scholarly journals Opinions of clients of cosmetology salons regarding the impact of wearing protective masks on the condition of the skin

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Kamila Ranosz ◽  
◽  
Beata Malara ◽  

Acne vulgaris is a common condition that affects both men and women of all age groups. As a result of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of restrictions, mainly the obligation to cover the nose and mouth with protective masks, a large percentage of the population is now struggling with acne. The aim of the research was to determine the opinion on the impact of wearing protective masks on the deterioration of the skin condition and the awareness of the respondents about the treatments and preparations used in acne therapy. The article also attempted to explain the causes of acne lesions.

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Trias-Llimós ◽  
Tim Riffe ◽  
Usama Bilal

Background To provide an interpretable summary of the impact on mortality of the COVID-19 pandemic we estimate weekly and annual life expectancies at birth in Spain and its regions. Methods We used daily death count data from the Spanish Daily Mortality Monitoring System (MoMo), and death counts from 2018, and population on July 1st, 2019 by region (CCAA), age groups, and sex from the Spanish National Statistics Institute. We estimated weekly and annual (2019 and 2020*, the shifted annual calendar period up to 5 July 2020) life expectancies at birth as well as their differences with respect to 2019. Results Weekly life expectancies at birth in Spain were lower in weeks 11–20, 2020 compared to the same weeks in 2019. This drop in weekly life expectancy was especially strong in weeks 13 and 14 (March 23rd to April 5th), with national declines ranging between 6.1 and 7.6 years and maximum regional weekly declines of up to 15 years in Madrid. Annual life expectancy differences between 2019 and 2020 also reflected an overall drop in annual life expectancy of 0.9 years for both men and women. These drops ranged between 0 years in several regions (e.g. Canary and Balearic Islands) to 2.8 years among men in Madrid. Conclusions Life expectancy is an easy to interpret measure for understanding the heterogeneity of mortality patterns across Spanish regions. Weekly and annual life expectancy are sensitive and useful indicators for understanding disparities and communicating the gravity of the situation because differences are expressed in intuitive year units.


2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-295
Author(s):  
Tom Turner ◽  
Christine Cross ◽  
Caroline Murphy

While many studies investigate gender wage disparities, few have examined the impact of gender, education, part-time working and sector on earnings for men and women across different occupational groups and for different age groups. The purpose of this article is to undertake a more nuanced approach to further our understanding of the gender pay difference between men and women in different occupations in order to tackle and close this gap. The study’s findings suggest that the labour market is segmented into primary and secondary jobs. Additionally, the earnings returns for education are generally lower for women compared to men and women appear to fare better in the public sector in terms of a lower earnings gap for full-time and part-time employees and higher returns for education compared to women working in the private sector. The article concludes with a discussion of the policy implications.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Romero-Ramos ◽  
Emilio Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Rafael Merino-Marbán ◽  
Daniel Mayorga-Vega ◽  
Robert Podstawski

Abstract Introduction. Cross triathlon is a sport consisting of three segments: swimming, off-road cycling, and running. Our study analyses the differences in performance between genders and changes in performance in selected age categories at the ITU Cross World Championships held between 2011 and 2016. Material and methods. During this period, a total of 1,933 triathletes were analysed (1,472 men and 461 women). Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the impact of sex differences and age-related changes on performance (time, percentage of time, and performance ratio) in swimming, cycling, running, and total race. Results. The age groups with the highest level of participation were persons aged 40-44 and 45-49 years among men and women, respectively. With regards to performance in the different age groups, in men and women, its high level was maintained between 25 and 49 years, and it decreased significantly from the age of 50-54. In men, the best results in cycling and total race time were obtained in the 30-34 age group and in swimming and running in the 40-44 group. Women obtained the best results in running in the 25-29 age group, in cycling in the 30-34 group, and in swimming and total race time in the 35-39 group. Conclusions. The results of the study have confirmed that there is a demand for sports in 40+ age groups. As for performance in the different age groups, it was on a high level between 25 and 49 years and decreased significantly from the age of 50-54 onwards. According to these results, the sports training of these triathletes should be oriented so that they obtain their best results between 30 and 35 years of age.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lindert ◽  
K C Paul ◽  
M Lachman ◽  
B Ritz ◽  
T Seeman

Abstract Background Social stress and strain, especially discrimination and inequality might have an impact on memory and cognitive function. This is a major concern for older individuals, their families, communities and societies. We sought to assess changes in episodic memory (EM) and executive functioning (EF) among men and women in the 'Midlife in the United States' (MIDUS) cohort study, to delineate variations in EM and EF by gender, and to determine the impact of social stress/strain at three levels (family, work, society) on longitudinal changes in EM and EF in men and women. Methods We used data from the MIDUS study - a national probability sample of non-institutionalized, English speaking respondents aged 25-74 living in the 48 contiguous states of the United States. The initial wave in our study (1995) included 4963 non-institutionalized adults aged 32 to 84 (M = 55, SD = 12.4). The dependent variables are EM and EF, which were assessed with the Brief Test for Cognition. The independent variables were social stress and discrimination variables at the family/partner level, the work level and the society level, assessed with validated discrimination measures. To assess cognition changes we estimated adjusted linear regression models. Results Women report more perceived inequality for their family and more family strain than men across all age groups. After controlling for other explanatory variables, the main effect on cognition for all age groups was found for perceived inequality of one's family opportunities. Conclusions Reducing social stress and providing opportunities might be an important measure to support episodic memory and executive functioning in aging populations.


Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 5214-5214
Author(s):  
Mamatha Prabhakar ◽  
Bindu Kanapuru ◽  
Ahmedin Jemal ◽  
Charles Hesdorffer ◽  
William Ershler ◽  
...  

Abstract Abstract 5214 Background: Indolent lymphomas account for 35–40% of Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). The treatment choices, and as a result, the overall outcome of these indolent lymphomas seem to be changing with the introduction of chemoimmunotherapy. However, the impact of these new treatment approaches on the survival in older patients has not been specifically studied. Methods: We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database to determine survival for older patients diagnosed with indolent lymphomas. We compared trends in survival between 1977–86, 1987–96 and 1997–2006 in men and women, for three age groups 65–74, 75–84 and 85+ years. Survival rates were calculated up to 9 years post-diagnosis. Results: Between 1977 and 2006, survival rates increased for both men and women in all three age groups. The greatest improvement in survival was seen at 5 years. Between 1977–86 and 1997–2006, 5-year survival rates increased in men/women by 21%/22%, 23%/29% and 16%/24% in the 65–74, 75–84 and 85+ age groups respectively. Survival gains increased with each decade in all age groups for both sexes with the most marked improvements between 1987–1996 & 1997–2006. Women in the first two groups consistently demonstrated a better survival than men. The oldest old men (85+) had the lowest survival rate with the majority of the deaths occurring in the first year of diagnosis. Conclusions: Survival for older patients has increased considerably in the interval between 1977–2006 with the largest improvement seen in the 75–84 year old age group. Larger increases in the survival rates between 1987–1996 and 1997–2006 might be accounted for by the benefits of immunotherapy with the introduction of rituximab in 1998. The increased early deaths noted in men 85+, could be related to treatment toxicity. While earlier treatment is being advocated for patients diagnosed with indolent lymphoma, the data we present imply that more careful consideration should be given to the selection of patients above the age of 85 for such treatment. Male-female differences in survival are interesting and further study would seem important to elucidate the causes. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


2018 ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Ivan Marinkovic ◽  
Biljana Radivojevic

Mortality among married is lower than in those out of wedlock. Studies in European countries show that the difference in mortality between those who are married and those unmarried is increased regardless of sex. The main objective of the analysis in this paper is to show the impact of marriage on the mortality of the population, as well as the difference in the life expectancy of men and women in Serbia, by marriage status. Is there a protective effect of marriage? That is, can we confirm the hypothesis of higher importance of marriage status, when it comes to mortality of the men, and can we determine whether there are strong links between mortality and various modalities of marriage in the female population? Mortality trends for married and unmarried individuals were analyzed between the years 1981 and 2011, for both male and female population by five-year age groups. The scope of the analysis is the territory of Central Serbia and Vojvodina. This aspect of mortality is not sufficiently addressed in national research, which is why it is expected that the results of the conducted research can contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors affecting the mortality of the population in Serbia.


Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Podgórska ◽  
Anna Puścion-Jakubik ◽  
Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska ◽  
Krystyna Joanna Gromkowska-Kępka ◽  
Katarzyna Socha

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic disease that affects a significant percentage of the world’s population. Its development is influenced by both external and internal factors. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the effect of basic nutrient intake on the exacerbation or alleviation of AV lesions. A retrospective review of publications in PubMed regarding diet therapy and the impact of individual nutrient intake on the skin condition of patients was conducted. Ingestion of products with a high glycaemic index may indirectly lead to sebum overproduction, which promotes infection with Cutibacterium acnes and causes inflammation. Consumption of certain dairy products may result in skin deterioration caused by the presence of hormones in these products, i.e., progesterone and testosterone precursors. The beneficial effect of fatty acids on the skin is manifested by the reduction in inflammation. Of significance in AV treatment are vitamins A, C, D, E and B, as well as mineral elements zinc and selenium. Proper nutrition may not only prevent or alleviate AV but also increase treatment efficacy.


BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S231-S232
Author(s):  
Stephanie Adeyemi

