scholarly journals CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES OF CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS SEEN IN A COMPREHENSIVE CANCER CENTRE IN NORTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Usman ◽  
S. A. Otene
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
North Western

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the socio-demographic and clinicopathological features of patients with cervical cancer seen in a comprehensive cancer center in North-western Nigeria. It was a six years retrospective study of patients with cervical cancer treated in the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, UDUTH, Sokoto. Data was obtained from the patients’ case notes using a semi-structured data extraction form. A total of 220 cases were reviewed for patients whose mean age was 49.9 years (SD ± 11.9); with the age range of 24-87 years. Results show that squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type seen in 182(82.7%) of the patients, followed by adenocarcinoma 22(10%) and clear cell carcinoma 9(4.1%). Vaginal bleeding 110(50%), foul-smelling vaginal discharge103 (46.8%), fatigue 67(30.5%), lower abdominal pain 65(20.5%) and weight loss 30(13.6%) were the commonest clinical features. 176(80%) patients presented late stages (IIB – IVB) of cervical cancer. Concluding, most of the women with cervical cancer presented with features of vaginal bleeding or foul-smelling vaginal discharge, weight loss, fatigue and lower abdominal pain, with commonest histological categorization being squamous cell carcinoma. Late presentation of the disease was obviously observed in most of the cases diagnosed. The clinical features of cervical cancer identified in the cases reviewed are indicators of advanced disease. Thus, it is imperative that advocacy for cervical cancer screening should be stepped up in order to ensure early detection and prevent the progression of the disease to advanced stages.

ID: 38: PRIMARY SQUAMOS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-944
Author(s):  
N Vyas ◽  
H Alkhawam ◽  
R Sogomonian ◽  
S Ahmad ◽  
RA Ching Companioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Normocytic Anemia ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Rectal Mass

IntroductionSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an uncommon occurrence, as it usually involves the esophagus or anal canal. Approximately 90% of cases of rectal malignancy are adenocarcinoma and other rectal cancers include lymphoma (1.3%), carcinoid (0.4%), and sarcoma (0.3%). We are presenting a rare and unique case of patient with SCC of the rectum presenting with lower abdominal pain and significant weight loss.CaseA 52 year old female was admitted with a two month history of diffuse lower abdominal pain and hematochezia. The pain was constant and pressure like. The patient was a nonsmoker and nondrinker. Review of systems was pertinent for an unintentional weight loss of 10lbs. Physical examination revealed diffuse lower abdominal tenderness and a firm, irregular anterior rectal mass. She had no lymphadenopathy and her skin exam was normal. Laboratory results a normocytic anemia with a hemoglobin of 8.8 g/dl and a CEA of 1.35 ng/ml. Abdominal CT scan revealed a 7 cm irregular rectal mass with extra luminal compression to the rectosigmoid area, (figure 1). The mass did not extend from uterus and confirmed with transvaginal ultrasound. Patient underwent a flex sigmoidoscopy which revealed a lesion 5 cm from anal verge extending distally. There is a semi-circumferential narrowing occupying 7% of lumen and a dense layer of mass tissue with superficial friability of mucosa. Biopsy was taken from the mass, histology shows invasive moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (figure 1).DiscussionSCC of the rectum has a very similar presentation to colon adenocarcinoma. Diagnoses can be established by proctoscopy/colonoscopy and more specifically, a biopsy to get a definitive histological analysis. The latter is a used to differentiate from SCC of the anus, which presents similarly. Immunohistochemistry has proved useful in characterizing lesions, especially when using cytokeratin stains. Pathogenesis is unclear due to its rarity; however one of the proposed mechanisms suggests that inflammation or infection results in squamous metaplasia from which carcinoma develops. Thus there is an association with HPV and various squamous cancers. In conclusion, SCC of rectum is a distinct entity and it is important to shed some light on this rare condition because it has different epidemiology, etiology, pathogenies and requires a different treatment approach than other colorectal carcinomas. Surgery is the primary treatment which consists of local excision versus radical resection and the need for adjuvant therapy.Abstract ID: 38 Figure 1

scholarly journals Epigenetic Alterations Associated with the Overall Survival and Recurrence Free Survival among Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmen Ghantous ◽  
Aysar Nashef ◽  
Imad Abu-Elnaaj
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Recurrence Free Survival ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Free Survival

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a fatal disease caused by complex interactions between environmental, genomic, and epigenetic alterations. In the current study, we aimed to identify clusters of genes whose promoter methylation status correlated with various tested clinical features. Molecular datasets of genetic and methylation analysis based on whole-genome sequencing of 159 OSCC patients were obtained from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal. Genes were clustered based on their methylation status and were tested for their association with demographic, pathological, and clinical features of the patients. Overall, seven clusters of genes were revealed that showed a significant association with the overall survival/recurrence free survival of patients. The top ranked genes within cluster 4, which showed the worst prognosis, primarily acted as paraneoplastic genes, while the genes within cluster 6 primarily acted as anti-tumor genes. A significant difference was found regarding the mean age in the different clusters. No significant correlation was found between the tumor staging and the different clusters. In conclusion, our result provided a proof-of-principle for the existence of phenotypic diversity among the epigenetic clusters of OSCC and demonstrated the utility of the use epigenetics alterations in devolving new prognostic and therapeutics tools for OSCC patients.

scholarly journals Association between polymorphisms in TP53 and XRCC1 genes and the high-risk HPV and tumor markers in women with cervical cancer

