scholarly journals Development of a composite soil degradation assessment index for cocoa agroecosystems in southwestern Nigeria

Solid Earth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Adenrele Adeniyi ◽  
Willem Petrus de Clercq ◽  
Adriaan van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Assessment Index

Abstract. Cocoa agroecosystems are a major land-use type in the tropical rainforest belt of West Africa, reportedly associated with several ecological changes, including soil degradation. This study aims to develop a composite soil degradation assessment index (CSDI) for determining the degradation level of cocoa soils under smallholder agroecosystems of southwestern Nigeria. Plots where natural forests have been converted to cocoa agroecosystems of ages 1–10, 11–40, and 41–80 years, respectively representing young cocoa plantations (YCPs), mature cocoa plantations (MCPs), and senescent cocoa plantations (SCPs), were identified to represent the biological cycle of the cocoa tree. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 20 cm in each plot and analysed in terms of their physical, chemical, and biological properties. Factor analysis of soil data revealed four major interacting soil degradation processes: decline in soil nutrients, loss of soil organic matter, increase in soil acidity, and the breakdown of soil textural characteristics over time. These processes were represented by eight soil properties (extractable zinc, silt, soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), available phosphorus, total porosity, pH, and clay content). These soil properties were subjected to forward stepwise discriminant analysis (STEPDA), and the result showed that four soil properties (extractable zinc, cation exchange capacity, SOM, and clay content) are the most useful in separating the studied soils into YCP, MCP, and SCP. In this way, we have sufficiently eliminated redundancy in the final selection of soil degradation indicators. Based on these four soil parameters, a CSDI was developed and used to classify selected cocoa soils into three different classes of degradation. The results revealed that 65 % of the selected cocoa farms are moderately degraded, while 18 % have a high degradation status. The numerical value of the CSDI as an objective index of soil degradation under cocoa agroecosystems was statistically validated. The results of this study reveal that soil management should promote activities that help to increase organic matter and reduce Zn deficiency over the cocoa growth cycle. Finally, the newly developed CSDI can provide an early warning of soil degradation processes and help farmers and extension officers to implement rehabilitation practices on degraded cocoa soils.

scholarly journals Effects of land use changes on the dynamics of selected soil properties in northeast Wellega, Ethiopia

SOIL ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Adugna ◽  
Assefa Abegaz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Land use change can have negative or positive effects on soil quality. Our objective was to assess the effects of land uses changes on the dynamics of selected soil physical and chemical properties. Soil samples were collected from three adjacent soil plots under different land uses, namely forestland, grazing land, and cultivated land at 0–15 cm depth. Changes in soil properties on cultivated and grazing land were computed and compared to forestland, and ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to test the significance of the changes. Sand and silt proportions, soil organic content, total nitrogen content, acidity, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable Ca2+ content were higher in forestlands. Exchangeable Mg2+ was highest in grazing land, while clay, available phosphorous, and exchangeable K+ were highest in cultivated land. The percentage changes in sand, clay, soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ were higher in cultivated land than in grazing land and forestland. In terms of the relation between soil properties, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable Ca2+ were strongly positively correlated with most of soil properties, while available phosphorous and silt have no significant relationship with any of the other considered soil properties. Clay has a negative correlation with all soil properties. Generally, cultivated land has the least concentration of soil physical and chemical properties except clay and available phosphorous, which suggests an increasing degradation rate in soils of cultivated land. So as to increase soil organic matter and other nutrients in the soil of cultivated land, the integrated implementation of land management through compost, cover crops, manures, minimum tillage, crop rotation, and liming to decrease soil acidity are suggested.

scholarly journals Relationship of soil properties to fractionation, bioavailability and mobility of lead and zinc in soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Finžgar ◽  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
D. Leštan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content

Sequential extractions, metal uptake by <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, Ruby&rsquo;s physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), were used to assess the risk of Pb and Zn in contaminated soils, and to determine relationships among soil characteristics, heavy metals soil fractionation, bioavailability and leachability. Regression analysis using linear and 2nd order polynomial models indicated relationships between Pb and Zn contamination and soil properties, although of small significance (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Statistically highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were obtained using multiple regression analysis. A correlation between soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter and clay content was expected. The proportion of Pb in the PBET intestinal phase correlated with total soil Pb and Pb bound to soil oxides and the organic matter fraction. The leachable Pb, extracted with TCLP, correlated with the Pb bound to carbonates and soil organic matter content (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 69%). No highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) for Zn with soil properties or Zn fractionation were obtained using multiple regression.

scholarly journals Influence of brick manufacturing on phosphorus and sulfur in different agro-ecological soils of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Reshma Akter ◽  
Md Jamal Uddin ◽  
Md Faruque Hossain ◽  
Zakia Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Total P

A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of brick manufacturing on phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) concentrations in soil and plant collected from different distances of brick kilns in four AEZs of Bangladesh. Forty eight composite soil samples (0 - 15 cm depth) were collected from 48 points in 12 different sites at 0 m, 300 m, 800 m and 1500 m from brick kilns, where most (site 2, site 3, site 5, site 6, site 7, site 9 and site 10) of the brick kilns used coal for brick burning purposes. Plant samples (rice straw and different vegetables) were also collected from the respective fields except 0 m distances. Significantly (p ? 0.05) lower organic matter, cation exchange capacity, clay content and soil pH were found at 0 m distances compared to other distances. Highest concentration of total P in soil were recorded at 0 m distances and these concentrations decreased with increasing distances from the brick kilns in most of the sites; whereas available P is significantly lower at 0 m distances than that of other distances. Total and available concentration of S in soil followed the trend 0 m>300 m>800 m>1500 m. Maximum accumulation of P (69.15 mg kg-1) and S (0.14%) in plant was found at 800 m away from the brick kiln.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 123-131, December-2016

