scholarly journals Public Investment in Infrastructure and Economic Growth in Nigeria (1980-2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Enya F.O. ◽  
Ezeali B.O.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Stationarity Test

The paper examined Public Investment in Infrastructure and the Economic Growth of Nigeria.The study adopted Econometric analysis using E-View.The stationarity test carried out in the study showed that all the variables were all stationary at first difference,1(1) and because of this the reserachers proceeded to determine evidence of co-integration among the variables,hence the result of the co-integration test shows that there is an evidence of 2 co-integration equations which shows that there is a long run relationship among the variables.The ECM test was well signed having -0.019307 with a good Adjusted Coeffiient of determination of 92.78% with a joint statistical probabibility of 0.00000.The study had it that Public Investment in Technology,Educational infrastruture and Power all have positive relationship with the Economy wheras Transport has negative relationship with the Economy.The study went further to conclude that Public Investment plays important roles in stimulation the Nigerian Economy especially in this era of democracy.

scholarly journals Impact of Human Capital Underutilization on Economic Growth: the Case of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya Kumar M ◽  
Balu B
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Series Data ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Adf Test

Abstract This study investigated the effect of human capital underutilization on the economic growth of India. It has used time-series data accessed from the International Labor Organization (ILO) and World Bank database. This paper estimated the relationship between the underutilization of human capital on economic growth by applying the econometric tests like Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Test, Johansen Integration Test, and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results revealed that in the long run human capital underutilization has a negative relationship on GDP and labor productivity and it does not in the short run. The study recommends that specific policy legislations in the Indian labor markets are required for addressing the problem of human capital underutilization and thereby accelerating the economic growth and productivity for the current and future generations.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF EXPORTS AND IMPORTS ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BURUNDI

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Wu Jiying ◽  
Niyonsaba Eric ◽  
Blessed Kwasi Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Stationarity Test ◽  
Integrating Vector ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigated the impact of exports and imports on the economic growth in Burundi. To achieve this purpose, annual data for the periods between 1989 and 2018 were tested. The study used Granger Causality and Johansen Co-integration approach for long-run relationship Using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillip-Perron (PP) stationarity test, the variable proved to be integrated of the order I(1) at first difference. Johansen and Juselius Co-integration test was used to determine the presence or otherwise of a co-integrating vector in the variables. To find out the direction of causality among the variables, at least in the short-run, the Pairwise Granger Causality was carried out. Exports were found to Granger Cause imports. The results show that there is unidirectional causality between exports and imports. These results provide evidence that growth in Burundi was propelled by a growth-led import strategy as well as export-led import. Imports are thus seen as the source of economic growth in Burundi. KEYWORDS: Co-integration, Granger causality; Exports; Imports; Economic growth, Burundi.

scholarly journals Examining the Causal Relationship between Private Sector Credit Extended and Economic Growth in Namibia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2(J)) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Andreas . ◽  
J P S Sheefeni
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Stationarity Test ◽  
Lending Rates

The paper examined causality between Private Sector Credit Extension (PSCE) and Economic growth using quarterly data for the period 2000:Q1-2017:Q4, in Namibia. The variables employed were Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Private Sector Credit Extended, Broad Money Supply (M2) and lending rates. The study tested for stationarity in order to determine the order of integration. Furthermore, a co-integration test was conducted on different sets of variables to establish the long run relationship. Granger causality test was also conducted to establish the direction of the relationships between the variables. The results for the stationarity test showed a combination of different orders of integration. The co-integration test revealed a stable long-run relationship among the variables. The Granger causality test results revealed one-directional causality running from PSCE to GDP. Therefore, one can conclude that that change in private sector credit extended can help predict economic growth.

