scholarly journals Transformation of <i>n</i>-alkanes from plant to soil: a review

SOIL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 785-809
Author(s):  
Carrie L. Thomas ◽  
Boris Jansen ◽  
E. Emiel van Loon ◽  
Guido L. B. Wiesenberg
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Lipid Biomarkers ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Future Data

Abstract. Despite the importance of soil organic matter (SOM) in the global carbon cycle, there remain many open questions regarding its formation and preservation. The study of individual organic compound classes that make up SOM, such as lipid biomarkers including n-alkanes, can provide insight into the cycling of bulk SOM. While studies of lipid biomarkers, particularly n-alkanes, have increased in number in the past few decades, only a limited number have focused on the transformation of these compounds following deposition in soil archives. We performed a systematic review to consolidate the available information on plant-derived n-alkanes and their transformation from plant to soil. Our major findings were (1) a nearly ubiquitous trend of decreased total concentration of n-alkanes either with time in litterbag experiments or with depth in open plant–soil systems and (2) preferential degradation of odd-chain length and shorter chain length n-alkanes represented by a decrease in either carbon preference index (CPI) or odd-over-even predominance (OEP) with depth, indicating degradation of the n-alkane signal or a shift in vegetation composition over time. The review also highlighted a lack of data transparency and standardization across studies of lipid biomarkers, making analysis and synthesis of published data time-consuming and difficult. We recommend that the community move towards more uniform and systematic reporting of biomarker data. Furthermore, as the number of studies examining the complete leaf–litter–soil continuum is very limited as well as unevenly distributed over geographical regions, climate zones, and soil types, future data collection should focus on underrepresented areas as well as quantifying the transformation of n-alkanes through the complete continuum from plant to soil.

scholarly journals Transformation of <i>n</i>-alkanes from plant to soil: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie L. Thomas ◽  
Boris Jansen ◽  
E. Emiel van Loon ◽  
Guido L. B. Wiesenberg
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Lipid Biomarkers ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Future Data

Abstract. Despite the importance of soil organic matter (SOM) in the global carbon cycle, there remain many open questions regarding its formation and preservation. The study of individual organic compound classes that make up SOM, such as lipid biomarkers including n-alkanes, can provide insight into the cycling of bulk SOM. While studies of lipid biomarkers, particularly n-alkanes, have increased in number in the past few decades, only a limited number have focused on the transformation of these compounds following deposition in soil archives. We performed a systematic review to consolidate the available information on plant-derived n-alkanes and their transformation from plant to soil. Our major findings were 1) a nearly ubiquitous trend of decreased total concentration of n-alkanes either with time in litterbag experiments or with depth in open plant-soil systems, 2) a decrease in either Carbon Preference Index (CPI) or Odd-over-Even Predominance (OEP) with depth, indicating degradation of the n-alkane signal or a shift in vegetation composition over time, and 3) preferential degradation of odd chain length and shorter chain length n-alkanes. The review also highlighted a lack of data transparency and standardization across studies of lipid biomarkers, making analysis and synthesis of published data time-consuming and difficult. We recommend that the community move towards more uniform and systematic reporting of biomarker data. Furthermore, as the number of studies examining the complete leaf-litter-soil continuum is very limited as well as unevenly distributed over geographical regions, climate zones, and soil types, future data collection should focus on underrepresented areas as well as quantifying the transformation of n-alkanes through the complete continuum of plant to soil.

Agricultural Wastes and Its Applications in Plant-Soil Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi ◽  
Umair Mubarak ◽  
Nukshab Zeeshan ◽  
Muhammad Mahroz Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Ashar Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Systems

