Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Leaves

Author(s):  
Nyi Mekar Saptarini ◽  
Dytha Andri Deswati

Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is used as an analgesic and antipyretic by the Indonesian people, empirically. The aim of this study was to determine the analgesic and antipyretic activity of ethanolic extract of sapan wood leaves in Webster mice as experimental animals. The writhing method was used to determine the analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced mice with mefenamic acid as a positive control. The temperature reduction method was used to determine the antipyretic activity in yeast-induced mice with paracetamol as a positive control. One-way ANOVA was conducted for statistical analysis, followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. Phytochemical screening showed that sappan wood contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. The optimum dose of analgesic and antipyretic activity was 6.3 mg and 8.4 mg/20 g BW of mice, respectively. The conclusion was ethanolic extract of sappan wood leaves has analgesic and antipyretic activities.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 776-781
Author(s):  
Nilsya Zebua ◽  
Muharni Saputri ◽  
Winda Giovana Sijabat ◽  
Inda Aristika Sri Retno Wulandari ◽  
Ira Nofriani ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND: An incision wound is a wound caused by a sharp object. One of the plants that can be used as a traditional medicine for an incision wound is salaon leaves. The prepared form chosen is the gel because it is easy to use and its distribution is faster on the skin. AIM: The aim of the study was to explore whether salaon leaf extract gel meets the quality evaluation requirements and to know the effectiveness of ethanol extract gel of salaon (Parsonsia alboflavescens [Dennst] Mabb.) leaves to cure a scar on male rats. METHODS: Experimental method with salaon leaves as sample. Simplicia of salaon leaves extracted by maceration method, and then arenga gum gel-based formulation, afterward evaluation, and testing of its effectiveness on the healing of incision wound of male rats. Normal data were analyzed by the One Way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Tuckey Method. Kruskal-Wallis test used for abnormal data. RESULTS: The whole formula shows homogenous results, normal pH, stability, dissemination and good viscosity, less irritating, and with good adhesion. The results of a statistical analysis of the wound on the 8th day with ANOVA test indicate a significant difference between the five groups p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) and Post-Hoc Tukey Honest Significant Difference test results obtained a concentration of 5% not significantly different from the positive control Placenta extract gel. The optimum dose that can heal incision wound in male rats is 5%. CONCLUSION: The whole formulation qualifies for the quality of the gel formulation. Ethanol extract gel of salaon leaves can heal wound on male rats and the optimal dose is 5%.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Margareta Retno Priamsari ◽  
Rina Ayu Krismonikawati

ABSTRACT Inflammation is a normal response to injury due to release of chemical mediators such as prostaglandins. Solanum betaceum Cav. skin contains flavonoid compounds. This study aims to determine the antiinflammatory power and the effect of variations in the dose of ethanolic extract of the skin of Solanum betaceum Cav on Swiss male strain mice caragenin-induced. The ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin was obtained using remaseration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Antiinflammatory power test using edema formation method with induction of caragenin 1% intraplantar 30 minutes before administration of the test material. Tests were carried out on 25 mice records which were divided into 5 groups namely negative control (0.5% CMC Na suspension), positive control (diclofenac sodium suspension in 0.5% CMC Na dose 7 mg/kgBW) and given suspension respectively. Dutch eggplant skin ethanolic extract in CMC Na 0.5% dose 70 mg/kgBW; 140 mg/kgBW; 280 mg/kgBW orally. The parameters observed were edema thickness measured using calipers at 30 minute intervals for 360 minutes. The results of edema thickness difference are used to calculate the Area Under Curve (AUC) and the percentage of antiinflammatory power (% AIP). Dat a were analyzed statistically with the One Way Anova test and continued by the Post Hoc Test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin contains flavonoid compounds and has antiinflammatory power. The greater the dose of ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin, the greater the anti-inflammatory power. Keywords: Solanum betaceum Cav., antinflammation, caragenin


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Hansa Saini ◽  
Jayesh Dwivedi ◽  
Himanshu Paliwal ◽  
Udichi Kataria ◽  
Priyanka Chauhan ◽  
...  

Catunaregam spinosa leaves have been ethnopharmacologically accounted for acquiring various pharmacological properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic potential of leaves of C. spinosa.The ethanolic extract was selected for this purpose based on phytochemical screening. Inflammation was inhibited at the dose of 200 mg/kg with percent inhibition of inflammation 32.06, 37.28 and 43.16 %, respectively, at 1, 3 and 5 h, while in egg albumin model % inhibition was found to be 47.81%. There was no significant analgesic activity seen in acetic acid induced writhing response method while significant effects were observed in the doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg on hot plate test. No antipyretic activity was shown by ethanolic extracts(25, 100 and 200 mg/kg) against Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in rats. Keywords: Catunaregam spinosa, Anti-inflammatory activity, Phytochemical screening, Ethanolic extract.


