scholarly journals Assisted Reproductive Technologies and the Conceptualization of Ageing in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Anindita Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
North India ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Family ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Ambivalent Relationship ◽  
Gendered Expectations

Through a mapping of field data collected from two parts of India: Hisar in North India and Hyderabad in South India, this paper looks at the ways in which reproductive decline and ageing have become part of the discourse on assisted reproduction in India. The importance of mapping reproductive decline in different clinics and regional spaces highlights certain shared and distinct conflicts. The thematic discussions of the research findings place the privileging of temporalities in an ambivalent relationship with chronological ageing and reproductive decline. The linkages between ageing and infertility/fertility are more marked in the infertility clinic wherein the diagnostic protocols and treatment towards achieving parenthood are evaluated through the prism of social and moral judgements. Rural-urban differences, gendered expectations of familial roles and rules, and lived environments and lifestyles have a huge impact on the use and dissemination of assisted reproductive technologies in India. In this paper, social expectations surrounding fertility, children, and the family become part of the clinical discourse in the administration of assisted reproductive technologies; and carry important implications for ageing and age-related markers of status and role. 

scholarly journals TERRA: A Novel Biomarker of Embryo Quality and Art Outcome

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Maria Santa Rocca ◽  
Ludovica Dusi ◽  
Andrea Di Nisio ◽  
Erminia Alviggi ◽  
Benedetta Iussig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
First Time

Telomeres are considered to be an internal biological clock, and their progressive shortening has been associated with the risk of age-related diseases and reproductive alterations. Over recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the association between telomere length and fertility, identifying sperm telomere length (STL) as a novel biomarker of male fertility. Although typically considered to be repeated DNA sequences, telomeres have recently been shown to also include a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) known as TERRA (telomeric repeat-containing RNAs). Interestingly, males with idiopathic infertility show reduced testicular TERRA expression, suggesting a link between TERRA and male fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of seminal TERRA expression in embryo quality. To this end, STL and TERRA expression were quantified by Real Time qPCR in the semen of 35 men who underwent assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and 30 fertile men. We found that TERRA expression in semen and STL was reduced in patients that underwent ART (both p < 0.001). Interestingly, TERRA and STL expressions were positively correlated (p = 0.010), and TERRA expression was positively associated with embryo quality (p < 0.001). These preliminary findings suggest a role for TERRA in the maintenance of sperm telomere integrity during gametogenesis, and for the first time, TERRA expression was found as a predictive factor for embryo quality in the setting of assisted reproduction.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Increased Vulnerability of the Ageing Oocyte to Oxidative Damage

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina P. Mihalas ◽  
Kate A. Redgrove ◽  
Eileen A. McLaughlin ◽  
Brett Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Spindle Assembly Checkpoint ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Protein Repair ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Age Related

In their midthirties, women experience a decline in fertility, coupled to a pronounced increase in the risk of aneuploidy, miscarriage, and birth defects. Although the aetiology of such pathologies are complex, a causative relationship between the age-related decline in oocyte quality and oxidative stress (OS) is now well established. What remains less certain are the molecular mechanisms governing the increased vulnerability of the aged oocyte to oxidative damage. In this review, we explore the reduced capacity of the ageing oocyte to mitigate macromolecular damage arising from oxidative insults and highlight the dramatic consequences for oocyte quality and female fertility. Indeed, while oocytes are typically endowed with a comprehensive suite of molecular mechanisms to moderate oxidative damage and thus ensure the fidelity of the germline, there is increasing recognition that the efficacy of such protective mechanisms undergoes an age-related decline. For instance, impaired reactive oxygen species metabolism, decreased DNA repair, reduced sensitivity of the spindle assembly checkpoint, and decreased capacity for protein repair and degradation collectively render the aged oocyte acutely vulnerable to OS and limits their capacity to recover from exposure to such insults. We also highlight the inadequacies of our current armoury of assisted reproductive technologies to combat age-related female infertility, emphasising the need for further research into mechanisms underpinning the functional deterioration of the ageing oocyte.

scholarly journals The Biological Clock: Age, Risk, and the Biopolitics of Reproductive Time

Sex Roles ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Yopo Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Time Reproduction ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Women’S Views

Abstract The present article explores the social and subjective dimensions of the biological clock and its implications for reproductive time through a qualitative study based on 40 life story interviews of women from Santiago de Chile. Although the narrative of the biological clock has become a prevalent frame for addressing reproductive time in the context of late childbearing, age-related infertility, and the use of assisted reproductive technologies, few studies engage in an in-depth analysis of the biological clock—its boundaries, dynamics, and the particular ways in which it shapes women’s views and experiences of reproductive time. The present article aims to advance current knowledge on the intersection of time, reproduction, and biopolitics by arguing that the biological clock regulates reproductive time by shaping the boundaries and dynamics of female fertility through the clock. By determining reproductive time as quantitative, standardised, linear, and irreversible and by outlining the passing of time through pressure, risk, and burden, the biological clock determines when it is possible and desirable to have children and regulates reproduction, gender, and the female life course. These findings highlight the importance of critically addressing the narrative of the biological clock and its implications for women’s views and experiences of reproductive time.

scholarly journals Assessment of the health status of infants born from women of the late reproductive period

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Kh. M. Omarova ◽  
E. S.-А. Ibragimova ◽  
T. Kh.-M. Khashaeva ◽  
I. Kh. Magomedova ◽  
R. G. Omarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group I

