scholarly journals Moderating Effects of Educational Levels on the Relationship between Feminism Inclination and Appearance Management Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028-1041
Author(s):  
Young-Hee Choi ◽  
Eun-Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
Appearance Management ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
The Times

This study purpose was investigates the effects of women's feminism on their appearance management behavior and analyzes the moderating effects of their education level between them, providing basic data to offer beauty services fit for the flow of the times. For this purpose, the investigator conducted an online survey with 580 adult women across the nation and collected data was analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 program in the general characteristics of subjects, descriptive statistics, reliability and correlations among the variables. Hypothetical models were examined in fitness and tested with the AMOS 21.0 program to build a final model. Multiple group analysis was performed to examine moderating effects according to education level. Stronger feminism had negative effects on the appearance management behavior of adult women and that the feminism had greater impacts on appearance management behavior according to a higher educational level. The findings of the study have huge implications for the current situation in which the Escape the Corset movement, which is to refuse pressure on women for their appearances, is observed among the public.

scholarly journals Moderating Effects of Educational Levels on the Relationship between Feminism Inclination and Appearance Management Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028-1041
Author(s):  
Young-Hee Choi ◽  
Eun-Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
Appearance Management ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
The Times

This study purpose was investigates the effects of women's feminism on their appearance management behavior and analyzes the moderating effects of their education level between them, providing basic data to offer beauty services fit for the flow of the times. For this purpose, the investigator conducted an online survey with 580 adult women across the nation and collected data was analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 program in the general characteristics of subjects, descriptive statistics, reliability and correlations among the variables. Hypothetical models were examined in fitness and tested with the AMOS 21.0 program to build a final model. Multiple group analysis was performed to examine moderating effects according to education level. Stronger feminism had negative effects on the appearance management behavior of adult women and that the feminism had greater impacts on appearance management behavior according to a higher educational level. The findings of the study have huge implications for the current situation in which the Escape the Corset movement, which is to refuse pressure on women for their appearances, is observed among the public.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination Did Not Change the Personal Protective Behaviors of Healthcare Workers in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Hao Lei ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Tianyi Jin ◽  
Xiyue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Personal Protective Behaviors

Personal protective behaviors of healthcare workers (HCWs) and dynamic changes in them are known to play a major role in the hospital transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, 1,499 HCWs in Chinese hospitals completed an online survey about their knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and their personal protective behaviors before and after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Of all the respondents, 89% were vaccinated at the time of the survey and 96% believed that the vaccine was effective or highly effective. Further, 88% of the vaccinated HCWs expressed that they would get revaccinated if the vaccination failed. Compared with HCWs with a lower education level, those with a higher education level had less fear of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 and reported a lower negative impact of the pandemic on how they treated patients. Physicians and nurses were willing to believe that short-range airborne and long-range fomite are possible transmission routes. HCWs with a higher education level had a better knowledge of COVID-19 but worse personal protective behaviors. The fact that HCWs with a longer work experience had worse personal protective behaviors showed that HCWs gradually relax their personal protective behaviors over time. Moreover, vaccination reduced the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on how the HCWs treated patients. Importantly, the survey revealed that after vaccination, HCWs in China did not relax their personal protective behaviors, and it may bring a low potential risk for following waves of variant virus (e.g., delta).

scholarly journals A Multiple Group Analysis of Absolute versus Accessible Personal Luxury Goods Consumption Behavior among Generations X and Y in the US

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Jihyun Kim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Multiple Group Analysis

The global luxury market reached €1.17 trillion in sales in 2018 and the global market for personal luxury goods is forecast to grow to €290 billion by 2020. Close to 70% of the global personal luxury goods sales are tribute by Generations X and Y. When considering the fact that Generation X is the smaller consumer segment based on a population size, compared to baby boomers or generation Y, Gen X segment’s total expenditure on personal luxury goods, which was greater than that of either of generational cohorts is highly noteworthy. A recent study by Kim (2019) found that both generations X and Y are much heavily involved in luxury goods consumption through the ownership of multiple product categories including clothing, shoes, handbags and small leather goods, and jewelry, compared to older and younger baby boomers. Regarding personal luxury consumption at different price points such as absolute luxury vs. accessible luxury has not received much attention. Thus, this study aims to provide insights by investigating US affluent Generations X and Y consumers’ perception and lifestyle variables and their predictability of behavioral variables in the personal luxury marketplace. Using a nationwide representative sampling and online survey, a final sample of 299 responses were collected and used for this study. The confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement more as well as proposed conceptual model revealed that data fit the proposed conceptual model well. All, except one, research hypotheses received statistical support. A structural equation modeling using multiple group analysis revealed that absolute luxury owners are significantly different from accessible luxury owners. Based on the findings, pragmatic implications and future research directions are provided.

scholarly journals Moderating Effects of the Ego-Energy in Relation to Stress, Drinking Motives, and Depression in Korean Adult Males

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doohah Yoon ◽  
Hyonggin An
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
The Relationship