Author(s):  
Hanafis Sastra Winata ◽  
Rosidah Rosidah ◽  
Panal Sitorus

 Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity in acute and subacute models of inflammation from ethanolic fruit extract of Asam kandis (Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anderson) in animal (rats) models.Methods: Pleliminary phytochemical screening was carried out by using standard procedures.. Assessment of acute and subacute models of inflammation was using carrageenan-induced paw edema method and cotton pellet granuloma method using three dosage treatments; 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, and 800 mg/kg BW along with a negative control group (0.5% Na CMC) and positive control (Na diclofenac 2.25 mg/kg BW). The inhibition period was observed at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min time intervals.Result: The phytochemical screening showed that the ethanolic fruit extract from Asam kandis contain contains flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, and triterpenoids. The anti-inflammatory result showed that the strongest inhibition produced by ethanolic fruit extract of Asam kandis occurred on the dosage of 800 mg/kg BW compared to the other doses (200 and 400 mg/kg BW) throughout the observation period.Conclusion: This finding indicated that ethanolic fruit extract of Asam kandis (G. xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anderson) might become an interesting candidate for treatment of inflammation.


Bionatura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1387-1393
Author(s):  
Irina Francesca González Mera ◽  
Orestes Darío López Hernández ◽  
Vivian Morera Córdova

Epidendrum coryophorum belongs to the Orchidaceae family. Traditional uses of some species for this genus include infusions of the leaves used for kidney problems, treat influenza, conjunctivitis, liver pain, relieve kidney symptoms, and hypoglycemic effect. This work's objective was to determine the phytochemical profile of the ethanolic extract of Epidendrum coryophorum leaves and to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity in vitro of the extract employing the erythrocyte membrane stabilization method. The phytochemical screening carried out in this work suggested phenols, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and sterols in the ethanolic extract of Epidendrum coryophorum leaves. Cardiotonic glycosides and carbohydrates were also found. The ethanolic extract's UV-Vis spectrum showed absorption maxima at 268 nm and 332 nm, which could correspond to flavonoids of the flavonoid classes, 3-OH substituted flavonols, or isoflavones. The quantitative determination of total phenols of the ethanolic extract was carried out using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total phenolic content expressed as mg Gallic acid equivalent (G.A.E.) per gram of extract was found to be 19,96 mgGAE/g of Epidendrum coryophorum. The ethanolic extract of Epidendrum coryophorum leaves showed hemolysis inhibition values ​​of 18,19% at 1,0 mg/mL, 38,98% at 1,5 mg/mL and 40,94% at 2,5 mg/mL compared with aspirin (positive control) giving values ​​of 65,33% at 1,0 mg/mL, 72,26% at 1,5 mg/mL and 73,75% at 2,5 mg/mL. The values ​​obtained for inhibition of hemolysis with ethanolic extract, compared with the values ​​obtained with a pure anti-inflammatory, are significant and demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity in Epidendrum coryophorum. Keywords: Epidendrum coryophorum, total phenolic content, microencapsulation, anti-inflammatory activity


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Indra Rahmawati ◽  
Bagus Uda Palgunadi ◽  
Lailia Dwi Kusuma Wardhani ◽  
Ni Made Dewi Lestari

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of kecombrang flower extract (Etlingera elatior jack R.M.sm) on the death of Culex quenquefasciatus Say larvae. Experimental animals used were Culex quenquefasciatus Say larvae, amounting to 625 tails. The design used was a randomized complete design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The five treatments consisted of two test groups, namely the treatment group consisting of concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and the control group consisting of positive control namely abate and negative control namely aquades. Observation of mosquito larvae death was done every 2 hours for 12 hours. The data obtained were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test and continued with the Duncan test. Based on the results of the one way ANOVA calculation the value of sig.0.00 <0.05 means that there are significant differences between treatments. Duncan test results on the treatment of 10% and 15% kecombrang flower extract have the ability as a larvicide high and equal to positive control (abate). Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the extract of kecombrang flower (Etlingera elatior jack R.M.sm) had the ability to larvae against the Culex quenquefasciatus Say mosquito.


