Acute Toxicity study of Synthesized drug and Herbal Product

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.52711/2231-5691.2021.00044 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 251-256

Author(s):

Tanuja Yadav ◽

Sachin Rohane

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Herbal Product ◽

Therapeutic Index ◽

Chemical Substance ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Multiple Exposures ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Short Period

Acute toxicity study describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure or from multiple exposures in a short period of time. Whenever an investigator administered a chemical substance or herbal drug to a biological system different types of interactions can occur and a series of dose-related responses result. In most cases these responses are desired and useful, but there are a number of other effects which are not advantageous. These may or may not be harmful to the patient. Acute toxicity study is involved in estimation of LD50. Also it determines the therapeutic index i.e ratio between the lethal dose and the pharmacologically effective dose in the same strain and species. This article Review the methods so for utilized for the determination of acute toxicity.

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Acute Toxicity Study and Determination of Median Lethal Dose of Catharanthus roseus in Wistar Albino Rats

Journal of Applied Sciences ◽

10.3923/jas.2019.217.222 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 217-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.G. Ajuru ◽

G. Ajuru ◽

F.W. Nmom ◽

C.W. Worlu ◽

P.G. Igoma

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Catharanthus Roseus ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Median Lethal Dose ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

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Acute Toxicity Study and Elemental Analysis of Gasca N Herbal Product

10.26538/tjnpr/v3i6.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 216-220

Author(s):

Ibrahim Ismail ◽

◽

Kabir Nafisatu ◽

Ibrahim Gezawa ◽

Fakhraddeen Muhammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Elemental Analysis ◽

Herbal Product ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Toxicity Study

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Toxicity assessment of the methanol extract of Jatropha tanjorensis (Euphorbiaceae) leaves

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43094-021-00294-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

C. Christian Chibuogwu ◽

U. Obioma Njoku ◽

F. C. Okwesili Nwodo ◽

E. O. Vincent Ozougwu ◽

N. Victor Nweze

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Relative Safety ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Potential Damage ◽

Dose Dependent Decrease

Abstract Background The leaves of Jatropha tanjorensis have been found to have important application both in traditional medicine and as an edible vegetable in Nigerian soups. It is popularly employed in Nigeria for the treatment of anemia, diabetes, and malaria. The dearth of information on its toxicity prompted this study. Mice were administered single oral doses of 10, 100, 1000, 1600, 2900, and 5000 mg/kg b.wt (n = 3/group) of the extract and were observed for 24 h for any sign of toxicity and mortality in the acute toxicity study. For the sub-acute toxicity study, doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.wt of the extract were administered to experimental rats (n = 6/group) for 28 days after which the assessment of hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as liver and kidney histology was conducted post-treatment. Body weight of the animals was also taken weekly. Results The result showed that percentage weight gain decreased as the dose of extract increased. The haematological and biochemical parameters showed that the extract had no toxic effect on experimental animals, though there was a non-significant dose-dependent decrease in WBC. The extract also showed potential to cause hepatotoxicity at the highest dose. Conclusion Though the median lethal dose of the plant extract suggests relative safety of the plant material, consuming large amounts over a prolonged time may need to be discouraged to avoid potential damage to vital organs such as the liver.

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In vivo antiplasmodial potential of aqueous seed extract of Ricinus communis

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology ◽

10.15171/jhp.2019.21 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 133-138

Author(s):

Peace ME. Ubulom ◽

Ette O. Ettebong ◽

Edidiong J. Udofia ◽

Rachel S Inyang Etuk

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Suppressive Effect ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Active Principle ◽

Acute Toxicity Study

Introduction: Ricinus communis is used by the people of Niger-Delta region of Nigeria, for the treatment of various ailments, especially malaria. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial potentials of the aqueous seed extract of R. communis, using Plasmodium berghei berghei. Methods: Acute toxicity study was carried out to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract. Antiplasmodial effect of the extract was assessed in suppressive, repository/ prophylactic and curative models, using Swiss albino mice (15-29 g). Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL of parasitized blood. Extract doses administered were 54.77, 109.54 and 164.32 mg/kg/d of the seed extract and each dose had 6 replicates. Artesunate (5 mg/kg/d) and pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg/d) were used as standard drugs, while distilled water (10 mL/kg/d) served as control. Results: Acute toxicity study produced LD50 of 547.72 mg/kg. The extract demonstrated a dosedependent reduction in parasitaemia in all tests. At the end of 4-day test, suppressive effect of 20.80, 49.00, 75.00 and 88.40% were obtained for doses 54.77, 109.54 and 164.32 mg/kg/d of the seed extract and artesunate, respectively. In the repository test pyrimethamine was more potent (72.26%) than the seed extract (9.47%–51.42%). The extract also exhibited appreciable curative effect. The activity of the seed extract was significant when compared with the control (P < 0.05). Mice treated with the seed extract and drugs survived for longer duration than the control group. Conclusion: The aqueous seed extract of R. communis has antiplasmodial potential and its active principle should be elucidated and further investigated to help in the ongoing fight against malaria.

