scholarly journals From the original article to the summary for patients: Reformulation procedures in intralingual translation

Author(s):  
Ana Muñoz-Miquel

The wider access to information and the tendency toward patient education have increased the demand for medical texts aimed at a wide, non-specialized, heterogeneous audience. In this context, it is essential to know what procedures are required to make specialized knowledge accessible to non-experts. This paper presents a corpus-based exploratory study that describes the procedures employed to reformulate, intralingually, medical knowledge from a highly specialized genre, the original article (OA), into a genre derived directly from it but addressed to laymen, namely, the summary for patients (SP). The linguistic and textual changes that take place when translating an OA into an SP are taken as the basis for explaining the reformulation procedures used. The results of the study contribute to the characterization of the SP from a text genre perspective, and provide keys to writing and reformulating for both medical translators and experts in the field, who are often called upon to carry out these intralingual translations.

Author(s):  
Dmitriy Mikhel

The problems of epidemics have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. The history of epidemics has its own historiography, which dates to the physician Hippocrates and the historian Thucydides. Up to the 19th century, historians followed their ideas, but due to the progress in medical knowledge that began at that time, they almost lost interest in the problems of epidemics. In the early 20th century, due to the development of microbiology and epidemiology, a new form of the historiography of epidemics emerged: the natural history of diseases which was developed by microbiologists. At the same time, medical history was reborn, and its representatives saw their task as proving to physicians the usefulness of studying ancient medical texts. Among the representatives of the new generation of medical historians, authors who contributed to the development of the historiography of epidemics eventually emerged. By the end of the 20th century, they included many physician-enthusiasts. Since the 1970s, influenced by many factors, more and more professional historians, for whom the history of epidemics is an integral part of the history of society. The last quarter-century has also seen rapid growth in popular historiography of epidemics, made possible by the activation of various humanities researchers and journalists trying to make the history of epidemics more lively and emotional. A great influence on the spread of new approaches to the study of the history of epidemics is now being exerted by the media, focusing public attention on the new threats to human civilization in the form of modern epidemics.


Author(s):  
Mohamed Makhlouf ◽  
Oihab Allal-Chérif

This article aims to study the strategic transformative value dimensions of cloud computing. Organizational requirements, managerial strategic objectives, and their attendant challenges are very specific indicators that enable characterization of these dimensions. An exploratory study of 173 cases of companies, covering 17 distinct economic activity sectors, spread over all continents, was conducted, taking into account contingency factors such as culture, size, and structure. The elements of industry, strategy, and technology were also considered, as well as managerial cognition. The analyses of needs, objectives, challenges, implemented solutions, and results of the transformation to cloud computing, enabled us to identify these dimensions. Strategies to maximize the transformative value of cloud computing are then presented. The results of this study can be used by managers to facilitate and optimize this cloud computing transformation.


Author(s):  
Donald W. Winnicott

This essay deals with the problems of communicating medical knowledge to parents who have a different kind of knowledge of their children. Winnicott describes and applauds the fact that the State in England allows parents freedom to choose to accept or refuse what the State offers in the way of helping programmes. He also stresses the importance of a doctor respecting the specialized knowledge of the parent when it comes to treating the ill child.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Jaylinne Ribeiro Morais ◽  
Thiago Rêgo Vanderley ◽  
Rômulo Diego Monte Soares ◽  
Augusto Everton Dias Castro ◽  
Sarah Nilkece Mesquita Araújo ◽  
...  

Objectives: To characterize cancer patients with oral mucositis treated at a private health facility. Methodology: An exploratory study with descriptive quantitative approach developed in 87 patients in a private practice oncology in Teresina, PI, from August 2011 to January 2012. Results: Findings indicated the prevalence of oral mucositis in males and in the age groups 40-59 years and more than 60. The most common cancer diagnoses were gastrointestinal tract and breast cancer, the treatments focused on chemoradiation, determining predominantly grades I and II of oral mucositis. Overall, mucositis had low discontinuation of cancer treatment and nursing procedures were mainly observed when patients had mucositis grade I. Conclusion: Patients are mostly female, age 40-59 years, with an education 11 or more years. Have an income 2-4 minimum wages and the most frequent types of cancers were the gastrointestinal tract and breast cancer, respectively. Descriptors: Stomatitis. Oncology. Chemotherapy. Nursing 