Macro-Economic Disequilibrium and Educational Development in Nigeria between 1980-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (08) ◽  
pp. 20592-21600
Author(s):  
Gbadebo Salako ◽  
Adejumo Musibau Ojo ◽  
Jaji Ayobami Francis
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Stationarity Test ◽  
Level I

This study empirically investigates the effects of macroeconomic disequilibrium on educational development in Nigeria. The study employed time series data between 1980 and 2017. Autoregressive Distributed Lag method of estimation was employed. The result revealed that the variables stationarity test were mixed between the first difference I(I) and level I(0). The cointegration result shows that there exist long run relationship between the variables. The result revealed that Balance of payment, Poverty, Debt rate inflation and unemployment exhibited negative relationship with educational development. The estimation result showed that all explanatory variables account for 88% variation of educational development in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that government should fast track policies that can stabilize inflation and exchange rate in the country. Also, Policies must be formulated to reduce poverty and unemployment.

Relationship between Budget Deficit and Economic Growth: Evidence from Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Desalegn Emana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Nominal Exchange Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Long Run

This study examined the relationship between budget deficit and economic growth in Ethiopia using time series data for the period 1991 to 2019 by applying the ARDL bounds testing approach. The empirical results indicate that budget deficit and economic growth in Ethiopia have a negative relationship in the long run, and have a weak positive association in the short run. In line with this, in the long run, a one percent increase in the budget deficit causes a 1.43 percent decline in the economic growth of the country. This result is consistent with the neoclassical view which says budget deficits are bad for economic growth during stimulating periods. Moreover, in the long run, the variables trade openness and inflation have a positive impact on Ethiopian economic growth, and on the other hand, the economic growth of Ethiopia is negatively affected by the nominal exchange rate in the long run. Apart from this, in the long run, gross capital formation and lending interest rates have no significant impact on the economic growth of the country. Therefore, the study recommends the government should manage its expenditure and mobilize the resources to generate more revenue to address the negative impact of the budget deficit on economic growth.

scholarly journals Banking Sector Development, Inflation and Economic Growth in Asian Countries: A Panel Causality and Co-Integration Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Nazir ◽  
Rehana Tabassam ◽  
Ifran Khan ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Banking Sector Development ◽  
Integration Test

This study investigates the causal relationship between banking sector development, inflation, and economic growth for six Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Malaysia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) over the period of 1970-2016. Using a Pedroni panel, Kao co-integration test, Panel Granger causality-based Error Correction Model, Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and Fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), this study finds that the development of the banking sector generally has a positive relationship with economic growth in the long-run. This results show that in the long-run, monetary policy play a vital role in the economic growth. This study also confirmed the response causality between the indicators of banking sector development and economic growth. Based on the empirical findings, this research provides important policy implications to the banking sector and economic supervisory bodies in order to achieve the long run economic growth.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment, Financial Development and Economic Growth Evidence from Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najeeb Muhammad Nasir ◽  
Mohammed Ziaur Rehman ◽  
Nasir Ali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Integration Test

This study is an effort to explain and establish a relationship among foreign direct investment, financial development and economic growth in Saudi Arabian context for the period of 1970 to 2015 by employing Vector Auto Regression (VAR) and modified Granger Casualty Models. The result of Johansen co-integration test illustrates that no long run co-integration can be established among the variables. VAR has established a link between economic growth, financial development and foreign direct investment. The Granger causality test also confirms that economic growth causes foreign direct investment and financial development which is a unidirectional causality running from economic growth towards foreign direct investment and financial development. No significant causality can be observed empirically between foreign direct investment and financial development. This feature can be attributed to the fact that Saudi Arabian economy is still heavily dependent on its oil resources which is the driving force behind growth. Impulse Response Function has been utilized in order to observe the response to the shocks among the variables.

scholarly journals MONETARY POLICY AND TELECOMMUNICATION OUTPUT IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
John Abiodun Akinde ◽  
Elijah Oludayo
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Positive Effect

