution images of the basin structure to provide additional constraints regarding the importance of tectonic faulting. To that end, we surveyed several up to 3-km-long reflection and refraction profiles in the basin center across the putative Po&amp;#269;&amp;#225;tky-Plesn&amp;#225; Fault, and at its edge, across the basin-bounding Mari&amp;#225;nsk&amp;#233; L&amp;#225;zn&amp;#283; Fault. The up to 350-m-thick basin sediments are mostly of Miocene and Quaternary origin, overlying Paleozoic Variscan units and post-Variscan granites. The main reflectors are around 200-400 ms. The data were collected with a 500-m-long split-spread of single geophones at 2 m spacing, and the raw shots are dominated by ground roll. In this presentation, we will show an overview of the field campaigns and present first results.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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