Influence of organic waste amendments on selected soil physical and chemical properties

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
E. Hogue ◽  
D. Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Exchange Capacity

Sandy, infertile soils can benefit from the addition of organic waste amendments. Annual applications of organic wastes for as long as 4 yr increased soil organic matter content, decreased soil bulk density, and increased soil water retention of a coarse-textured soil. However, soil water-holding capacity was not necessarily increased, and there was a limited effect on soil cation exchange capacity. Key words: Cation exchange capacity, water retention, soil pH, soil organic matter, soil bulk density

scholarly journals SOIL PROPERTIES AND NUTRIENT ELEMENT STATUS OF COCONUT LEAVES UNDER DEFFERENT CROPPING PATTERNS

CORD ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Doah Dekok Tarigans
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Nutrient Element ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of six co­conut cropping patterns on the soil properties and nutrient element status of coconut leaves. The experiments were carried out from August 1984 to May 1985 in Silang, Cavite, Philippines. Data on‑soil properties and nutrient element starus of coconut leaves were statistically analyzed in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Six cropping patterns in coconut with four species of perennial crops as intercrops, namely: banana, papaya, coffee and pineapple were used in this study. The organic matter, pH and cation exchange capacity of the soils did not differ significantly with cropping pattern although intensively cropped farms tended to have higher organic matter' and cation exchange capacity values. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the top soil were significantly higher in most intensive intercropped farms, but calcium and magnesium did not vary significantly. Moisture content, waterholding capacity, bulk density and particle density of the soil did not show significant difference with cropping patterns. Likewise, the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the soil remained statistically the same. Leaf nitrogen and calcium, in­creased while potassium decreased with intensity of cropping. Phosphorus and magnesium showed no definite trend.

Spatial variability of uncultivated soils in derived savanna

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Obalum ◽  
J. Oppong ◽  
C.A. Igwe ◽  
Y. Watanabe ◽  
M.E. Obi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Matter Concentration

Abstract The spatial variability of some physicochemical properties of topsoils/subsoils under secondary forest, grassland fallow, and bare-soil fallow of three locations was evaluated. The data were analyzed and described using classical statistical parameters. Based on the coefficient of variation, bulk density, total porosity, 60-cm-tension moisture content, and soil pH were of low variability. Coarse and fine sand were of moderate variability. Highly variable soil properties included silt, clay, macroporosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter concentration, and cation exchange capacity. Overall, soil pH and silt varied the least and the most, respectively. Relative weighting showed that location dominantly influenced the soil variability, except for soil porosity and organic matter concentration influenced mostly by land use. Most of the soil data were normally distributed; others were positively skewed and/or kurtotic. The minimum number of samples (at 25 samples ha-1) required to estimate mean values of soil properties was highly soil property-specific, ranging from 1 (topsoil pH-H2O) to 246 (topsoil silt). Cation exchange capacity of subsoils related fairly strongly with cation exchange capacity of topsoils (R2 = 0.63). Spatial variability data can be used to extrapolate dynamic soil properties across a derived-savanna landscape.

scholarly journals Spatial Variability of Soil Organic Matter and Cation Exchange Capacity in an Oxisol under Different Land Uses

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 75-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Paz Ferreiro ◽  
Vicente Pereira De Almeida ◽  
Marlene Cristina Alves ◽  
Cleide Aparecida De Abreu ◽  
Sidney R. Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Land Uses

scholarly journals Development of a composite soil degradation assessment index for cocoa agroforests under tropical conditions of southwest Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Adenrele Adeniyi ◽  
Willem Petrus de Clercq ◽  
Adriaan van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

Abstract. Cocoa agroforestry is a major landuse type in the tropical rainforest belt of West Africa, reportedly associated with several ecological changes, including soil degradation. This study aims to develop a composite soil degradation assessment index (CSDI) for determining the degradation level of cocoa soils under smallholder agroforests of southwest Nigeria. Plots where natural forests have been converted to cocoa plantations of ages 1–10 years, 11–40 years and 41–80 years, respectively representing young cocoa plantations (YCP), mature cocoa plantations (MCP) and senescent cocoa plantations (SCP) were identified to represent the biological cycle of the cocoa tree. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0–20 cm in each plot and analysed in terms of their physical, chemical and biological properties. Factor analysis of soil data revealed four major interacting soil degradation processes, decline in soil nutrient, loss of soil organic matter, increase in soil acidity and the breakdown of soil textural characteristics over time. These processes were represented by eight soil properties (extractable zinc, silt, SOM, CEC, available phosphorus, total porosity, pH, and clay). These soil properties were subjected to forward stepwise discriminant analysis (STEPDA), and the result showed that four soil properties (extractable zinc; cation exchange capacity; soil organic matter and clay) have the highest power to separate the studied soils into YCP, MCP and SCP. In this way, we hope to have controlled sufficiently for redundancy in the final selection of soil degradation indicators. Based on these four soil parameters, CSDI was developed and used to classify selected cocoa soils into three (3) different classes of degradation. The results revealed that 65 % of the selected cocoa farms are moderately degraded, while 18 % have a high degradation status. Finally, the value of the CSDI as an objective index of soil degradation under cocoa agroforests was statistically validated.

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