scholarly journals ԿՈՒՍԱԾԻՆ ԵՎ ԲԵՂՄՆԱՎՈՐՎԱԾ ՁՎԻՑ ՍՏԱՑՎԱԾ ՀՆԴԿԱՀԱՎԵՐԻ ԳԵՆԵՏԻԿԱԿԱՆ ԲՆՈՒԹԱԳԻՐՆ ԸՍՏ ԱՐՅԱՆ ՇԻՃՈՒԿԻ ՈՐՈՇ ՊՈԼԻՄՈՐՖ ՍՊԻՏԱԿՈՒՑՆԵՐԻ

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
M. V. Badalyan ◽  
V. T. Dilanyan ◽  
S. A. Kharatyan

Artificial regulation and management of the numerical sex ratio of farm animals and poultry is one of the important prerequisites for intensive livestock management. The article considers the genetic characteristics of male turkeys produced via parthenogenesis and fertilized eggs according to blood serum transferrin (Tf), ceruloplasmin (Cp) and hemoglobin (Hb) loci. The findings of genetic and mathematical analyses conducted throughout experimental investigations can be used as genetic markers when implementing selection activities in the mentioned branch.

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1664-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut von Keyserling ◽  
Thomas Bergmann ◽  
Miriam Schuetz ◽  
Ursula Schiller ◽  
Jonas Stanke ◽  
...  

BackgroundHost genetic characteristics and environmental factors may correlate with risk for cervical cancer development. Here we describe a retrospective screening study for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genetic markersTP53, MTHFR, CYP1A1,andCYP2E1in 749 patients.MethodsA multiplex ligation-dependent polymerase chain reaction approach was applied. We used archived material from human papillomavirus tests and correlated SNP genotypes to the corresponding clinical data. Semantic integration was used to identify and evaluate the clinical status from electronic health records.ResultsAn association with cervical cancer and high-grade dysplasia was found for the rare homozygous CC genotype (rs4646903) inCYP1A1(odds ratio [OR], 8.862). Odds ratios were also significantly elevated for heterozygousMTHFRCT genotype (rs1801133; OR, 1.457). No significant association was found inTP53(rs1042522) andCYP2E1(rs3813867). In addition, we found smokers at higher risk (OR, 2.688) and identified pregnancies as a significant risk factor (OR, 1.54).ConclusionsOur protocol enables a feasible way for further retrospective large sample size evaluation of potential genetic markers. This study revealed genetic associations of a rare SNP genotype with cervical dysplasia in one of the largest patient sample to date that warrants further investigation.


Author(s):  
M. V. Strizhkova ◽  
O. I. Sebezhko ◽  
T. V. Konovalova ◽  
K. N. Narozhnykh ◽  
V. A. Andreeva ◽  
...  

The study of the biological role of chemical elements in farm animals is one of the issues that scientists continue to investigate. A comprehensive study of the gene pool and phenofund of breeds and species of farm animals is being carried out in Siberia. An important issue is the search for vital markers of macronutrient accumulation, including sodium in organs and tissues of animals. The article presents data on the content of sodium in the blood serum of offspring obtained from bulls-producers of the Holstein breed. The experiment was carried out at OAO Vaganovo, Kemerovo region. The sodium concentration was determined by the atomic emission method on an ICP AES IRIS spectrometer at the V. S. Sobolev Analytical Center for Collective Use of the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS. In the area of Holstein cattle breeding, there is no excess of LOC for heavy metals in soil, water, feed, organs and tissues of animals. The influence of the genotype of the fathers of the Holstein breed on the sodium content in the blood serum of sons was established. The sodium concentration in Fabio’s offspring was 1.9 times higher (240.4 mg/ l) than in Brio’s sons (P ˂ 0.001). By the level of sodium in the serum of offspring, bulls-producers were arranged in the following order: Brio ˂ Bonaire ˂ Malstrom ˂ Fabio in a proportion of 1: 1.3: 1.5: 1.9. The phenotypic variability of this element between the offspring of different producers differed by 3 times or more. Interbreed differentiation, the influence of the genotype of producers, differences between lines and families sign the hereditary determination of resistance and susceptibility to the accumulation of macro- and microelements in organs and tissues of animals.