Objective. To assess the condition of newborns from women of the late reproductive period (LRP), depending on the parity of births.Material and methods. The authors examined 130 pregnant women and their 130 newborns. Group I consisted of 60 primiparous women of late reproductive period and their 60 newborns, Group II included 40 multiparous women of the late reproductive period and their 40 newborns, Group III (control group) consisted of 30 healthy pregnant women aged from 18 to 25 years and their 30 newborns. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of the gestation course and perinatal outcomes. Ultrasound and neurosonography were used among the instrumental research methods.Results. Women of the late reproductive period gave birth to children in a state of asphyxia twice more often, who develop neurological disorders 1,5 times more often and complex postnatal adaptation and disorders of the perinatal period are twice more likely. Among women of the late reproductive period, primiparous women gave birth to children with the most severe disorders.Conclusion. The high incidence of neurological diseases in children born from women of the late reproductive period is associated with age-related changes in their germ cells, the implementation of assisted reproductive technologies, and the intake of hormonal drugs in early pregnancy. The data obtained should be taken into account by obstetricians in the course of pregnancy in women of late reproductive age; they should be included in the group of high risk of developing neurological disorders in children.

scholarly journals OVARIAN INFERTILITY FACTOR IN PATIENTS OF LATE REPRODUCTIVE AGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
K. V. Uryupina ◽  
I. I. Kutsenko ◽  
E. I. Kravtsova ◽  
P. A. Gavryuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Follicular Reserve

Objective: in women over 35 years of age, there is a progressive and age-related decline in fertility, which is due to multiple consequences, including a decrease in follicular reserve. Cytokines play a role, mediating the interaction between oocytes and other cells. In addition, there is a change in the expression of mRNA of a number of genes, leading to a decrease in the ability to bear children. The goal is to highlight the problem of reducing fertility in women of older reproductive age. Materials and methods: medLine, Pubmed, RISC, etc. Results: analysis of literature data shows that fertility decline is determined by a combination of physiological, molecular and genetic factors that play an increasing role as we age.Conclusion: the development of modern technology can solve the problem of infertility in the vast majority of cases. However, the lack of effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) for women over 35 years of age requires optimizing a care strategy for these women.

scholarly journals Parenting in today's world – new trends

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
M.E. Lantsburg
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
First Century ◽  
Family Crisis ◽  
First Child ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Russian Research

The twentieth century marked a number of significant changes in the social development, there have been significant changes in the development of the institution of the family. But if a family crisis was the subject of many articles and books, some new trends with regard to human parenthood paid not much attention. This article provides an overview of foreign and Russian research aimed at ascertaining and understanding appeared in the twentieth century and have been widely used in the twenty-first century phenomena related to parenthood, such as the decline in fertility, the voluntary renunciation of child birth, delaying the birth of their first child, the use of assisted reproductive technologies. The article also presents the results of research carried out under the supervision of the author

scholarly journals The role of mitophagy during oocyte aging in human, mouse and Drosophila; implications for oocyte quality and mitochondrial disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel T. Cox ◽  
Joanna Poulton ◽  
Suzannah Alice Williams
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Mtdna Mutations ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Maternal Aging

There is a worldwide trend for women to have their first pregnancy later in life. However, as oocyte quality declines with maternal aging, this trend leads to an increase in subfertility. The cellular mechanisms underlying this decline in oocyte competence are poorly understood. Oocyte mitochondria are the subcellular organelles that supply the energy that drives early embryogenesis, and thus their quality is critical for successful conception. Mitochondria contain their own DNA (mtDNA) and mutations in mtDNA cause mitochondrial diseases with severe symptoms, such as neurodegeneration and heart disease. Since mitochondrial function declines in tissues as humans age accompanied by an accumulation of mtDNA mutations, mtDNA is implicated as a cause of declining oocyte quality in older mothers. While this mutation load could be caused by declining accuracy of the mitochondrial replisome, age-related decline in mitochondrial quality control likely contributes however knowledge is lacking. Mitophagy, a cellular process which specifically targets and recycles damaged mitochondria, may be involved, but studies are scarce. And although assisted reproductive technologies (ART) can help older mothers, how these techniques affect the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial and oocyte quality have not been studied. With the long-term goal of understanding the molecular mechanisms that control mitochondrial quality in the oocyte, model systems including Drosophila and mouse as well as human oocytes have been used. In this review we explore the contribution of mitophagy to oocyte quality and the need for further systematic investigation in oocytes during maternal aging using different systems.

scholarly journals Generation of monogenetic cattle by different techniques of embryonic cell and somatic cell cloning - their application to biotechnological, agricultural, nutritional, biomedical and transgenic research

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Skrzyszowska ◽  
Marcin Samiec
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Cell Cloning ◽  
Genetic Rescue ◽  
The Family ◽  
Current Article

AbstractThe development of effective approaches for not only the in vitro maturation (IVM) of heifer/cow oocytes and their extracorporeal fertilization (IVF) but also the non-surgical collection and transfer of bovine embryos has given rise to optimizing comprehensive in vitro embryo production (IVP) technology and improving other assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), such as cattle cloning by embryo bisection, embryonic cell nuclear transfer (ECNT) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The primary goal of the present paper is to demonstrate the progress and achievements in the strategies utilized for embryonic cell cloning and somatic cell cloning in cattle. Moreover, the current article is focused on recognizing and identifying the suitability and reliability of bovine cloning techniques for nutritional biotechnology, agri-food and biopharmaceutical industry, biomedical and transgenic research and for the genetic rescue of endangered or extinct breeds and species of domesticated or wild-living artiodactyl mammals (even-toed ungulates) originating from the family Bovidae.

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