scholarly journals Take the Initiative, Stop Being Passive to NCDs: A PCA-Weighted Composite Indicator towards Prevalence of NCDs in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Grace Chee-Yao Lee ◽  
Shirly Siew-Ling Wong ◽  
Chin-Hong Puah
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Rapid Action ◽  
Policymaking And Implementation

In today’s highly dynamic socio-economic environment, the high degree of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) poses both direct and indirect health problems for nations. This study constructed a composite Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Indicator (NCDRI) that comprises leading characteristics to predict the movement of NCDs’ prevalence, which serves as an early signaling tool for policymakers and public health sectors. A weighting scheme for both non-weighted and principal component analysis (PCA)-weighted was applied from the PCA loading factor. The findings verified that the constructed PCA-weighted approach had a remarkable lead time, which also produced better lead times and was consistent in predicting the direction of change in the fluctuations caused by NCDs’ prevalence. An appropriate regime for policymaking and implementation is required, followed by periodic monitoring and rapid action, to reduce the deadly diseases. The findings of this study demonstrate that the cost indicator marked the most significant risk factor to indicate the prevalence of NCDs; therefore, policymakers should converge on this indicator so that cost-effective interventions can result in more valuable outcomes.

scholarly journals Relationship between childhood obesity and dietary behavior in selected school-going children from Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2469
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rahanur Alam ◽  
Mohammad Asadul Habib ◽  
A. K. Obidul Huq ◽  
Sumaiya Mamun ◽  
Sompa Reza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Dietary Behavior ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is rising in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Obesity is one of the significant risk factors for many non-communicable diseases. This research aimed to investigate the current prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in selected schools in Dhaka City through anthropometric evaluation, as well as to assess the correlation of various environmental determinants such as physical activity, dietary behavior, lifestyle habits, are associated with increased risk of obesity in children.Methods: This school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 106 participants (50 male and 56 female participants) aged 6-14 years selected by convenience sampling from four randomly selected primary schools of different regions of Dhaka city. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-going children 24.5%, 68% respectively. Factors associated with being obese included type of game (χ2=34.036; p=0.001), total playtime (χ2=17.788; p=0.000), TV and computer watch time (χ2=27.321; p=0.007), spend money to buy fast food (χ2=26.451; p=0.002), eating days fast food in a week (χ2=24.825; p=0.003), type of tiffin (χ2=19.757; p=0.072).Conclusions: Less playtime, longer watching TV and computer, and eating more fast food are major risk factors for overweight and obesity among school-going children in Dhaka city. Interventions are needed to increase awareness of child overweight weight and obesity risk factors to decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Burden of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Among Elderly in India: A Study Based on LASI Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekhar Chauhan ◽  
Shubham Kumar ◽  
Ratna Patel ◽  
David Jean Simon ◽  
Aradhana Singh
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Urban Elderly ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Urban Inequality

Abstract Background: While controlling the outbreak of communicable diseases (CDs) remained a priority, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are placing an unavoidable burden on the health and social security system. India, a developing nation in South Asia, has seen an unprecedented economic growth in the past few years; however, it struggled to fight the burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the burden of CDs and NCDs among elderly in India.Methods: Data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI Wave-I, 2017-18) were drawn to conduct this study. Response variables were the occurrence of CDs and NCDs. The bi-variate and binary logistic regression were used to predict the association between communicable and non-communicable diseases by various socio-demographic and health parameters. Furthermore, to understand the inequalities of communicable and non-communicable diseases in urban and rural areas, the Fairlie decomposition technique was used to predict the contribution toward rural-urban inequalities in CDs and NCDs.Results: Prevalence of communicable diseases was higher among uneducated elderly than those with higher education (31.9% vs. 17.3%); however, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases was higher among those with higher education (67.4% vs. 47.1%) than uneducated elderly. The odds of NCDs were higher among female elderly (OR=1.13; C.I. = 1-1.27) than their male counterparts. Similarly, the odds of CDs were lower among urban elderly (OR=0.70; C.I. = 0.62-0.81) than rural elderly, and odds of NCDs were higher among urban elderly (OR=1.85; C.I. = 1.62-2.10) than their rural counterparts. Results found that education (50%) contributes nearly half of the rural-urban inequality in the prevalence of CDs among the elderly. Education status and current working status were the two significant predictors of widening rural-urban inequality in the prevalence of NCDs among the elderly.Conclusion: The burden of both CD and NCD among the elderly population requires immediate intervention. The needs of men and women and urban and rural elderly must be addressed through appropriate effort. In a developing country like India, preventive measures, rather than curative measures of communicable diseases, will be cost-effective and helpful.

