Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Canavalia gladiata

Author(s):  
Sai Koteswar Sarma ◽  
D. Umamaheswari ◽  
B. R. Balakrishnan

The present study deals with the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Canavalia gladiata. Antioxidant activity by nitric oxide and DPPH methods reveals that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows good results when compared to the aqueous extract. It indicates that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows maximum percentage of inhibition when compared to the standard drug (Ascorbic acid).Antioxidants help to neutralize free radicals, which are unstable molecules that are linked to the development of a number of degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disesase, cognitive impairment immune dysfunction, cataract and macular degeneration. Antibacterial activity by Agar well diffusion method reveals that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows better results when compared to the aqueous extract. It indicates that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows maximum zone of inhibition when compared to the the standard drug (chloramphenicol).

Author(s):  
Dhanapal Venkatachalam ◽  
Akhib Rahman ◽  
Basil Sunny ◽  
Jensy Jacob ◽  
Nikhil Kuriyan ◽  
...  

Objective: The present study was designed to check in-vitro efficacy of Antibacterial and antifungal activity of aqueous and hexane extracts of stem of Justicia gendarussa against selected bacterial and fungal strains. Justicia gendarussa, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, commonly known as ‘‘vatham kolli’ was used in treatment of bronchitis, inflammation, eye diseases, ear ache, vaginal discharges, rheumatism, dysentery, eczema and jaundice. Methodology: Hexane and aqueous extracts of Justicia gendarussa was used for antimicrobial screening. Antibacterial activity was tested against pathogenic bacterial strains Eschericha coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Also antifungal activity was tested against one human pathogenic fungal strain i.e. Candida albicans. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Justicia gendarussa extract was carried out by using disc diffusion method. Results: Aqueous extract of Justicia gendarussa showed the largest zone of inhibition (5mm) against Eschericha coli, at 50µgm/ml and 3mmzone of inhibition against S. aures, at 50µgm/ml. Hexane extract does not   showing activity against to human pathogenic E. coli and S. aures, at 50µgm/ml. Aqueous extract has shown more potent antibacterial activity against Eschericha coli. Aqueous extract was found to be more effective against human pathogenic fungus Candida albicuns than hexane extract and standard drug. The zone of inhibition of Aqueous extract was 11mm and the zone of inhibition of hexane extract was7mm and standard only 2mm.The phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of different types of compounds like terpenoids, tannins, and flavonoids which may contribute for the anti-microbial action of this plant. Conclusions: These findings provide scientific evidence of traditional use of Justicia gendarussa and also indicate the potential of this plant for the development of antimicrobial agents.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Fahadul Islam ◽  
A.K. Azad ◽  
Md. Faysal ◽  
Md. A.K. Azad ◽  
Saiful Islam ◽  
...  

Objectives: Present study was designed to evaluate Analgesic, Antidiarrhoeal and Antimicrobial activities of methanol and acetone extracts of fruit peels of Limonia acidissima L. by different methods. Method: The analgesic activity of the samples was studied using acetic acid- induced writhing model in mice. Castor oil-induced antidiarrheal activity was observed by Thomas method and antimicrobial activity was monitored by disc diffusion method. Results: Limonia acidissima L. inhibited 60.53 % and 59.65 % writhing of methanol as well as acetone fruit peels extracts, respectively, compared to standard drug Diclofenac Na inhibited 78.07 % writhing. At higher dose (500 mg/kg) of the methanol and acetone fruit peels extracts, significant inhibition 47.13 and 44.83 % of characteristic diarrhoeal feces was observed, respectively, as well as at lower dose (250 mg/kg) of the both extracts, inhibition 34.45 and35.63 %. Mention able on average 12mm zone of inhibition was observed of both extract at 250µg/disc and 500µg/disc compare to zone of inhibition 36mm of ciprofloxacin at 50µg/disc. Conclusion: From the above results, it will be very much possible source for an isolating lead compound for curing the numerous disorders. Keywords: Limonia acidissima L. Fruit peels, Diclofenac sodium, Loperamide, Ciprofloxacin.