2018 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
F Fadila ◽  
Brian Wasita ◽  
Paramasari Dirgahayu

ABSTRAK Kurma merupakan salah satu buah dengan kandungan gizi terlengkap. Selain tinggi energi terutama karbohidrat (glukosa, fruktosa), kurma juga mengandung mineral besi yang berperan dalam metabolisme energi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kurma terhadap berat badan tikus (Rattus novergicus). Jenis penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan pre-post test with control grup. Sampel adalah 24 ekor tikus putih jantan (Rattus novergicus) strain Wistar, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok K1 (kontrol negatif), dan K2 (kontrol positif (diberikan suplemen FeSO )), P1 (perlakuan ekstrak air kurma mentah), dan P2 (perlakuan sari kurma). Analisis data dengan uji paired t-test untuk mengetahui perbedaan berat badan pre-post test, ANOVA untuk mengetahui perbedaan berat badan post test antar kelompok, yang dilanjutkan dengan post hoc test LSD, dengan α=0,01. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terjadi peningkatan berat badan pada semua kelompok sampel (K1, K2, P1, dan P2). Peningkatan berat badan tertinggi pada kelompok kontrol positif (K1) 11,12%, diikuti oleh kelompok perlakuan SK (P2) 11,00%, dan perlakuan EAKM (P1) 10,90%, sedangkan yang terendah pada kelompok kontrol negatif (K1) hanya 5,32%. Hasil analisis paired t-Test pada kelompok kontrol positif (K2), perlakuan EAKM (P1) dan SK (P2) menunjukan terdapat perbedaan berat badan pre- post test yang signifikan (p<0,01). Hasil analisis One Way Anova, diperoleh nilai p=0,000 (p<0,01) yang menandakan terdapat perbedaan berat badan post test yang signifikan antar 4 kelompok, di mana post hoc test LSD menunjukan perbedaan terletak antara kontrol negatif (K1) dengan kelompok yang diberikan perlakuan (K2, P1, dan P2), sedangkan diantara kelompok K2, P1, dan P2 tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan: Kurma dapat meningkatkan berat badan tikus yang mengalami anemia defisiensi besi. Pengaruh kurma terhadap berat badan tikus sama dengan pengaruh dari pemberian suplemen FeSO4. Peningkatan berat badan tikus tanpa perlakuan sangat rendah jika dibandingkan dengan peningkatan berat badan tikus yang diberikan kurma dan suplemen FeSO .Kata Kunci: kurma (Pheonix dactylifera L.); ekstrak air kurma mentah (EAKM), sari kurma (SK), suplemen FeSO4, berat badan tikus. ABSTRACT Dates are one of the most nutritious fruits. In addition to high energy, especially carbohydrates, dates also contain iron minerals that play a role in energy metabolism. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dates on rat body weight (Rattus novergicus). Types of laboratory experimental studies with pre-post test with control group. The sample was 24 male white rats (Rattus novergicus) Wistar strain, divided into 4 groups, ie group K1 (negative control), and K2 (positive control (given FeSO4 supplement)), P1 (crude dates juice treatment), and P2 (dates juice treatment). Analysis of data with paired t-test to determine the difference of pre-post test weight, One Way Anova to know difference of post test between group weight, followed by post hoc test of LSD, with α = 0,01. The results showed that there was an increase in weight across all sample groups (K1, K2, P1, and P2). The highest weight gain in the positive control group (K1) was 11.12%, followed by the group of dates juice treatment (P2) 11.00%, and crude dates juice treatment (P1) 10.90%, while the lowest in the negative control group (K1) only 5 , 32%. The result of paired t-test analysis in positive control group (K2), crude dates juice treatment (P1) and dates juice treatment (P2) showed significant difference of pre-post test weight (p <0,01). The results of One Way Anova analysis showed that p = 0,000 (p <0,01) indicated that there was significant difference of post test weight between 4 groups, where post hoc test of LSD showed the difference between negative control (K1) and group that given treatment (K2, P1, and P2), whereas between groups K2, P1, and P2 there was no significant difference. Conclusion: Dates can increase the weight of rats with iron deficiency anemia. The effect of dates on body weight of rats is similar to that of FeSO4 supplementation. Increased rats weight without treatment is very low when compared with the increased weight of rats given dates and supplements of FeSO4.   Keywords: dates (Pheonix dactylifera L.); raw dates crude extract, dates juice, FeSO4 supplement, weight of rats.


KOVALEN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Tien Wahyu Handayani ◽  
Agustinus Widodo ◽  
Risna Yanti ◽  
Erdy Prasetyo ◽  
Zulfaidah ◽  
...  