Author(s):  
A. V. Nazarenko ◽  
O. A. Zayko ◽  
T. V. Konovalova

Currently, along with an in-depth study of the gene pool and the phenotype pool of farm animals of different breeds and species in the zones of their breeding, special attention is paid to the production of environmentally friendly and safe products of the agro-industrial complex for the end consumer. Therefore, water, feed, soil, animal organs and tissues are carefully monitored for the content of chemical elements. Manganese, like magnesium and other divalent ions, is a non-specific activator of enzymes: hydrolases, kinases, decarboxylases, etc. The absolute need for Mn is confirmed by the metalloenzymes pyruvate carboxylase of the liver mitochondria and muscle oxaloacetate carboxylase. The first contains four manganese atoms and four biotin molecules and catalyzes the carboxylation of pyruvic acid to oxaloacetic acid. The removal of Mn leads to the irreversible loss of enzyme activity, which is not restored with the subsequent introduction of the endogenous metal. The purpose of the research was to establish the correlations of the accumulation of manganese in the hairs with some biochemical parameters in the blood of pigs of Kemerovskaya breed. During the work the correlations of manganese in the hairs with some biochemical parameters of blood serum of pigs have been studied. When comparing the obtained data with the studies of other scientists, all the correlations were described except for the content of manganese in the hairs with serum chlorides (r=–0,43), since this correlation was not confirmed by the data of the scientific literature. A positive correlation has been established between the level of Mn with cholesterol and Mg at the level of 0,542 and 0,417, respectively. The change in the magnitude and direction of the correlation between the concentration of Mn in the hairs and the biochemical composition of the blood can be caused by some animal diseases.


2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-669
Author(s):  
Melissa J Reynolds-Hogland ◽  
Alan B Ramsey ◽  
August T Seward ◽  
Kristine L Pilgrim ◽  
Cory Engkjer ◽  
...  

Abstract We evaluated the response of a remnant population of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) to targeted habitat enhancement in an ecological system that had been degraded during ~100 years of intensive livestock management, including marmot eradication. We used capture-recapture data and a novel use of a multistate framework to evaluate geographic expansion of the marmot population pre- and post-habitat enhancement. We also estimated age-structured survival, reproduction, and sex ratios. The marmot population appeared to respond positively to new habitat opportunities created by habitat enhancement: the number of marmots captured increased from three marmots pre-habitat enhancement to 54 (28 adults and yearlings, 26 young) post-habitat enhancement at the end of the study. Marmots expanded geographically by transitioning into habitat-enhanced areas, and adult females occupied and reproduced in all habitat-enhanced areas. The sex ratio of the young population in 2019 was strongly female-biased, which may have been influenced by poor body condition of breeding females owing to unusually prolonged snow cover that year. Adult and yearling survival were within the range of that reported for colonial adults and yearlings in Colorado. Our results suggest that active habitat enhancement can assist in the recovery of marmot populations in systems where marmots historically existed.


Author(s):  
Rajni Kumari ◽  
Kanisht Batra ◽  
Vinay Kumar ◽  
Aman Kumar ◽  
Trilok Nanda

Background: A reliable method for controlling the sex of farm animals has the potential to revolutionize dairy farming. This can only be achieved by use of a method capable of separating X and Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa at lower cost and causing no significant damages to sperm viability. Realizing significance of buffaloes in Indian dairy farming, present study was aimed to develop appropriate density gradient model for enrichment of X chromosome bearing spermatozoa population in semen of Murrah buffalo bull. Methods: Density gradient centrifugation (DGC) technique was employed for enriching X chromosome spermatozoa in buffalo bull semen using four gradient media viz., Percoll, Optiprep, Ficoll and Sucrose. Percentage enrichment of X chromosome bearing spermatozoa in all the DGC models was determined by SYBR green based Real Time PCR. Result: Our investigations revealed that number of layers and centrifugation speed (g) factors in a density gradient centrifugation model, have significant effect on the percentage enrichment of X chromosome content in semen samples.Three layers, four layers and five layers density gradient centrifugation models showed significant differences (P less than 0.05) in the sex ratio towards X spermatozoa population in semen (61.72%±0.81, 64.55%±0.26 and 67.31±0.33%) respectively. Density gradient centrifugation models with centrifugation speed (g) 200x g and 300x g also showed significant differences (P less than 0.05) in the sex ratio towards X spermatozoa population in semen (66.36%±0.25 and 62.69±0.22%) respectively. Out of all DGC models, Optiprep density gradient model with 5 layers and centrifugation at 200xg (O3) yielded maximum enrichment (72.4%±1.38). In conclusion, O3 poses to be a promising model for enrichment of X spermatozoa in buffalo bull semen.