Author(s):  
PRUTHVI ML ◽  
MAHESH MK ◽  
ROHINI SAHAYA MARY

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activities of Euphorbia heterophylla latex. Methods: The antibacterial and antifungal activities of acetone, chloroform, and diethyl ether extracts were assayed by disk diffusion method. Results: The study of plant E. heterophylla latex revealed the presence of medically active metabolites. Bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited a strong zone of inhibition. Acetone extract exerts a potent zone of inhibition against P. aeruginosa compared to tetracycline. Fungi, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium sp., were used for the antifungal activity. It was observed that the highest zone of inhibition was noticed against A. niger in all the extracts. Interestingly, F. oxysporum and Penicillium sp. showed no zone of inhibition and were resistant to standard drug, fluconazole which was used as a control. Conclusion: E. heterophylla latex extract was found to be more potent than the standard drugs which were used against both the bacterial and fungal strains.


Author(s):  
D. Muthuselvam ◽  
Kathick Kathick

Delonix elata L., belongs to family Fabaceae used by the traditional various medicinal practices to cure jaundice, skin disease, heart disease, cancer cell formation, physiological abnormalities, heptoprotective, bronchial and rheumatic problems. The present study was screen the antimicrobial and phytochemical activity of alkaloid leaf extracts. This extracts was assessed on multidrug resistant clinical isolated from both gram positive, gram negative and antifungal strains including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The zone of inhibition was determined by Agar well diffusion method with various concentration. GC- MS analysis was performed to identify major bioactive compounds present in the extracts. The GC – MS studies shown the present of 25 compound were identified in the leaf extract composition. The antimicrobial analysis revealed that C. albicans showed a highest zone of inhibition 25mm at 100 mg/ml of extracts. Present finding suggest that D. elata as plant pharmaceutical and pharmacological importance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulsa Devi ◽  

Antibiotic resistance has become a global concern and hence, the search for other source of antimicrobials initiated to find a way to control infections in future. The main objective of this paper is to screen Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) for its antibacterial activity. The stem of Tinospora cordifolia is used to prepare extract for determining it’s in vitro antibacterial activity as per the agar well diffusion method. In the agar well diffusion method 100μl of 24 hr broth culture of bacteria was aseptically and evenly swabbed on Mueller Hinton agar plates. Wells of about 8 mm diameter were aseptically cut using sterile cork-borer. 100 μl of plant extracts of different concentrations were then placed into the separate wells. The plates were incubated at 37 oC for 24hr. Antimicrobial activity of the giloy was determined by measuring the diameter of zone of inhibition. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 11, 9 and 5 mm zone of inhibition in S. aureus cultures by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively while hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 14, 12, 10 and 8 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the cold extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 10, 8, 5 and 0 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia indicated 12, 10, 6 and 4 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 16, 14, 12 and 10 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The cold water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 10, 8, and 5 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively. It has been observed that Tinospora cordifolia showed very promising results as indicated by the zone of inhibition of bacterial culture through agar well diffusion method that varies from few mm to few cm. This study indicates the in-vitro antibacterial effect of Giloy which needs further validation through in-vivo studies.


2021 ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
Janardhan Namdeo Nehul

Scytonema schmidtii,a cyanobacterium was isolated from the collected soil samples from different locations of Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra state (India). Identification was carried out using morphological variation and taxonomical approaches according to Desikachary (1959) and Prescott (1962) .The axenic culture of Scytonema schmidtii was obtained by using the method recommended by Bolch and Blackburn (1996). The isolated Scytonema schmidtii was grown autotropically in BG-11 medium as described by Rippka et al.,(1979) and incubated at 30±2°c.After 25 days, biomass was harvested by filtration through double layered muslin cloth and dried using air blower. The biomass of this Scytonema schmidtii species was used for the assessment of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus flavus and Proteus mirabilis. The antibacterial activity was studied by disc diffusion method (Anonymous,1996).Methanol extract of Scytonema schmidtii showed the activity against all the tested bacterial strains.Maximum zone of inhibition (23±1.9 mm) was recorded with methanol extract of Scytonema schmidtii.


INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
S. R. Pattan ◽  
◽  
S. H Kale ◽  
R. A. Mali ◽  
S. S. Dengale ◽  
...  