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Ж.Т. Исакова ◽  
В.Н. Кипень ◽  
Н.М. Букуев ◽  
Э.Т. Талайбекова ◽  
К.А. Айтбаев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Цель - оценить ассоциацию генов TР53 (rs1042522) и XRCC1 (rs25487, rs1799782) со статусом по вирусу папилломы человека (ВПЧ) и уровнем онкомаркеров у женщин киргизской национальности с раком шейки матки (РШМ). Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено по типу «случай-контроль» и включало 103 женщин с гистологически верифицированным диагнозом РШМ и 102 женщин без онкологической патологии в анамнезе. Генотипирование пациентов осуществлялось методом ПЦР-ПДРФ. Проведено типировование ВПЧ 16 и 18 типов, в сыворотке крови определены уровни ракового эмбрионального антигена (РЭА) и SCC (squamous cell carcinoma antigen). Результаты. Генотипы Pro/Pro и Arg/Pro полиморфизма p.Arg72Pro гена ТР53 были ассоциированы с наличием у женщин с РШМ ВПЧ 16 типа - ОШ=1,98 (95% ДИ=1,01-3,86, p=0,04), а генотип Pro/Pro полиморфизма p.Arg72Pro гена ТР53 - с ВПЧ 18 типа - ОШ=9,15 (95% ДИ=1,78-46,96, p=0,002). Высокие уровни онкомаркеров РЭА и SCC чаще встречаются у пациентов с РШМ, имеющих размер первичного опухолевого узла более 4 см. Патологически высокие уровни РЭА и SCC ассоциированы преимущественно с ВПЧ 16 типа. Заключение. Наличие аллеля Pro (генотипов Pro/Pro и Pro/Arg) по ОНП p.Arg72Pro (ген ТР53) у женщин с РШМ ассоциировано с положительным статусом по высокоонкогенным ВПЧ 16 и 18 типов. Aim: Evaluation of the role of TР53 (rs1042522), XRCC1 (rs25487, rs1799782) gene depending on the human papillomavirus (HPV), morphological parameters of the tumor and tumor markers of the blood among women with cervical cancer (CC) in Kyrgyz Republic. Methods. This was a case-control study of 205 women of Kyrgyz origin with morphologically verified CC (N=103) and 102 women without cancer and chronic diseases. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP method. HPV 16 and 18 types, levels of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and сarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) tumor markers were detected. Results. A relationship has been identified between the genetic and clinical and biochemical parameters: Pro/Pro и Arg/Pro for single-nucleotide polymorphism p.Arg72Pro of the ТР53 gene were associated with HPV 16 type - OR 1,98 (95% CI=[1,01-3,86]), p=0,04; Pro/Pro for p.Arg72Pro of the ТР53 - with HPV 18 type - OR =9,15 (95% CI=[1,78-46,96]), p=0,002. Among patients with tumor size of more than 4 cm are more common high levels of CEA and SCC tumor markers. High levels of CEA and SCC are associated mainly with type 16 HPV. Conclusions. The results of the present study suggest that the presence of the Pro allele (genotypes Pro/Pro and Pro/Arg) by SNP p.Arg72Pro (TP53 gene) among women with cervical cancer is associated with a positive status for highly oncogenic HPV 16 and 18 types.

A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED STUDY TO COMPARE THE CONCURRENT CHEMO-RADIATION VERSUS HYPO-FRACTIONATED CHEMO-RADIATION IN LOCALLY ADVANCED CERVICAL CANCER.

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Arpan Jana ◽  
Pabitra Das ◽  
Poulami Gupta ◽  
Phalguni Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Intracavitary Brachytherapy ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Carcinoma Cervix ◽  
Advanced Carcinoma

Background: Concurrent chemo-radiation is the standard treatment worldwide for locally advanced squamous Cell carcinoma cervix. However, conventional chemo-radiotherapy is also associated with unacceptable local and systemic failure rates for locally advanced disease. Biologically squamous cell carcinoma of head- neck cancer and cervical cancer behaves quite similarly in response to radiotherapy. So, it can be expected that, altered fractionation can increase the local control in case of squamous cell carcinoma cervix than conventional radiotherapy. There is no randomised control trial for carcinoma cervix till date, which compares conventional chemo-radiation with hypo-fractionated chemo-radiation. Aims And Objectives: The present study was planned to compare local disease control and acute toxicity of conventional chemo-radiation with hypo-fractionated chemo-radiation in locally advanced carcinoma cervix. Materials And Methods: In Conventional Chemo-radiation Arm A patients (n=30) received external beam radiotherapy 50 Gy in 25 fractions in 5 weeks accompanied by weekly intravenous Cisplatin 40mg/m2 followed by intracavitary brachytherapy 7 Gy per fraction once in a week for 3 weeks. The second group of hypo-fractionated Arm B received external beam radiotherapy 45 Gy in 20 fractions in 4 weeks accompanied by weekly intravenous Cisplatin 40mg/m2 followed by intracavitary brachytherapy 9 Gy per fraction once in a week for 2 weeks. Results: Grade II diarrhea were seen more in Arm B 17 (56.66%) compare to Arm A 12(40%) and grade III diarrhea was seen 4 (3.33%) in Arm B and 2(6.66%) in Arm A. At 2 months and 6 months after completion of treatment Complete response were 25 (83.4%) in Arm A compare to 22 (73.3%) in Arm B and 20 (74.1%) in Arm A and 18 (72%) in Arm B respectively. Conclusion: Hypo-fractioned radiotherapy may be used as an alternate protocol for treatment of locally advanced carcinoma cervix with acceptable toxicities.

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