scholarly journals Identifying solutions to bottlenecks in hypertension service delivery: Insights for improving case detection in Tajikistan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adanna Chukwuma ◽  
Estelle Gong ◽  
Mutriba Latypova ◽  
Nicole Fraser-Hurt
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Cascade Of Care ◽  
Feasible Solutions

Abstract Background Hypertension, a significant risk factor for ischemic heart disease and other chronic conditions, is the third-highest cause of death and disability in Tajikistan. Thus, ensuring the early detection and appropriate management of hypertension is a core element of strategies to improve population health in Tajikistan. For a strategy to be successful, it should be informed by the causes of gaps in service delivery and feasible solutions to these challenges. The objective of this study was to undertake a systematic assessment of bottlenecks in service delivery for hypertension within primary health care in Tajikistan and define appropriate solutions.Methods Our study drew on the cascade of care framework to examine patient progression through the recommended stages of care. We triangulated data from household surveys and facility registries to describe the cascade. Focus group discussions with local stakeholders identified the determinants of discontinuities in care. Drawing on global empirical evidence on effective interventions and stakeholder judgments on the feasibility of implementation, we developed recommendations to improve hypertension service delivery.Results We review the results for the case detection stage of the cascade of care, which had the most significant gaps. Of the half a million people with hypertension in either Oblast, about 10 percent have been diagnosed in Khatlon and only 5 percent in Sogd. Bottlenecks in case detection include misinformation about hypertension, ambiguous protocols, and limited delivery capacity. Solutions identified to these challenges were mobilizing faith-based organizations, scaling up screening through health caravans, job aids for providers, and task-shifting to increase provider supply.Conclusions Translating findings on discontinuities in care for hypertension and other chronic diseases to actionable policy insights can be facilitated by collaboration with local stakeholders, triangulation of data sources, and identifying the intersection between the feasible and the effective in defining solutions to service delivery bottlenecks.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Pugalenthi . ◽  
Ndanyuzwe Aime
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Married Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
National Family

The parts and organs communicate with each other to ensure function of the body properly. Communication among various regions of the body is essential for enabling the organism to respond appropriately to find any changes in the internal and external environments. Communicable and non-communicable disorders are often quite complex involving a mixed picture of hypo secretion and hyper secretion. The objectives are to study the regional variations of communicable and non-communicable diseases among the currently married women; to examine the communicable and non-communicable diseases and the various socio-economic and demographic characteristics and to study predictors of communicable and non-communicable diseases with Principal component analysis (PCA). The present study is being made to analyze from National Family Health Survey (NFHS- III) conducted during 2005-06. Total number of sample was 4102 from the collected sample sizes and particularly those who were answered for the above questions were taken for the analysis to find accurate information. To find the predictors of Diabetics, Asthma and Thyroid, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was used. The analysis part represents that of the communicable and non-communicable diseases like Asthma was experienced by those who do not use LPG/Electricity. It was about 62 percent of respondents were experienced Asthma than the other two diseases (Thyroid and Diabetics). But those diseases were in higher proportion among those who had the level of education was secondary and higher secondary. It indicates that of the communicable and non-communicable diseases Asthma was experienced by 48.6 percent compared to the other two diseases such as Thyroid and diabetics among the respondents.

scholarly journals The Use of Food Images and Crowdsourcing to Capture Real-time Eating Behaviors: Acceptability and Usability Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Harrington ◽  
Shannon N Zenk ◽  
Linda Van Horn ◽  
Lauren Giurini ◽  
Nithya Mahakala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Food Images

BACKGROUND As poor diet quality is a significant risk factor for multiple noncommunicable diseases prevalent in the United States, it is important that methods be developed to accurately capture eating behavior data. There is growing interest in the use of ecological momentary assessments to collect data on health behaviors and their predictors on a micro timescale (at different points within or across days); however, documenting eating behaviors remains a challenge. OBJECTIVE This pilot study (N=48) aims to examine the feasibility—usability and acceptability—of using smartphone-captured and crowdsource-labeled images to document eating behaviors in real time. METHODS Participants completed the Block Fat/Sugar/Fruit/Vegetable Screener to provide a measure of their typical eating behavior, then took pictures of their meals and snacks and answered brief survey questions for 7 consecutive days using a commercially available smartphone app. Participant acceptability was determined through a questionnaire regarding their experiences administered at the end of the study. The images of meals and snacks were uploaded to Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a crowdsourcing distributed human intelligence platform, where 2 Workers assigned a count of food categories to the images (fruits, vegetables, salty snacks, and sweet snacks). The agreement among MTurk Workers was assessed, and weekly food counts were calculated and compared with the Screener responses. RESULTS Participants reported little difficulty in uploading photographs and remembered to take photographs most of the time. Crowdsource-labeled images (n=1014) showed moderate agreement between the MTurk Worker responses for vegetables (688/1014, 67.85%) and high agreement for all other food categories (871/1014, 85.89% for fruits; 847/1014, 83.53% for salty snacks, and 833/1014, 81.15% for sweet snacks). There were no significant differences in weekly food consumption between the food images and the Block Screener, suggesting that this approach may measure typical eating behaviors as accurately as traditional methods, with lesser burden on participants. CONCLUSIONS Our approach offers a potentially time-efficient and cost-effective strategy for capturing eating events in real time.