AimsThis literature review aims to assess existing scientific literature on the psychological impact of Acne Vulgaris on adolescents and adults and the role that Psychiatrists can play in supporting these patients. The hypothesis of this literature review is that all patients with Acne Vulgaris should have their quality of life assessed in order to identify those who require additional support.BackgroundThe link between Psychiatry and Dermatology is becoming increasingly recognised. Resources on the British Association of Dermatologists’ website are often distributed to patients by Dermatologists in order to assess the impact that a skin condition has had on a patient's life. Acne Vulgaris is a psychophysiological skin condition that impacts up to 95% of people to some extent from the ages of 11 to 30 years old. Due to its prevalence it is essential that the psychological burden of Acne Vulgaris on patients is understood.MethodLiterature written since 2011 was searched identified from: PsychINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PUBMED. The search strategy key words were: acne vulgaris, mental health, psychiatry, anxiety and depression. Arksey and O'Malley's framework was utilised to conduct a scoping literature review. Data were collated and summarized thematically.ResultA total of 72 studies were included representing over 14,000 adults and adolescents with Acne Vulgaris from the following countries: Egypt, Nigeria, Turkey, India, Lithuania, UK, USA, Iran, Pakistan and Spain.Screening tools such as the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS), The Acne Quality of Life Scale (AQLS), the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI), and the State Trait Anxiety Index STAI (Y-1) form were utilised in order to identify the impact of Acne Vulgaris on patients’ quality of life and mental health. The data clearly showed the significant psychological burden that patients with Acne Vulgaris can experience. There was a clear trend of low self-esteem, lack of self-confidence, social withdrawal, depression (ranging from 23.1% to 62% of study participants), anxiety (ranging from 38.4% to 51%) and even suicidal ideation (ranging from 12.9% to 20.1%). Literature also suggested a higher prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in patients with Acne Vulgaris which should be considered and screened for.ConclusionThis scoping literature review has highlighted the significant psychological burdensome acne patients can experience. Given the prevalence of the condition Psychiatrists do have a role in working with Dermatologists to ensure appropriate screening tools are utilised and patients are able to access appropriate support.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Mayuresh Ghadge ◽  
Sunil Gupte

Background: Acne vulgaris is a skin condition occurs mainly in adolescents and young adults. It can affect an appearance of a person adversely. The impact of acne on the psychological well being has been the object of increasing attention in recent years. Most of the studies which have been conducted to identify the psychopathologies in patients with acne vulgaris have focused their attention on depression and anxiety. Aim: The aim of the present study was to identify sociodemographic profile and the psychiatric morbidity in patients with acne vulgaris as well as coping mechanisms used by them. Setting and Design: A descriptive observational study was conducted in the department of dermatology and psychiatry at a tertiary health care institute. Material and Method: Hundred patients of acne vulgaris were selected. They were interviewed using a special proforma, screened using Mini –international Neuropsychiatry interview English Version 6.0.0 and mechanism of coping scale by Parikh et al. Statistical Analysis Used: The data was analysed using SPSS version 19 & EPI INFO software. Result: Psychiatric morbidity was found in 35% of the study population. Psychiatric morbidity was found more in females, patients from nuclear families, patients living in rural areas and acne with grade 3 & 4. It is also found that coping mechanisms problem solving & expressive action were used more by the patients without any psychiatric morbidity. On the other hand, coping mechanisms fatalism & passivity were used more by the patients with psychiatric morbidity. Conclusion: Patients with acne vulgaris in whom psychiatric morbidity is present, should be routinely evaluated and their psychiatric morbidity need to be treated for maximise their health.


PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. e1003853
Author(s):  
Göran Walldius ◽  
Ulf de Faire ◽  
Lars Alfredsson ◽  
Karin Leander ◽  
Peter Westerholm ◽  
...  

Background Elevated apolipoprotein B (apoB) and elevated apoB/apoA-1 ratio increase the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, whereas high apoA-1 is protective. We study how these apolipoproteins are associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), whether apoA-1 contributes to this association, and whether abnormal values occur decades before such events develop. Methods and findings In the Swedish AMORIS (Apolipoprotein-related MOrtality RISk) cohort study, 137,100 men and women aged 25–84 years were followed an average 17.8 years. ApoB, apoA-1, and the apoB/apoA-1 ratio were analysed in relation to MACEs (non-fatal MI, stroke, and cardiovascular [CV] mortality), yielding 22,473 events. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to investigate the relationship of MACEs with increasing quintiles of the apoB/apoA-1 ratio in all age groups for both sexes. In nested case–control analyses, cases were randomly matched to age- and sex-matched controls, yielding population trajectories for apolipoproteins. Increased level of apoB and increased apoB/apoA-1 ratio were associated with risk of MACE and all clinical sub-components in both men and women across all ages (10th versus first decile in both sexes combined: HR 1.7 for MACE and 2.7 for non-fatal MI). Decreased values of apoA-1 potentiated the impact of apoB at all levels of apoB (on average across apoB range: 40% increase in HR for MACE and 72% increase in HR for non-fatal MI), indicating that the apoB/apoA-1 ratio covers a broader range of persons with dyslipidaemia at risk than apoB alone. In both men and women, MACEs occurred earlier on average for each increasing quintile of the apoB/apoA-1 ratio. Individuals with the highest levels of apoB/apoA-1 ratio experienced CV events on average several years earlier than those with lower ratios. Higher apoB/apoA-1 ratio in cases of MACE versus controls was seen already about 20 years before the event. A limitation of this study was that adjustment for tobacco smoking and hypertension was only possible in a small validation study. Conclusions An imbalance between apoB and apoA-1 resulting in an increased apoB/apoA-1 ratio is strongly associated with the outcome MACE and its sub-components, in both men and women of all ages. An increased apoB/apoA-1 ratio already 2 decades before events calls for early recognition and primary prevention. Simple evidence-based cut values should be considered in future cardiovascular guidelines.


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