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PHARMACOGNOSTIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF Ficus sycomorus (Linn) (Moraceae) ROOT AND STEM BARK

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-244 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 605-614

Author(s):

Murtala M. Namadina ◽

H. Haruna ◽

U. Sanusi

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Stem Bark ◽

The Body ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Root Extract ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Radical Scavenging Ability ◽

Phytochemical Components

Most of biochemical reactions in the body generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related disorders like diabetes, nephrotoxicity, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, inflammation and neurological disorders when they attack biochemical molecules like proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. Antioxidants are used to protect the cells or tissues against potential attack by ROS. Most medicinal plants possess a rich source of antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids among others. These phytochemicals are currently pursued as an alternative and complimentary drug. In this study, phytochemical components, antioxidant and acute toxicity study of the methanol extract of stem bark and root of F. sycomorus were carried out using standard methods. Findings from this study revealed the presence of some diagnostic microscopical features such as calcium oxalate, starch, gum/mucilage, lignin, Aleurone grain, suberized/Cuticular cell wall and inulin but calcium carbonate was absent in stem bark but present in the powdered root. Quantitative physical constants include moisture contents (6.40% and 7.82%), ash value (7.20% and 9.30 %) in stem bark and root respectively. Carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycoside, steroid, triterpenes and phenols were present in all the extracts. They were found to exhibit potent 1,1,-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free scavenging activity. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extracts showed the following trend Ascorbic acid < stem bark extract˃ root extract. The LD50 of the methanolic stem bark and root extracts were found to be greater than 5000 mg /kg and is considered safe for use. Nonetheless, further

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In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Withania coagulans extract

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666190416155757 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 09 ◽

Author(s):

Tejas Patel ◽

B.N. Suhagia

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Withania Coagulans ◽

Study Results

Background: Diabetes mellitus is major issue to public health as its prevalence is rising day by day. Synthetic agents available for the diabetic treatment are expensive or produce undesirable side effect on chronic use and some of them are not suitable during pregnancy. Herbal medicines accepted widely due to side effects and low cost. Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the activity of Withania coagulans extract using In-vitro and In-vivo model. Methods: Different three types of Withania coagulans extract were prepared using aqueous (W1), Alcohol (W2) and hydro-alcoholic (50:50) mixture (W3). In-vitro Anti-diabetic activity of the all three extracts evaluated using RINm5F Pancreatic beta cells.Further, n-vivo anti-diabetic evaluation performed by administering 50 mg/kg (p.o) aqueous extract for 7 days in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice. Body weight of the animals was also determined to perform acute toxicity study. Results: The results of in –vitro cell based study indicated that among all three extract, aqueous extract (W1) of Withania coagulans showed potential increase in inulin release. The EC50 of the W1 (249.6 µg/L) which is compared with standard (Glibenclamide) EC50. From the results of In-vitro study, W1 subjected for acute toxicity study and the acute toxicity study results indicated LD50 of 50mg/kg. Diabetic rats treated with W1 extract at oral dose of 50 mg/kg for 7 days showed 34.17% reduction in blood glucose in comparison to untreated diabetic (STZ-induced) rats. Blood glucose levels of Standard treated (Glibenclamide) and control untreated. Conclusion: In conclusion, results of pancreatic beta cell based study showed increase in insulin release by administration of extract. Further aqueous extract (W1) was potentially reduced blood glucose level in STZ induced diabetic mice.

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Safety Evaluation of Eucalyptus globulus Essential Oils through Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity and Skin Irritation in Mice and Rats

Current Chemical Biology ◽

10.2174/2212796814999200818095036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 187-195

Author(s):

Berhan Mengiste ◽

Tizazu Zenebe ◽

Kassahun Dires ◽

Ermias Lulekal ◽

Awol Mekonnen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Eucalyptus Globulus ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Limit Test ◽

Ointment Formulation

Background: The Eucalyptus globulus extractions have been used by the traditional healers to treat diseases in the study area. Our previous study revealed that the essential oil has antimicrobial and antifungal activity. This study determined phytochemical analysis, skin irritation, acute and subacute toxicity of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil in mice and rats. Methods: The phytochemicals were analyzed using GC-MS mass spectrometry. The acute toxicity study was determined at three dose levels of 1500 mg/kg, 1750mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg. The essential oil limit test at a dose of 1000 mg/kg was administered to mice for 28 consecutive days for sub-acute toxicity study. The mice mortality, behavioral change, injury and other signs of illness were recorded once daily. Biochemical parameters were evaluated. Liver and kidney were analyzed for histopathological analyses. The 5% ointment formulation was applied to the rat skin to determine skin irritation effects. Results: The Eucalyptus globulus essential oil showed no effect on the mice at a dose of 1500mg/kg and below, but caused signs of toxicity and death at a dose of 1750mg/kg and above compared to the controls (p<0.05). The LD50 value was 1650 mg/kg. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the body weights, gross abnormalities of the organs and biochemical parameters compared to the control at 1000 mg/kg subacute toxicity study. No histopathological changes were detected in the organs tested. The 5% ointment formulation did not show any abnormal skin reaction. Discussion: In the present study, the Eucalyptus globulus essential oil was comparable with other studies in terms of both chemical composition and its effects on sub-acute and topical application. Conclusion: This toxicity study demonstrated that Eucalyptus globulus essential oil is nontoxic at a relatively lower concentration.

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