Risk of lymphoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A retrospective analysis on East Harlem population.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12526-e12526
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Alderuccio ◽  
Luis Quiel ◽  
Themis Ntalageorgos ◽  
Andrea M. Popescu-Martinez ◽  
Nora V. Bergasa
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
One Year

e12526 Background: The association between chronic hepatitis C (HCV) and lymphoma, especially non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), has been conflicting, varies among different geographical regions, and its prevalence has been calculated to be 10-15%. It is postulated that HCV may produce a sustained stimulation of B-cells, providing a rationale for a potential association between this virus and NHL. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of NHL on HCV patients in a population subgroup of New York City. Methods: IRB approved retrospective study of adult patients with HCV seen at our Institution from January 2001 to July 2006 with at least one year of follow-up. HCV serology data were collected. Pathology reports were reviewed. Patients on chronic immunosuppressive therapy, previous oncologic treatment, autoimmune disease or HIV with CD4 count <200/mm3 for two years were excluded. Results: 510 patients were included, 3 of which (0.6%) developed NHL after the HCV diagnosis. NHL subtypes were marginal zone and diffuse large B-cell (2 patients). 354(69.4%) were men and median age was 58 years (29-96). Ethnicity distribution was Hispanic 303(59.4%), Black 150(29.4%), Caucasian 49(9.6%) and Asian 8(1.6%). Risks for viral hepatitis were IV drugs 393(77%), not identified 92(18%) and 25(5%) had others factors including hemodialysis, sex and blood transfusion. 504(98.8%) patients had positive HCV antibodies, 6(1.2%) with only positive PCR and 402(78.8%) with both positive. HCV-PCR was not performed in 102(20%) subjects with positive antibodies. Hepatitis B surface antigen was also positive in 7(1.3%) patients. Median follow-up was 72 months (12-468) with an interquartile range of 68.8, 181(35.6%) patients were alive, 90(17.6%) had died and 239(46.8%) were not seen for 2 or more years. The margin of error of the study was 0.04(4%). Conclusions: The prevalence of NHL in our population was 0.6% and is lower than current published data. This finding may be explained by the high prevalence of Hispanics in our study and their known lower incidence of lymphoma respect to Caucasians. Longer periods of follow-up and further investigations in environmental and genetic factors are necessary to confirm these results.

Winter climate change in plant–soil systems: summary of recent findings and future perspectives

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobayashi Makoto ◽  
Takuya Kajimoto ◽  
Lina Koyama ◽  
Gaku Kudo ◽  
Hideaki Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Winter Climate Change

N2O flux from plant-soil systems in polar deserts switch between sources and sinks under different light conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine J. Stewart ◽  
Martin E. Brummell ◽  
Richard E. Farrell ◽  
Steven D. Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Light Conditions ◽  
N2o Flux ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Systems

Carbon allocation in Larrea tridentata plant-soil systems as affected by elevated soil moisture and N availability

2014 ◽  
Vol 378 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. J. Verburg ◽  
Sheila E. Kapitzke ◽  
Bryan A. Stevenson ◽  
Marion Bisiaux
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Systems

scholarly journals Input-Output Budget of Nitrogen and the Effect of Experimentally Changed Deposition in the Forest Ecosystems in Central Japan

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 472-479
Author(s):  
Junko Shindo ◽  
Tamon Fumoto ◽  
Noriko Oura ◽  
Hideshige Toda ◽  
Hiroyuki Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
N Input

To evaluate the current nitrogen (N) status in Japanese forests, field measurements of rainfall, throughfall, litter layer percolation, and soil solution percolation were conducted in a red pine stand (Kannondai) and a deciduous stand (Yasato) located in central Japan. N input via throughfall was 31 and 14 kg ha–1year–1and output below rooting zone was 9.6 and 5.5 kg ha1year–1in Kannondai and in Yasato, respectively. Two thirds of input N were retained in plant-soil systems. Manipulation of N input was carried out. Ionic constituents were removed from throughfall with ion exchange resin at removal sites and ammonium nitrate containing twice the N of the throughfall was applied at N addition sites periodically. SO42–output below 20-cm soil layer changed depending on the input, while NO3–output was regulated mainly by the internal cycle and effect of manipulation was undetected. These Japanese stands were generally considered to have a larger capacity to assimilate N than NITREX sites in Europe. However, N output fluxes had large spatial variability and some sites in Kannondai showed high N leaching below rooting zone almost balanced with the input via throughfall.

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