scholarly journals WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATION USING SURVEILLANCE CAMERA

2022 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W3-2021 ◽  
pp. 257-260
Author(s):  
N. A. Muhadi ◽  
A. F. Abdullah ◽  
S. K. Bejo ◽  
M. R. Mahadi ◽  
A. Mijic
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Image Understanding ◽  
Water Level Fluctuation ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Surveillance Camera ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Flood Index

Abstract. Floods are the most frequent type of natural disaster that cause loss of life and damages to personal property and eventually affect the economic state of the country. Researchers around the world have been made significant efforts in dealing with the flood issue. Computer vision is one of the common approaches being employed which include the use of image segmentation techniques for image understanding and image analysis. The technique has been used in various fields including in flood disaster applications. This paper explores the use of a hybrid segmentation technique in detecting water regions from surveillance images and introduces a flood index calculation to study water level fluctuations. The flood index was evaluated by comparing the result with water level measured by sensor on-site. The experimental results demonstrated that the flood index reflects the trend of water levels of the river. Thus, the proposed technique can be used in detecting water regions and monitoring the water level fluctuation of the river.

scholarly journals Regulation of Vegetation and Evapotranspiration by Water Level Fluctuation in Shallow Lakes

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2651
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Liqiao Liang ◽  
Xiaomin Yuan ◽  
Sirui Yan ◽  
Miao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Water Level Fluctuation ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Open Water Area ◽  
Annual Scale

Water level fluctuations play a critical role in regulating vegetation distribution, composition, cover and richness, which ultimately affect evapotranspiration. In this study, we first explore water level fluctuations and associated impacts on vegetation, after which we assess evapotranspiration (ET) under different water levels. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to estimate the fractional vegetation cover (Fv), while topography- and vegetation-based surface-energy partitioning algorithms (TVET model) and potential evaporation (Ev) were used to calculate ET and water evaporation (Ep). Results show that: (1) water levels were dramatically affected by the combined effect of ecological water transfer and climate change and exhibited significant decreasing trends with a slope of −0.011 m a−2; and (2) as predicted, there was a correlation between water level fluctuation at an annual scale with Phragmites australis (P. australis) cover and open-water area. Water levels also had a controlling effect on Fv values, an increase in annual water levels first increasing and then decreasing Fv. However, a negative correlation was found between Fv values and water levels during initial plant growth stages. (iii) ET, which varied under different water levels at an annual scale, showed different partition into transpiration from P. australis and evaporation from open-water area and soil with alterations between vegetation and open water. All findings indicated that water level fluctuations controlled biological and ecological processes, and their structural and functional characteristics. This study consequently recommends that specifically-focused ecological water regulations (e.g., duration, timing, frequency) should be enacted to maintain the integrity of wetland ecosystems for wetland restoration.

scholarly journals Reproductive success of Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida in eastern Spain in relation to water level variation

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4548
Author(s):  
Álvaro Ortiz Lledó ◽  
Javier Vidal Mateo ◽  
Vicente Urios Moliner
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Water Level Fluctuation ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Whiskered Tern ◽  
Fluctuation Rate ◽  
Chlidonias Hybrida

Background A study on the Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida was carried out between 2002 and 2009 in wetlands of eastern Spain to evaluate how water level fluctuation affects its reproductive success (hatching, fledgling and breeding success). This species is catalogued as Vulnerable in Spain and has an unfavorable conservation status in Europe. Methods Our study includes 18 sampling areas from five wetlands, covering a total of 663 nests, 1,618 eggs, 777 nestlings and 225 fledglings. The colonies were visited at least twice per week in breeding period. The number of eggs and/or nestlings present in each nest were annotated each time the colonies were visited with the aim to compare the evolution of these parameters with time. Hatching success was calculated as the proportion of egg that hatched successfully. Fledgling success and breeding success were calculated as the proportion of chicks that fledged successfully and the proportion of eggs that produced fledglings. We used the Kruskal–Wallis test to analyze the differences in the dependent variables hatching, fledgling and breeding success among the wetlands and the sampling areas. We explored the relationship between the different reproductive success with the average fluctuation rate and the anchoring depth of nests, using statistics of the linear regression. Results It was observed that the reproductive success varied significantly in the interaction among the different categories of water level fluctuation and the different areas (using the Kruskal–Wallis test). Our records showed that pronounced variations in water level destroyed several nests, which affected the Whiskered Tern reproductive success. Considering all events that occurred in 18 areas, the mean (±SD) of nests, eggs and nestlings that were lost after water level fluctuations were of 25.60 ± 21.79%, 32.06 ± 27.58% and 31.91 ± 21.28% respectively, also including the effects of rain and predation. Discussion Unfavorable climatic events, such as strong wind, rain or hail, also caused the loss of nests, eggs and nestlings, even when wetland water levels remained constant. The influence of the anchorage depth of the nest and the water level fluctuation rate were analyzed and did not provide statistically significant results. It was not possible to establish a clear pattern on these latter variables, so further studies are needed to obtain more significant results. We propose to undertake similar studies in wetlands where the water level can be regulated, with the range of nest anchorage depth on the emergent vegetation being between 30 and 60 cm, which could improve the reproductive success in this kind of habitats. As recommendation, in water level controlled wetlands (that use sluices), it should not vary more than ±6 cm in a short time (1–2 days) once the nests are established since it negatively affects their reproductive success.