Although there have been numerous studies using stress and coping theories to explain the relationship between stress, drinking motives, and depression, few of them have attempted to verify these theories against adult male data. There is also a shortage of Korean studies, both theoretical and empirical, on the role of ego-energy as a moderating variable in the relationship between stress, drinking motives, and depression. This study uses a multiple-group analysis to investigate the moderating effects of the ego-energy on the aforementioned relationship in adult males. A transactional analysis tool showing the total amount of ego-energy called Ego-gram is used in this study. The tool reflects personality traits based on ego-energy state structural and functional analyses. The researchers collected empirical data to test the research model by conducting an online survey of adult males aged 20–50, residing in seven metropolitan cities and in the Gyeonggi Province. The survey yielded 567 samples. The data were then analyzed through structural equation modeling to understand the relationship between various factors. The results showed that, first, stress was positively correlated with drinking motives. Second, drinking motives had some influence on depression. Third, stress, drinking motives, and depression had statistically significant relationships between low-ego-energy and high-ego-energy groups. Overall, this study found a difference between the two ego-energy groups concerning the relationship between stress, drinking motives, and depression. Based on these results, practical implications were discussed as to how to strengthen the ego-energy, while also presenting future research directions to shed light on the precise mechanism of depression. This study is significant for exploring ways in which adult males cope with and prevent stress and depression, while also offering the basic data for improving the mental and physical health of adult males. This study is also significant for drawing attention to the necessity of developing various health and wellness programs adapted to the needs of this specific population segment while providing the data that may serve as the basis for developing such programs.

scholarly journals Risk of Increased Acceptance for Organizational Nepotism and Cronyism during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Ignatowski ◽  
Łukasz Sułkowski ◽  
Bartłomiej Stopczyński
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Impact

Nepotism and cronyism are forms of favoritism towards certain people in the workplace. For this reason, they constitute a problem for organization managers, ethicists and psychologists. Identifying the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the increase of nepotism and cronyism may provide a basis for organizations to assess their extent and to take possible measures to prevent their negative effects. At the same time, the research presented in the article may provide a basis for further research work related to nepotism and cronyism at the times of other threats, different from the pandemic. The aim of the article is to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on growing acceptance for nepotism and cronyism in Polish enterprises. Qualitative and quantitative methods have been included in the conducted research. Qualitative study aimed at improving knowledge of nepotism and cronyism and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these phenomena, followed by a quantitative study conducted in order to verify the information obtained in the qualitative study. This research has demonstrated that Nepotism and cronyism in the workplace, are phenomenon that are basically evaluated negatively. They adversely influences social and economic development, but the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on nepotism and cronyism is not significant.

scholarly journals Multilevel modelling and multiple group analysis of disparities in continuity of care and viral suppression among adolescents and youths living with HIV in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. e003269
Author(s):  
Okikiolu Badejo ◽  
Christiana Noestlinger ◽  
Toyin Jolayemi ◽  
Juliette Adeola ◽  
Prosper Okonkwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Retention In Care ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Facility Level

IntroductionSubstantial disparities in care outcomes exist between different subgroups of adolescents and youths living with HIV (AYLHIV). Understanding variation in individual and health facility characteristics could be key to identifying targets for interventions to reduce these disparities. We modelled variation in AYLHIV retention in care and viral suppression, and quantified the extent to which individual and facility characteristics account for observed variations.MethodsWe included 1170 young adolescents (10–14 years), 3206 older adolescents (15–19 years) and 9151 young adults (20–24 years) who were initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) between January 2015 and December 2017 across 124 healthcare facilities in Nigeria. For each age group, we used multilevel modelling to partition observed variation of main outcomes (retention in care and viral suppression at 12 months after ART initiation) by individual (level one) and health facility (level two) characteristics. We used multiple group analysis to compare the effects of individual and facility characteristics across age groups.ResultsFacility characteristics explained most of the observed variance in retention in care in all the age groups, with smaller contributions from individual-level characteristics (14%–22.22% vs 0%–3.84%). For viral suppression, facility characteristics accounted for a higher proportion of variance in young adolescents (15.79%), but not in older adolescents (0%) and young adults (3.45%). Males were more likely to not be retained in care (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.28; p<0.001 young adults) and less likely to achieve viral suppression (aOR=0.69; p<0.05 older adolescent). Increasing facility-level viral load testing reduced the likelihood of non-retention in care, while baseline regimen TDF/3TC/EFV or NVP increased the likelihood of viral suppression.ConclusionsDifferences in characteristics of healthcare facilities accounted for observed disparities in retention in care and, to a lesser extent, disparities in viral suppression. An optimal combination of individual and health services approaches is, therefore, necessary to reduce disparities in the health and well-being of AYLHIV.

scholarly journals Asthma patients experience increased symptoms of anxiety, depression and fear during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 147997312110296
Author(s):  
Geertje M de Boer ◽  
Laura Houweling ◽  
Rudi W Hendriks ◽  
Jan H Vercoulen ◽  
Gerdien A Tramper-Stranders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Population studies showed a decrease in psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asthma is associated with a negative effect on anxiety and depression, which might worsen during the COVID-19 lockdown. The aim of the study was to compare fear, anxiety and depression between asthma patients and patients wit hout asthma pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 pandemic. This study compares fear, anxiety and depression in asthma patients and controls between pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 lockdown with a cross-sectional online survey. Participants were invited to fill out several questionnaires pertaining to fear, anxiety, depression, asthma control and quality of life. Asthma patients (N = 37) displayed, during the course of the pandemic, a clinically relevant increase in anxiety (3.32 ± 2.95 vs. 6.68 ± 3.78; p < 0.001) and depression (1.30 ± 1.15 vs. 3.65 ± 3.31; p < 0.001), according to the hospital anxiety and depression levels (HADS) compared to pre-COVID-19 assessment. This was not seen in controls. Also, asthma patients displayed more anxiety about acquiring COVID-19 disease compared to controls ((5.11 ± 1.99 vs. 3.50 ± 2.79), p = 0.006). Patients with asthma experienced an increase in anxiety and depression levels and were more afraid of acquiring COVID-19 disease compared to controls. Also, patients with asthma were more likely to avoid healthcare facilities due to fear of acquiring COVID-19 disease compared to controls. Therefore, we advise health care workers to address these possible negative effects on mental health by phone or e-consults.

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