scholarly journals Bibliometric Analysis of Literature on Colistin Resistance: 1947-2019

Author(s):  
Serhat Sirekbasan ◽  
Serap Süzük Yıldız

Objective: Nowadays, antibiotic resistance is defined as a global public health problem. The World Health Organization aims to raise awareness among users and policy makers by grouping both critically importantl antibiotics and resistant bacteria. In this study, it is aimed to make the bibliometric evaluation of of the literature on the resistance of colistin. Method: Specific keywords associated with colistin resistance were used in Scopus database covering the period between 1947, and 2019. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of retrieved data were presented using appropriate bibliometric indicators, the number, and language of the publications, the countries that contributed mostly to the literature, the most influential institutions, the most frequently cited publications, active writers and active journals. Results: A total of 1454 articles were evaluated. Although the number of articles showed an increase from 2009 to 2015, it was determined that the increases after 2015 were quite dramatical. The most common language in the published articles was English (95.75%) followed by Chinese (1.16%). The United States of America (USA) contributed mostly with 21.46% of the articles followed by China with 16.02% of articles. Approximately 13% of the retrieved articles on colistin resistance were published in the journal of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Conclusion: There has been a dramatical increase in the number of publications on the resistance to colistin, which came into use due to the widespread use of carbapenemases. This bibliometric study is expected to help health policy makers and researcher on the planning and development of policies regarding colistin.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Bento da Silva ◽  
Victor Hugo Sousa Araújo ◽  
Bruno Fonseca-Santos ◽  
Mariana Cristina Solcia ◽  
Camila Maringolo Ribeiro ◽  
...  

: The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has facilitated the growing resistance of bacteria, and this has become a serious public health problem worldwide. Several microorganisms are still resistant to multiple antibiotics, and are particularly dangerous in the hospital and nursing home environment, and to patients whose care requires devices such as ventilators and intravenous catheters. A list of twelve pathogenic genera, which especially included bacteria that were not affected by different antibiotics, was released by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017, and the research and development of new antibiotics against these genera has been considered a priority. Nanotechnology is a tool that offers an effective platform for altering the physical-chemical properties of different materials, thereby enabling the development of several biomedical applications. Owing to their large surface area and high reactivity, metallic particles on the nanometric scale have remarkable physical, chemical, and biological properties. Nanoparticles with sizes between 1 and 100 nm have several applications, mainly as new antimicrobial agents for the control of microorganisms. In the present review, more than 200 reports of various metallic nanoparticles, especially those containing copper, gold, platinum, silver, titanium, and zinc were analyzed with regard to their antibacterial activity. However, of these 200 studies, only 42 reported about trials conducted against the resistant bacteria considered a priority by the WHO. All studies are in the initial stage, and none are in the clinical phase of research.


2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Deidra C. Crews ◽  
Aminu K. Bello ◽  
Gamal Saadi ◽  

Kidney disease is a global public health problem, affecting over 750 million persons worldwide. The burden of kidney disease varies substantially across the world. In many settings, rates of kidney disease and the provision of its care are defined by socioeconomic, cultural, and political factors leading to significant disparities. World Kidney Day 2019 offers an opportunity to raise awareness of kidney disease and highlight disparities in its burden and current state of global capacity for prevention and management. Here, we highlight the need for strengthening basic infrastructure for kidney care services for early detection and management of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease across all countries and advocate for more pragmatic approaches to providing renal replacement therapies. Achieving universal health coverage worldwide by 2030 is a World Health Organization Sustainable Development Goal. While universal health coverage may not include all elements of kidney care in all countries, understanding what is locally feasible and important with a focus on reducing the burden and consequences of kidney disease would be an important step towards achieving kidney health equity.


Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Vijayakumar ◽  
K. Nagaraj ◽  
Jane Pirkis ◽  
Harvey Whiteford

Abstract. Objective. Suicide is a global public health problem, but relatively little epidemiological investigation of the phenomenon has occurred in developing countries. This paper aims to (1) examine the availability of rate data in developing countries, (2) provide a description of the frequency and distribution of suicide in those countries for which data are available, and (3) explore the relationship between country-level socioeconomic factors and suicide rates. It is accompanied by two companion papers that consider risk factors and preventive efforts associated with suicide in developing countries, respectively. Method. Using World Health Organization data, we calculated the average annual male, female, and total suicide rates during the 1990s for individual countries and regions (classified according to the Human Development Index [HDI]), and examined the association between a range of socioeconomic indicators and suicide rates. Results. For reasons of data availability, we concentrated on medium HDI countries. Suicide rates in these countries were variable. They were generally comparable with those in high HDI countries from the same region, with some exceptions. High education levels, high telephone density, and high per capita levels of cigarette consumption were associated with high suicide rates; high levels of inequality were associated with low suicide rates. Conclusion. Epidemiological investigations of this kind have the potential to inform suicide prevention efforts in developing countries, and should be encouraged.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Burkle ◽  
Asha V. Devereaux

AbstractThere have been multiple inconsistencies in the manner the COVID-19 pandemic has been investigated and managed by countries. Population-based management (PBM) has been inconsistent, yet serves as a necessary first step in managing public health crises. Unfortunately, these have dominated the landscape within the United States and continue as of this writing. Political and economic influences have greatly influenced major public health management and control decisions. Responsibility for global public health crises and modeling for management are the responsibility of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Health Regulations Treaty (IHR). This review calls upon both to reassess their roles and responsibilities that must be markedly improved and better replicated world-wide in order to optimize the global public health protections and its PBM.“Ask a big enough question, and you need more than one discipline to answer it.”Liz Lerman, MacArthur “Genius” Fellow, Choreographer, Modern Dance legend, and 2011 Artist-in Residence, Harvard Music Department


Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Nabina Chaudhary ◽  
Manis Dahal ◽  
Biswash Guragain ◽  
Sumie Rai ◽  
...  

The greatest pandemic of the century, COVID-19, is an ongoing global public health problem. With a clinically approved treatment available only for those who are acutely ill and are hospitalized, the control of this disease in the general population is still largely dependent on the preventive measures issued by the World Health Organization. Among the general control measures other than immunization with the COVID-19 vaccines, handwashing with soap and water has been emphasized the most because it is cost-effective and easily accessible to the general public. Studies have reported that soaps offer unique chemical properties that can completely destroy enveloped viruses. However, the general public seems to be still uncertain about whether soaps can shield us from a highly contagious disease such as COVID-19. In an attempt to help eliminate the uncertainty, we analyzed the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of soap and its prospect for preventing the spread of COVID-19. In this paper, we provide an overview of the history and characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the current global COVID-19 situation, the possible mechanisms of the deactivation of viruses by soaps, and the potential effectiveness of soap in eliminating coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.


Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Gutiérrez

Snakebite envenoming is a serious global public health problem, and international initiatives, under the coordination of the World Health Organization and its regional offices, are being developed to reduce the impact of this neglected tropical disease. The global availability of safe and effective antivenoms is one of the key aspects in this global strategy. This review discusses the role of public antivenom manufacturing laboratories for ensuring the supply of antivenoms. The difficulties faced by public laboratories are discussed, together with some tasks that need to be implemented for strengthening them. In addition, the concept of ‘redundancy’ in the supply of antivenoms is emphasized, as a way to cope with the risks associated with the provision of antivenoms by few manufacturers. In general, the public sector should play a leading role, in antivenom availability and other aspects as well, within the global struggle to reduce the mortality and morbidity caused by snakebite envenoming.


Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Torres Sangiao ◽  
Alina Maria Holban ◽  
Mónica Cartelle Gestal

We are constantly exposed to infectious diseases, and they cause millions of deaths per year. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that antibiotic resistance could cause 10 million deaths per year by 2050. Multidrug-resistant bacteria are the cause of infection in at least one in three people suffering from septicemia. While antibiotics are powerful agents against infectious diseases, the alarming increase in antibiotic resistance is of great concern. Alternatives are desperately needed, and nanotechnology provides a great opportunity to develop novel approaches for the treatment of infectious diseases. One of the most important factors in the prognosis of an infection caused by an antibiotic resistant bacteria is an early and rigorous diagnosis, jointly with the use of novel therapeutic systems that can specifically target the pathogen and limit the selection of resistant strains. Nanodiamonds can be used as antimicrobial agents due to some of their properties including size, shape, and biocompatibility, which make them highly suitable for the development of efficient and tailored nanotherapies, including vaccines or drug delivery systems. In this review, we discuss the beneficial findings made in the nanodiamonds field, focusing on diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. We also highlight the innovative platform that nanodiamonds confer for vaccine improvement, drug delivery, and shuttle systems, as well as their role in the generation of faster and more sensitive clinical diagnosis.


Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeo Patini ◽  
Gilda Mangino ◽  
Leonardo Martellacci ◽  
Gianluca Quaranta ◽  
Luca Masucci ◽  
...  

Background and objectives: Infections caused by resistant bacteria are a growing public health problem that is linked to many different causes, among them the antibiotics’ incorrect use plays an important role. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) the most dangerous behaviors are the early interruption of antibiotic therapy and the use of molecules without appropriate prescription. The authors conducted a systematic review to assess if antibiotic prescription with different regimens is connected to the onset of bacterial resistance. Methods: The authors performed an electronic and manual literature search on four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials) from their inception to 15 June 2019. The date of the last search was 27 November 2019. Any article comparing cultural or genic analysis of resistance in patients that took antibiotics with at least two different regimens was included. No language restrictions were applied. Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration’s tool whereas case-control and cohort studies were evaluated through the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Results: The initial search resulted in a total of 1744 titles. After careful evaluation of all results, only three studies satisfied the outcome of the present review. From the qualitative analysis of data, it emerges that even if antibiotics are administered for a shorter period than the conventional one the species that inhabit the oral cavity can adapt quickly and express genes of antibiotic resistance. Additional evidence from this analysis is that not only does the proportion of resistant bacteria increase in the oral cavity, but also in more distant districts such as the intestine. Conclusions: Despite the great number of studies retrieved by electronic databases only few studies investigated the target of this review. The reason for this evidence is that it is not ethical to investigate and compare different antibiotic regimens, shorter or longer than the appropriate one. This evidence is applicable both to prophylactic administrations and to those aimed at treating infections. Besides this, the WHO affirms that, in the absence of infective complications, the prescription of antibiotic after every type of surgical intervention cannot be admitted and that studies dealing with antibiotic regimens that do not comply with drug’s pharmacodynamics characteristics cannot be ethically admitted. PROSPERO acknowledgement of receipt [149149].


2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Dahlberg ◽  
Etienne G. Krug

This article is a version of the Introduction to the World Report on Violence and Health, published by the World Health Organization (WHO). It presents a general description about this phenomenon and points some basic questions: concepts and definitions about the theme; the state of knowledge about it; nature and typology on violence; proposal of a quantitative and qualitative approach of an ecological model; responsibilities and functions of the public health sector and its potentiality to prevent and reduce violence in the world; the responsibilities of the nations and the policy makers in a intersetorial point of view; difficulties and obstacles for actuation and challenges for the health sector.


Author(s):  
Neyel Gabriela Monsalve A ◽  
Johanna Marcela Moscoso Gama

Introduction. The use of different chemical agents for the attenuation, treatment and control of microorganisms has been increasing, the lack of control and knowledge of these products is generating a change in the genome in microorganisms, causing resistance to normal concentrations of biocides. Objective: To carry out a systematic review on bacterial resistance to disinfectants in common office areas. Methods: Systematic review of databases; Scielo, Elsevier, Pubmed and ACS Publications research, and secondary sources such as PAHO (Pan American Health Organization) and WHO (World Health Organization), among others, using terms such as; Bacterial resistance, disinfection, occupational or professional diseases and resistance to disinfectants. Results: Enterobacter sp.: resistant to Quaternary Ammonium (QAC), halogen-based disinfectants and 37% formaldehyde; Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 71% of isolates multiresistant to antibiotics, 43% reduced susceptibility to QAC, triclosan (TC) and Benzalkonium (BAC), and 24 isolates resistant to antimicrobial agents. M. massiliense BRA 100 susceptible to orthophthaldehyde (OPA), peracetic acid (PA), and high concentrations of glutaraldehyde. Clinical isolates of multiresistant strains to antibiotics such as: MRSA, Enterococcus sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 52% and 38% strains were resistant to quaternary ammonium and phenol compounds, respectively. Conclusions: The presence of resistant microorganisms in common places such as; floors, light switches, door handles, desks and chairs, among others, enunciates a public health problem that must begin to be addressed, changing the methodologies used for disinfection, and other control and prevention measures.


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