scholarly journals Seasonal Water Level Fluctuation and Concomitant Change of Nutrients Shift Microeukaryotic Communities in a Shallow Lake

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2317
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Ze Ren ◽  
Xiaodong Qu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Water Level Fluctuation ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Concomitant Change ◽  
Modular Structures

Seasonal water level fluctuations (WLFs) impose dramatic influences on lake ecosystems. The influences of WLFs have been well studied for many lake biotas but the microeukaryotic community remains one of the least-explored features. This study employed high-throughput 18S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of microeukaryotic communities in the dry and wet seasons with concomitant change of nutrients in Poyang Lake, which experiences huge seasonal WLFs. The results showed that the dry season and wet season had distinct microeukaryotic community compositions and structures. In the dry season, Ciliophora (13.86–40.98%) and Cryptomonas (3.69–18.64%) were the dominant taxa, and the relative abundance of these taxa were significant higher in the dry season than wet season. Ochrophyta (6.88–45.67%) and Chlorophyta (6.31–22.10%) was the dominant taxa of microeukaryotic communities in the wet season. The seasonal variation of microeukaryotic communities was strongly correlated to seasonal nutrient variations. Microeukaryotic communities responded significantly to dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate, and soluble reactive phosphorus in the dry season, and correlated to nitrate and total phosphorus in the wet season. The microeukaryotic community showed different modular structures in two seasons, and nutrient variations were the key factors influencing seasonal variations of the modular structures. Moreover, microeukaryotic community networks based on different seasons indicated that the microeukaryotic community co-occurrence patterns were not constant but varied largely associating with the nitrogen and phosphorus variations under the effects of WLFs. Our results are important for understanding how microeukaryotic communities respond to nutrient variation under seasonal water level fluctuation.

scholarly journals Morphology of the Invasive Amphiphyte Alternanthera Philoxeroides Under Different Water Levels and Nitrogen Concentrations

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Ding ◽  
Huayong Zhang ◽  
Fangjuan Zhang ◽  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Songbo Cui
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Water Level Fluctuation ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Clonal Spread

Abstract Water level fluctuation and inorganic nitrogen enrichment are two serious problems caused by anthropogenic disturbances in aquatic ecosystems. They cause resource fluctuation and thus might influence the invasive-ness of alien plants. Alternanthera philoxeroides is an amphibious and widespread clonal plant which exhibits significant invasiveness. This experimental study examined the plant's morphological traits under different nitrogen concentrations and water levels. The responses of A. philoxeroides to water levels and nitrogen concentrations were similar for both land-like and riverbank-like initial conditions. A. philoxeroides showed an escape strategy of shoot elongation when its growth was suppressed by shallow submergence. No toxic symptoms but increased clonal spread was observed at high nitrogen concentrations, suggesting that A. philoxeroides not only tolerated but benefitted from nitrogen-polluted water. High nitrogen level mitigated the negative effects of submergence on its leaf survival, thereby enhancing its adaptation to water level fluctuation. Such strong adaptability and clonal spread helps A. philoxeroides to grow and invade successfully in shallow eutrophic water.

Lake level and trophic state variables among a population of shallow Florida lakes and within individual lakes

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2760-2769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark V Hoyer ◽  
Christine A Horsburgh ◽  
Daniel E Canfield, Jr. ◽  
Roger W Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Water Level Fluctuation ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Florida Lakes ◽  
Lake Level Fluctuation

Monthly total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll concentrations, Secchi depth, and lake water level data for 84 Florida lakes were used to examine relations between trophic state variables and water level fluctuation. Lake size averaged 566 ha (range 4.0 to 5609 ha), with the period of record for individual lakes averaging 57 months (range 7 to 175 months). Lake level fluctuation for individual lakes averaged 1.3 m (range 0.1 to 3.5 m). The lakes also ranged from oligotrophic to hypereutrophic, with average chlorophyll values for individual lakes ranging from 1 to 97 µg·L–1. No overall relation between trophic state variables and lake level fluctuation could be found among the population of lakes. However, individual lakes showed direct, inverse, or no significant relations between lake trophic state variables and water level fluctuation, regardless of the magnitude of water level fluctuation. These data suggest that predicting how water level fluctuations will impact trophic state variables among a population of lakes will be difficult, if not impossible, and that any accurate predictions will have to be made after first examining several mechanisms within individual lake systems.

scholarly journals Effect of Surface Water Level Fluctuations on the Performance of Near-Bank Managed Aquifer Recharge from Injection Wells