Different policies impact on the growth of the telecommunication sector in Nigeria. One of these policies which influence the expansion or contraction of the telecommunication output is monetary policy. To this end, this research examined the effect of monetary policy on telecommunication output in Nigeria. For the purpose of analysis, time series secondary data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin covering the periods1986 to 2018. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique was employed after examining the stationarity of the data series using Augmented Dickey-Fuller technique. The bound co-integration test revealed that there is long run equilibrium between the monetary policy variables employed and telecommunication output. The ARDL result revealed that money supply had significant and positive effect on telecommunication output in the short and long run; liquidity ratio produced an insignificant and negative relationship with telecommunication output in the short run and insignificant positive effect in the long run; exchange rate had insignificant negative effect in the short run and a significant positive effect on telecommunication output in the long run; consumer price index had significant negative influence on telecommunication outputboth in the short run and long run. The study concluded that monetary policy stimulates telecommunication output in Nigeria. Thus, it was recommended that the monetary authority should pursue an expansionary monetary policy to sustain the positive influence of money supply on telecommunication output in Nigeria while rolling out policy to reduce the liquidity ratio of banks in the short run but increase it in the long run so that the long term favourable effect of liquidity ratio can be felt on telecommunication output.  

scholarly journals Impact of Domestic Public Debt on Economic Growth - An Empirical Study in the Indian Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Srinivasa Rao Gangadharan ◽  
Lakshmi Padmakumari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Domestic Debt ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression ◽  
The Impact

This study is an empirical investigation to assess the impact of domestic debt on India’s Economic growth during the period 1980 – 2014. We use data on Domestic Debt, Net Fiscal Deficit, Exports, Savings, Real Gross Domestic Product, Population and Terms of Trade. This study adopts the ARDL Co-Integration and Granger Causality techniques to investigate the relation between the key variables. The study also employs various post estimation tests to validate the fitness and stability of the models based on Gauss Markov assumptions, after employing the ordinary least square regression on various models. We find that debt negatively impacts economic growth while savings has a positive impact. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique used to test the robustness suggests existence of co-integration among the variables. However, none of the long run co-efficient is significant. The granger causality and co-integration test results support the traditional view that debt negatively impacts economic growth.

Determination of factors affecting cognitive function in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (29) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
S. A. Smakotina ◽  
Yu. A. Bokhanov
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
The Status ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective. Patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease.Study objective. Determination of factors affecting cognitive function in patients with CKD-5.Design and methods. The study included young and middle-aged patients (18 to 60 years old) (n = 40), there is a terminal stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exclusion criteria: history of diseases of the central nervous system, brain injury, episodes of cerebrovascular accident with severity, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, pregnancy, abuse of alcohol, refusal to participate in the study. In a previous work, patient examination data were obtained on the Status PF hardware complex. Neurodynamic indicators were estimated, including the determination of the time of a simple visual-motor reaction (MTCM) and a complex visual-motor reaction (MPSM), reaction to a moving object (RDO), memory and attention. Using Spearman’s correlation analysis, we evaluated the impact on cognitive functions of a number of factors, presumably related to neurodynamics. The following factors were selected: age, creatinine level, NSE and S100 proteins, hemoglobin level, Beck’s depression points, indicators of personal and situational anxiety.Results. All patients examined on the Status PF software package had mild cognitive impairment in terms of neurodynamics, attention, and memory. The average positive relationship between the level of depression and various indicators of RDO was established: with RDO_average (ρ = 0.405; p = 0.018), with RDO_total delay (ρ = 0.540; p < 0.001), with RDO_average delay (ρ = 0.421; p = 0.007), as well as weak positive – with CEMR average exposure (ρ = 0.358; p = 0.023). An average positive relationship of creatinine level with RDO_O (ρ = 0.438; p = 0.005) is noted. A weak positive relationship between the level of personal anxiety and RDO_total delay (ρ = 0.334; p = 0.035) was revealed. The average negative relationship between hemoglobin level and RDO_total delay (ρ = –0.535; p < 0.001) was revealed. A weak positive relationship between situational anxiety and SEMR is determined by the number of errors (ρ = 0.364; p = 0.021), as well as a weak negative one with the attention volume (ρ = –0.357; p = 0.024). A weak negative relationship of age with visual memory per word was revealed (ρ = –0.362; p = 0.022).Domain of usage. Outpatient and hospital treatment stages of patients with chronic kidney disease case management

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