1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Czeizel ◽  
I. Pazonyi ◽  
J. Métneki ◽  
M. Tomka

The Budapest Twin Register recorded 88.6% of the 1739 multiple births that occurred between 1970 and 1974. Of these, 31.2% were male-female pairs. Based on the examination of the placenta (19.8% monochorial) and of genetic markers, 406 pairs proved to be monozygotic and 645 dizygotic. Sex ratio of twins at birth showed a female preponderance (1000 F: 1009 M) in comparison to singletons (1000 F: 1071 M). Average birth weight of the twins was 2101 g. The frequency of stillbirths was about four times higher in twins than in singletons, twice as high in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins, and 2.4 times higher among second than first-born twins.


1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. MALIK ◽  
J. E. MOXLEY ◽  
H. C. GIBBS ◽  
H. F. MacRAE

Seven hundred and one cows representing 21 herds of the Dairy Herd Analysis Service of Macdonald College were studied. Out of these, 105 cows were in series 1 and the remaining 596 cows were in series 2. Of the 105 cows in the first series, 91.4% were California Mastitis Test (CMT)(+), 50.5% were Streptococcus agalactiae(+) and all the cows were hemolytic staphylococcic(+) at one or more tests in one or more quarters. The corresponding figures for quarters were 28.8%, 6.7% and 35.4%. In the second series, data for mastitis criteria were available for 533 cows only. The incidence of cows in this group with one or more CMT(+) quarters was 64.2%. The incidence of CMT(+) quarters in 2131 quarters from these cows was 39.2%. Out of these CMT(+) quarters, 29.1% were infected with streptococci and 30.7% with hemolytic staphylococci. In both series 1 and 2, the differences in percentage of CMT(+) quarters between transferrin genotypes were significant (series 1, X29 d. f. = 34.44, P < 0.005; series 2, X29 d. f. = 19.00, P < 0.025). In series 1, the percentage of Streptococcus agalactiae (+) and percentage of hemolytic staphylococci (+) quarters were also significantly different from genotype to genotype (P < 0.005). On the other hand, in the second series, only the percentage of streptococci(+) quarters were significantly different between genotypes. The Tf D1D1 cows had a higher incidence of Str. agalactiae infection in series 1 and of streptococci in series 2. Tf D1D1 cows also had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) mean CMT score and mean total somatic cell count per cow in series 1. Tf EE cows, however, were free of Str. agalactiae infection in series 1 and of streptococci in series 2. Tf EE cows also had a significantly lower (P < 0.05) mean streptococcal score per cow in series 2.


Author(s):  
Y. P. Yaromchyk ◽  
P. А. Krasochko ◽  
P. P. Krasochko ◽  
V.M. Eremets ◽  
T.A. Skotnikova

The main rules for choosing the means of specific prophylactic against colibacillosis (escherichiosis) in cattle is the need to match the antigenic spectrum of the vaccine strains with epizootic strains isolated by diagnostic veteri-nary institutions from pathological material taken from dead calves. Only in this case one should expect high results of the preventive efficacy of the applied vac-cines. The design of vaccines based on pathogenicity factors of bacterias is the most promising direction in the development of new bioproducts of specific pre-vention of infectious diseases of farm animals. Researchs in the areas to choice the optimal doses and ratios of monocompo-nents, determining the optimal immunizing dose, and choosing a adjuvant is an im-portant part of research work on the creation of vaccines. We completed work to establish the optimal dose when using the associated vaccine against rota-, coronavirus infection and colibacillosis of cattle by vaccinat-ing cows in different doses of the test vaccine. Subsequently, serological studies of the blood of animals were carried out, according to the results of which the indica-tors of the best immune response were determined by comparing the established levels of biosynthesis of specific antibodies from animals of the experimental and control groups. A number of indicators of possible reactogenicity of the tested vac-cine were also studied. When conducting studies of blood serum of cows, the indi-rect hemagglutination reaction and agglutination reaction were performed. Serolog-ical blood tests carried out were accompanied by the necessary controls to ensure the reliability of the results. According to the results of studies of blood serum of cows in the experimental groups, immunization of cows with an associated vaccine against rota-, coronavirus infection and colibacillosis of cattle in different volumes led to a significant level of antiviral and antibacterial antibodies. The optimum dose for virus antigens with infectious titres from 7,0 lg and 5,5-TCI50/sm3 for vaccinated cows forms 1,5 sm3 for each viral monocomponents. The optimum dose for each vaccine strains E.coli F4, F5, Аtt25, F41 and 987P forms from 1,5-2,5 milliard bacterial cells for each bacterial monocomponents.


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