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3013
Author(s):  
Peipeng Wu ◽  
Jean-Christophe Comte ◽  
Lijuan Zhang ◽  
Shuhong Wang ◽  
Bin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Managed Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Water Level Fluctuation ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Average Travel Time

Managed aquifer recharge operations are often conducted in near-bank areas to regulate water resources or reduce seawater intrusion. Yet little is known about the influence of surface water level fluctuations at different temporal scales on MAR performance. A generalized conceptual model was developed based on an investigation site in Western China as a basis to simulate the response surface water level fluctuations on the water table, artificially recharged water lens (formed by the artificially recharged water), groundwater flow paths and average travel times (which is an important control on how quickly contaminants are flushed out of aquifers), and the discharge of the artificially recharged aquifer during the surface water level fluctuation. The results showed a fluctuating groundwater table in the artificially recharged near-bank aquifer under the influence of surface water level fluctuations. The peak values of the increment of the groundwater table induced by artificial recharge decreased with the increase of the period and amplitude of surface water level fluctuation, but the trough values of the increment of water table increases with that. The penetration depth of surface water into the aquifer with a fluctuating surface water level leads to a decreasing increment of the groundwater table which follows a power law. The fluctuating surface water level leads to dynamic changes of artificially recharged water lens morphology and a thinner artificially recharged water lens. A mixing zone of recharged water and ambient water could be found in the artificially recharged near-bank area, which is expected to lead to modifications in the geochemical conditions in the artificially recharged near-bank aquifer. A longer period of surface water level fluctuation leads to a longer average travel time, but the larger penetration depth of surface water and amplitude lead to a shorter average travel time. The peak discharge of the near-bank aquifer was found to decrease with the period of surface water level fluctuation, but it increases with penetration depth and amplitude. This study is important in providing insights into the performance of near-bank managed aquifer recharge with respect to surface water level fluctuation.

Mechanism of the Landslides Subject to Water Level Fluctuation

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 1854-1857
Author(s):  
Liang Song ◽  
Huan Qiang Zhang ◽  
Fei Zheng ◽  
Jiang Feng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Water Level Fluctuation ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Deformation And Failure ◽  
Reservoir Landslide ◽  
Starting Point

This paper considers an ideal reservoir landslide with a single slide surface and explores the mechanism of the landslides subject to water level fluctuation by using three-dimensional discrete element software 3DEC. The results show that: the deformation and failure process of reservoir landslide can be generally divided into two phases, i.e., shear-cut failure of leading edge and tension-shear failure of the trailing edge. This study serves as a good starting point for investigating the deformation and failure mechanisms and the safety of practical landslides induced by different water levels.

scholarly journals Responses of Macroinvertebrate Community Temporal Dissimilarity and Abundance to the Water Level Fluctuation Range in a Shallow Lake

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3380
Author(s):  
Shengjun Yan ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Yunlong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Shallow Lake ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Water Level Fluctuation ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Community ◽  
Boosted Regression Trees ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fluctuation Range

Variations in the hydrological regime are among the anthropogenic pressures affecting biological assemblage structure in shallow freshwater lakes. We estimated the effects of the water level fluctuation range on the temporal dissimilarity of the macroinvertebrate community by sampling benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages monthly in 2017 and bimonthly in 2018. Then, we applied a boosted regression trees (BRT) model to quantitatively analyzing the relationship between macroinvertebrate abundance and microhabitat factors in different seasons. To distinguish differences in water level fluctuations at the sample site scale, we proposed a variable, namely, the percentage of water level fluctuation range (PWLFR). The results were as follows. (1) An increased water level fluctuation range would lead to more temporally heterogeneous macroinvertebrate communities. Temporal dissimilarity of macroinvertebrates increased linearly in response to increasing water level fluctuation range. (2) Species abundance presented seasonal characteristics, and the dominant factors affecting species abundance varied with the seasons. PWLFR was the dominant variable explaining macroinvertebrate abundance in summer. Macroinvertebrate abundance showed positive effects with increasing PWLFR. (3) The interaction between chlorophyll a and PWLFR in summer promoted an increase in macroinvertebrate abundance. These findings may provide a basis for the formulation of effective ecological water replenishment management decisions aimed at maintaining the stability of shallow lake ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions.

AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL MONITORING WITH IOT AND LPWAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Krum Videnov ◽  
Vanya Stoykova
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Level Monitoring ◽  
Water Level Monitoring

Monitoring water levels of lakes, streams, rivers and other water basins is of essential importance and is a popular measurement for a number of different industries and organisations. Remote water level monitoring helps to provide an early warning feature by sending advance alerts when the water level is increased (reaches a certain threshold). The purpose of this report is to present an affordable solution for measuring water levels in water sources using IoT and LPWAN. The assembled system enables recording of water level fluctuations in real time and storing the collected data on a remote database through LoRaWAN for further processing and analysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document