scholarly journals Hands Up, Now What?: Black Families’ Reactions to Racial Socialization Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
Riana Elyse Anderson ◽  
Isha Metzger ◽  
Kimberly Applewhite ◽  
Broderick Sawyer ◽  
William Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Racial Socialization ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Black Families ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Family Learning ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Wellness ◽  
Racial Stress

Given the heightened national attention to negative race-related issues and the subsequent community solution-oriented outcry (e.g., Black Lives Matter movement), it is crucial to address healing from racial discrimination for Black Americans. Clinical and community psychologists have responded by developing and implementing programs that focus on racial socialization and psychological wellness, particularly given disproportionate issues with utilization, access, and the provision of quality services within urban and predominantly Black communities. The aim of this article is to describe 2 applied programs (Engaging, Managing, and Bonding through Race and Family Learning Villages), which seek to address and heal racial stress through crucial proximal systems—families and schools—and to highlight participant reactions. These programs offer solutions through strengths-based and participatory approaches which draw from Black Americans’ own protective mechanisms related to improved mental health. We conclude with a discussion on practice, assessments, and models specific to racial stress for researchers, practitioners, and consumers of mental health services.

scholarly journals The Mass Criminalization of Black Americans: A Historical Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hinton ◽  
DeAnza Cook
Keyword(s):  
Crime Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Colonial Era

This review synthesizes the historical literature on the criminalization and incarceration of black Americans for an interdisciplinary audience. Drawing on key insights from new histories in the field of American carceral studies, we trace the multifaceted ways in which policymakers and officials at all levels of government have used criminal law, policing, and imprisonment as proxies for exerting social control in predominantly black communities from the colonial era to the present. By underscoring this antiblack punitive tradition in America as central to the development of crime-control strategies and mass incarceration, our review lends vital historical context to ongoing discussions, research, and experimentation within criminology and other fields concerned about the long-standing implications of institutional racism, violence, and inequity entrenched in the administration of criminal justice in the United States from the top down and the ground up. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Criminology, Volume 4 is January 13, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Conscription and the Color Line: Rawls, Race and Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Brandon M. Terry
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Black Families ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Color Line ◽  
Racial Injustice ◽  
Black Poverty

This article revisits one of John Rawls's rare forays into activist politics, his proposal presented to the Harvard faculty, calling for a denunciation of the “2-S” system of student deferments from conscription. In little-studied archival papers, Rawls argued that the draft both exposed “background” structural racial injustice and constituted a burdening of black Americans that violated the norms of fair cooperation. Rather than obscuring racial injustice and focusing exclusively on economic inequality, as Charles Mills has claimed, Rawls rejected the ascendant conservative views that naturalized black poverty or else attributed it to cultural pathologies in black families. Thus Rawls found nothing illicit in taking the position of a disadvantaged racial group as a relevant comparison when applying his ideal theory to nonideal circumstances. However, I contend in this article that Rawls's account of political philosophy as an attempt to find a consensus may be similarly ideological, leading him to displace the reality of conflict through begging descriptions, expressivist formulations, and historical romanticism.

Do Racial Differences in Coping Resources Explain the Black–White Paradox in Mental Health? A Test of Multiple Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 002214652110410
Author(s):  
Patricia Louie ◽  
Laura Upenieks ◽  
Christy L. Erving ◽  
Courtney S. Thomas Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Health Study ◽  
White Americans

A central paradox in the mental health literature is the tendency for black Americans to report similar or better mental health than white Americans despite experiencing greater stress exposure. However, black Americans’ higher levels of certain coping resources may explain this finding. Using data from the Nashville Stress and Health Study (n = 1,186), we examine whether black Americans have higher levels of self-esteem, social support, religious attendance, and divine control than white Americans and whether these resources, in turn, explain the black–white paradox in mental health. In adjusted models, the black–white paradox holds for depressive symptoms and any DSM-IV disorder. Findings indicate that black Americans have higher levels of self-esteem, family social support, and religiosity than white Americans. Causal mediation techniques reveal that self-esteem has the largest effect in explaining black–white differences in depressive symptoms, whereas divine control has the largest effect in explaining differences in disorder.

scholarly journals Income and Self-Rated Mental Health: Diminished Returns for High Income Black Americans

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Lisa Lapeyrouse ◽  
Harold Neighbors
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
High Income

scholarly journals Resilience in LGB Youths: A Systematic Review of Protection Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (66) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Fonseca Freitas ◽  
Susana Coimbra ◽  
Anne Marie Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Positive Adjustment ◽  
Lgb Youth ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Heterosexual Youth

Abstract: Given the mental health disparities among LGB and heterosexual youth, literature has increasingly emphasized the need to identify the mechanisms that promote resilience among sexual minorities. This systematic review sought to answer the question: what are the protection mechanisms against homophobia among LGB youth? Of the 147 references located in the search, 13 studies were analyzed. The identified protection mechanisms were organized by two criteria: specific to sexual orientation or general, and considered to be at the personal, relational and contextual level. Most of the mechanisms revealed to solely promote the positive adjustment in the presence of risk. General protective mechanisms frequently revealed to be more compensatory of the risks than those specific to sexual orientation.

Feasibility of Disaster Mental Health Preparedness Training for Black Communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle J. Laborde ◽  
Kathryn Magruder ◽  
Joanne Caye ◽  
Theodore Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Disaster Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Training ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Process Data

AbstractObjectivesTo test the feasibility of developing evidence-based mental health training to build capacity to respond to natural disasters in black communities and the adaptation of a train-the-trainer (TTT) model for black community leaders and clinical providers in distressed areas at risk of natural disasters.MethodsA core curriculum was developed based on a training needs assessment and resource review. Participants were recruited using network sampling in eastern North Carolina. The core curriculum was tested for usability, revised, and then pilot tested among five mental health providers. Three of the five were trained to lead one-day workshops tailored for black community leaders and clinical providers. Process data were collected, and workshop participants completed posttraining knowledge tests, evaluation forms, and debriefing focus groups.ResultsTen providers and 13 community leaders pilot tested the training. Posttest knowledge scores were generally higher among clinical providers. Perceived effectiveness of training was higher among community-based organization leaders than clinical providers. Evaluations indicated that the workshop components were culturally relevant and well received by all participants. We identified ways to facilitate recruitment, provide optional e-learning, evaluate effectiveness, and extend trainer support in future field trials.ConclusionThe curriculum and TTT model provide culturally competent disaster mental health preparedness training for black communities. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:302-312)

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