scholarly journals Competing Frames in Global Health Governance: An Analysis of Stakeholder Influence on the Political Declaration on Non-communicable Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Suzuki ◽  
Douglas Webb ◽  
Roy Small
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
High Income ◽  
The Political ◽  
Member States ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
High Level

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly recognized as a significant threat to health and development globally, and United Nations (UN) Member States adopted the Political Declaration of the Third High-level Meeting (HLM) on the prevention and control of NCDs in 2018. The negotiation process for the Declaration included consultations with Member States, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), and non-state actors such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the private sector. With NCD responses facing charges of inadequacy, it is important to scrutinize the governance process behind relevant high-level global decisions and commitments. Methods: Through a review of 159 documents submitted by stakeholders during the negotiation process, we outline a typology of policy positions advocated by various stakeholders in the development of the Declaration. We document changes in text from the draft to the final version of the Declaration to analyse the extent to which various positions and their proponents were influential. Results: NGOs and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) generally pursued ‘stricter’ governance of NCD risk factors including stronger regulation of unhealthy products and improved management of conflicts of interest that arise when health-harming industries are involved in health policy-making. The private sector and high-income countries generally opposed greater restrictions on commercial factors. The pattern of changes between the draft and final Declaration indicate that advocated positions tended to be included in the Declaration if there was no clear opponent, whereas opposed positions were either not included or included with ambiguous language. Conclusion: Many cost-effective policy options to address NCDs, such as taxation of health-harming products, were opposed by high-income countries and the private sector and not well-represented in the Declaration. To ensure robust political commitments and action on NCDs, multi-stakeholder governance for NCDs must consider imbalances in power and influence amongst constituents as well as biases and conflicts in positioning.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases in the Adult Population of Urban Areas in Kabul City, Afghanistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khwaja Mir Islam Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
World Health ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: Non-Communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global problem. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of common risk factors for NCDs among the adult population in urban areas of Kabul city, Afghanistan.Methods and Materials: This study was conducted from December 2011 through March 2012 and involved a survey of 1169 respondents, aged 40 years and above. Multistage cluster sampling was used for participant selection, followed by random sampling of the participants. The World Health Organization STEPwise approachfor Surveillance (STEPS) was modified and used for this study. Results: The overall prevalence of smoking was 5.1% (14.7% men versus 0.3% women) and using mouth snuff was 24.4% in men and 1.3% in women. The prevalence of obesity and hypertension were 19.1% and 45.2 % in men and 37.3% and 46.5% in women. Prevalence of diabetes was 16.1% in men and 12% in women. The overall prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus was 31.2%, 46% and 13.3%, respectively. On average, subjects consumed 3.37 servings of fruit and 2.96 servings of leafy vegetables per week. Mean walking and sitting hours per week (as proxies for physical activity) were 19.4 and 20.5, respectively. A multivariate model demonstrated that age was a significant risk factor for obesity (OR=1.86), diabetes (OR=2/09) and hypertension (OR=4.1). Obesity was significantly associated with sex (OR=1.65). Conclusion: These results highlight the need for interventions to reduce and prevent risk factors of non-communicable diseases in urban areas of Kabul City, Afghanistan.

scholarly journals In transition: current health challenges and priorities in Sudan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. e001723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmita Charani ◽  
Aubrey J Cunnington ◽  
AlaEldin H A Yousif ◽  
Mohammed Seed Ahmed ◽  
Ammar E M Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
National Burden ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Republic

A recent symposium and workshop in Khartoum, the capital of the Republic of Sudan, brought together broad expertise from three universities to address the current burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases facing the Sudanese healthcare system. These meetings identified common challenges that impact the burden of diseases in the country, most notably gaps in data and infrastructure which are essential to inform and deliver effective interventions. Non-communicable diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, renal disease and cancer are increasing dramatically, contributing to multimorbidity. At the same time, progress against communicable diseases has been slow, and the burden of chronic and endemic infections remains considerable, with parasitic diseases (such as malaria, leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis) causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobial resistance has become a major threat throughout the healthcare system, with an emerging impact on maternal, neonatal and paediatric populations. Meanwhile, malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency and poor perinatal outcomes remain common and contribute to a lifelong burden of disease. These challenges echo the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals and concentrating on them in a unified strategy will be necessary to address the national burden of disease. At a time when the country is going through societal and political transition, we draw focus on the country and the need for resolution of its healthcare needs.

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