Millions of people are affected by infectious diseases caused by micro-organisms. Further the widespread microbial resistance had renewed the interest in quest for new antitubercular, antimicrobial & antifungal agents. The present study deals with synthesis & evaluation of some substituted 2-aminothiazole derivatives for their antitubercular, antimicrobial and antifungal activity. 2-aminothiazole derivatives were synthesized by treating substituted acetophenones with thiourea in presence of bromine to give 2-amino 4-substituted phenylthizole and then further treated with chloracetyl chloride to give 2-chloro-N-(4-substituted phenylthizole-2-yl)-acetamide which on refluxing with primary amine gives 15 derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, H-NMR and elemental analysis.All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli by using cup plate agar diffusion method. The activity was measured in terms of zone of inhibition and compared with standard drug ciprofloxacin, sulfonamide. The aminothiazole derivatives were evaluated for antitubercular activity and their result were compared with standard streptomycin.


2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Rose Shrestha ◽  
Astha Shakya ◽  
Krishna Kumar Shrestha

Asparagus racemosus Willd. is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical regions of Nepal and India. Its medicinal usage has been reported in the Indian and British Pharmacopoeias and in traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. Asparagus curillus Buch-Ham.ex Roxb. is also one of the species found in higher altitude of Nepal. Its roots are used as substitute for A. racemosus. Phytochemical investigation was done for these two species of Nepalese Asparagus as per Methodology for Analysis of Vegetable Drugs by I. Ciulei.1982. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of coumarin, flavonoid, catecholic tannin, reducing compound in alcoholic extract of A. racemosus while its aqueous extract revealed polyuronoid, reducing compound, polyoses, saponin, gallic tannin, catecholic tannin, etc. Similarly, alcoholic extract of A. curillus revealed catecholic tannin, reducing compound and aqueous extract revealed polyuronoid polyoses, saponin, gallic tannin as main phytochemical compounds. Comparative antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of these two species has been evaluated using Kirby-Bauer Agar well diffusion method. The extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity on nine different strains of human pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalies, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Among them A. racemosus has shown selected antimicrobial effects against B. subtilis, E. coli, E. faecalis, S. cerevisiae and C. albicans with zone of inhibition of 25 mm in an average. While A. curillus showed effects on S. cerevisiae and C. albicans only with zone of inhibition about12 mm.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 91-102 


2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohaddese Mahboubi ◽  
Nastaran Kazempour ◽  
Hossein Hosseini ◽  
Mona Mahboubi

Summary Epimedium pinnatum (Berberidaceae family) is used as an aphrodisiac in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of E. pinnatum extracts (ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts). Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) of each extract were assessed by spectrophotometric methods. It was exhibited that methanol extract had better antimicrobial activity than those of ethanolic extract or aqueous extract. The TPC and TFC of E. pinnatum extracts was higher in methanol extract (149 and 36.6 mg/g) than that of ethanolic extract (137.2 and 19.5 mg/g) and aqueous extract (86.2 and 8.4 mg/g). The methanol extract had lower IC50 value (200 µg/ml) than ethanolic (250 µg/ml) and aqueous extract (400 µg/ml). There was a positive correlation between TPC, TFC in E. pinnatum extract and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Srivastava ◽  
D. K. Upreti ◽  
T. N. Dhole ◽  
Apurva K. Srivastava ◽  
Meghanand T. Nayak

Context.Usnea ghattensisG. Awasthi (Usneaceae) endemic fruticose lichen found growing luxuriantly in Northern Western Ghats of India, it also contains Usnic acid as a major chemical and tested against some human pathogenic bacteria.Objective. To explore antimicrobial properties ofUsnea ghattensisagainst some human pathogenic bacteria.Materials and Methods. The lichen was extracted in acetone, methanol, and ethanol.In vitroantimicrobial activity was tested initially byKirby-Bauertechnique of disc diffusion method and was confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration using Broth microdilution method according to the NCCLS guidelines.Results. Ethanol extract was most effective againstBacillus cereusandPseudomonas aeruginosawith a zone of inhibition 29.8 ± 0.6 mm and 12.3 ± 0.5 mm diameters at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. Acetone and methanol extract demonstrated almost similar activity againstStaphylococcus aureusand the zone of inhibition was 24.6 ± 0.5 and 24.7 ± 0.4 mm. Only methanol extract was showing activity againstStreptococcus faecaliswith a 13.5 ± 0.8 mm zone. MIC value noted againstStaphylococcus aureusandStreptococcus faecaliswas 6.25 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL, whereas againstBacillus cereusandPseudomonas aeruginosa, MIC calculated was 3.125 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion. The present study demonstrates the relatively higher activity of this lichen against not only gram (+) but significantly also against gram (−) bacteria. This indicates that this lichen might be a rich source of effective antimicrobial agents.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document