The snake fruit peel (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) traditionally has several health benefits, one of which is to treat diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the content of secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract of snake fruit peel and its activity on glucose and urea creatinine levels in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Phytochemical screening of extracts was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. This study is a laboratory experimental study using 30 test animals divided into 6 treatment groups (normal control, negative control, positive control, 70 mg/kg BW, 140 mg/kg BW, and 280 mg/kg BW). The results showed that the ethanol extract of the bark of the salak fruit contained 7.61 %w/w alkaloids, flavonoids 0.041% w/w, tannins 1.18% w/w, and saponins 2% w/w. Ethanol extract of salak fruit peel dose of 140 mg/kg BW affected decreasing blood glucose and urea creatinine levels. The skin of the salak fruit has the potential to be further investigated as an antidiabetic.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Nadia Fitri Hapsari ◽  
Ade Ismail ◽  
Oedijono Santoso

Background: Dental caries is the main problem of oral health in the world. The preventive is consumption cheddar cheese with caseinfosfoprotein and calcium. This study aimed to determine whether the consumption of 10 grams cheddar cheese can increase salivary pH. Method: The type of this research method is experimental with pre and post design. The samples in this research were 30 students FKG Unissula who inclusion criteria, 10 people the treatment group (consuming 10 grams of cheddar cheese), 10 people positive control group (consuming chocolate biscuits), and 10 people negative control group. The data analysis techniques using Paired T Test to determine the salivary pH before and after treatment. Furthermore, to know differences among the three groups using One Way Anova Test and Post Hoc Test . Result: Based Test Paired T Test showed that the treatment and negative group increased salivary pH. Positive control group decreased salivary pH. Based on One Way Anova test significant value 0.000 (p≤0.05), it means differences between 3 groups. Based on Post Hoc Test found significant value p≤0.05, it means differences between one group to another. Conclusion: From study result concluded that consumption 10 grams of cheddar cheese can raise the salivary pH.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 090-094
Author(s):  
Masfria Masfria ◽  
Syaiful Amri Lubis ◽  
Lenny Lenny

Kecacingan merupakan permasalahan kesehatan di dunia. Munculnya strain cacing parasit yang resisten terhadap antelmintik menyebabkan pengobatan kecacingan menjadi sulit. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengujian sumber antelmintik baru. Pengujian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui skrining simplisia dan ekstrak serta aktivitas antelmintik ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata(L.)Schoot).Ekstrak didapatkan dengan mengekstraksi serbuk simplisia daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) dengan etanol 80% secara maserasi. Uji aktivitas antelmintik menggunakan cacing Pheretima hupiensis. Pirantel pamoat dengan konsentrasi 20 mg/mL digunakan sebagai kontrol positif. Aktivitas antelmintik ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga ditentukan berdasarkan waktu paralisis dan lisis Pheretima hupiensis. Hasil pengujian serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin, dan steroid/triterpenoid. Ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata(L.) Schoot) memiliki aktivitas antelmintik terhadap cacing Pheretima hupiensis pada konsentrasi 30, 20, 15, 10, 5 mg/mL mampu membunuh cacing dengan waktu berturut-turut adalah 29,22; 46,80; 63,69; 82,66; 131,28 menit. Kelompok kontrol positif (pirantel pamoat) memiliki waktu kematian 107,64 menit sedangkan control negatif memberikan hasil negatif. Analisis statistika waktu kematian cacing dengan uji Tukey menunjukkan perbedaan secara signifikan dengan nilai p<0,05. Ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) mempunyai daya antelmintik terhadap cacing Pheretima hupiensis. Aktivitas antelmintik meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak ethanol daun ekor naga.   Worms are a health problem in the world. The emergence of parasitic worm strains that are resistant to anthelmintics makes worm treatment difficult. Therefore it is necessary to find new anthelmintic agent. This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical screening pf dried powder materialand extract as well as the antelmintic activity of ethanol extract of ekor naga leaves (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot). The extract was obtained by maceration of dried powder of Ekor Naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) leaves using ethanol 80%. The anthelmintic activity was evaluated on Pheretima Hupiensis. Pyrantel pamoate with a concentration of 20 mg/mL was used as a positive control. The anthelmintic activity of Ekor Naga leaves ethanol extract was performed based on time of paralysis and lyse of Pheretima Hupiensis. The phytochemical screening of dried powder material and extract of Ekor naga leaves ethanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and steroid/triterpenoid. The ethanol extract of Ekor naga leaves (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) displayed the anthelmintic activity on Pheretima Hupiensis with concentrations of 30, 20, 15, 10, 5 mg/mL that were able to destroy worms within 29,22; 46,80; 63,69; 82,66; 131,28 minutes, respectively. Positive control (pyrantel pamoate) induced worm mortality in 107,64 minutes meanwhile negative control did not induce mortality. Statistical analysis of worm mortality time by post hoc Tukey showed that there was a significant difference with p<0,05. Ethanol extract of Ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) leaves demonstrated anthelmintic activity on Pheretima Hupiensis. Anthelmintic activity increased with increasing concentrations of ethanol extract of Ekor naga leaves


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