Author(s):  
Ricardo Gomez ◽  
Kemly Camacho

Libraries, telecenters, and cybercafés offer opportunities for wider public access to information and communication technologies (ICT). This paper presents findings of a global exploratory study on the landscape public access venues in 25 countries around the world. The goal of the project was to better understand the users of public access venues and their needs, this being one of several papers that result from the global study. This paper identifies profiles of the users of the different types of venues with respect to age, income, education and gender. While findings are not new, their value lies in the compelling evidence drawn from 25 countries and across different types of public access venues, which has never been done before. Results highlight the importance of strengthening public access venues in non-urban settings and to strengthen programs that reach out to underserved populations. The authors also point to special challenges faced by libraries and telecenters given the immense growth of cybercafés as public access venues in most of the countries studied.


2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAPHAELA VEIT

Constantine the African's significance as the first important translator of medical texts from Arabic into Latin is indisputable due to the fact that his work contributed decisively to the enlargement of medical knowledge in the Latin West. Among his considerable œuvre the translation of al-Maˇgūsī's Kitāb al-Malakī under its Latin title Pantegni, the first real medical compendium in Latin, holds a particularly important position because of its popularity. The Pantegni is divided into the two parts Theory and Practice with ten books each. Yet while the Theorica Pantegni corresponds basically to the Theory in the Kitāb al-Malakī, this is only partly the case for the Practica Pantegni. The content of the differing parts has been put together mainly from other medical texts. The identification of these other medical texts was the aim of some important researches while the last ten years (see especially the articles in Charles Burnett and Danielle Jacquart [eds.], Constantine the African and ‘Alī ibn ‘Abbās al-Maˇgūsī: The Pantegni and Related Texts [Leiden / New York / Cologne, 1994]). The aim of this article is to present the sources of the Pantegni, Practica’s third book and to give some indications on the person who made the compilation who – as it seems – wasn't Constantine the African himself.


Author(s):  
Óscar Adolfo Medina-Pérez ◽  
Liliana Marcela García-Vega ◽  
Jean Paulina Villard Plaza ◽  
Juan Carlos Ortiz Valencia

Introduction: Sex with animals is a male practice with a social acceptance in many areas of the Colombian Atlantic coast; however, this behavior has been little studied. The aim of this study was to characterize the practice of sex with animals in a group of men living in Cordoba department, Colombia. Methods: descriptive quantitative study was made. Forty-seven adults were interviewed. The information was collected through a survey which asked about sociodemographic aspects, characteristics and beliefs around the behavior. Results: Total participants knew about the practice, 68,1% stated to have had it and they said it happened between the ages of 7 and 30 years old, for an average time of seven years gap; 65,6% had it in presence of friends and relatives. 87,6% said the practice feels really good at the first time; 35,6% stated it was a beneficial practice and 37,5% said they would like their sons to experience it. Conclusion: Having sex with animals is a social accepted behavior and it is thought to be positive since it helps the correct psychosexual development  and it prevents other behaviors, not culturally accepted, such as drug use or homosexuality.


2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-130
Author(s):  
Marlon Dalmoro ◽  
Jaime Evaldo Fensterseifer ◽  
Douglas Wegner

The internationalization has become an imperative for survival of many Brazilian industrial sectors. In the wine industry, the growth of competition with imported wines in last years has led companies in the industry to seek new markets abroad. In this way, the formation of interorganizational networks could stimulate the internationalization process by generating collective resources. This paper analyzes the development of resources within a network of interorganizational wine industry and the influence of these resources in the process of internationalization of companies. Therefore, we carried out an exploratory study in a network called Wines of Brasil. The results show that the network has contributed to the generation of resources, such as the reputation of Brazilian wine, market knowledge and access to information among participants. The network´ resources were denominate ´good club´. However, the appropriation of these resources does not occur homogeneously, showing the existence of asymmetries, due to specific organizational architectures of network members (i.e. size, resource base and absorptive capacity of complementary businesses).


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