scholarly journals Mineral Fertilization Increases Litterfall in Degraded Soils by Arenization

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Huan Pablo De Souza ◽  
Angélica Costa Malheiros ◽  
Dione Richer Momolli ◽  
Aline Aparecida Ludvichak ◽  
Claudiney Couto Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Probability Of Error ◽  
Chemical Fertilization

Young stands on sandy soils with low natural fertility are more dependent on chemical fertilization. The litterfall becomes the most important route for biogeochemical cycling in an ecosystem. Therefore, the aim of the study was to quantify the annual litterfall, evaluate the seasonality of deposition and verify the litterfall response under different amounts of fertilizers in a young eucalyptus stand implanted in soil degraded by arenization in southern Brazil. Litterfall was evaluated using litter traps with an area of 0.5 m². Fortnightly, over a year, collections and quantification of dry mass were performed. Each of the 5 fertilizer treatments received increasing amounts of nutrients. The litterfall had seasonal pattern, with larger quantities for the spring season, with statistical difference at a level of 5% probability of error from other seasons evaluated, marked by the increase in temperatures. The amount of litterfall, in descending order, followed the amount of nutrients applied in the treatments: T5 > T3 > T4 > T2 > T1. The annual litterfall ranged from 518 to 1326 kg ha-1 of the treatment that received natural phosphate (T1) and triple superphosphate (T5), respectively. This variation represents an increase of 156%. The increase in litterfall is associated with the amount of fertilizers.

scholarly journals PHOSPHATE AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION FOR RADISH GROWN IN A LATOSOL WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF THESE NUTRIENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR BERNARDES CECÍLIO FILHO ◽  
ALEXSON FILGUEIRAS DUTRA ◽  
GILSON SILVERIO DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Chemical Fertilization ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT The intensive cultivation of vegetables with frequent chemical fertilization may cause accumulation of nutrients in the soil. This, in turn, may reduce crop yields and damage the environment due to contamination of ground water and rivers. Thus, to increase the effects of P (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha -1 of P2O5) and K (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1 of K2O) doses on the growth and productivity of radish cultivars (Sakata 19 and Sakata 25) in a soil with high levels of these nutrients, two experiments were conducted in randomized blocks with the factors cultivars and doses arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial design with three replications. Number of leaves per plant, leaf area, shoot and root dry mass, total and commercial productivity, percentage of cracked roots and P and K contents in the plant and in the soil were evaluated. The Sakata 19 cultivar performed better than the Sakata 25 in both experiments. The fertilization with P or K did not influence the growth and the productivity of both radish cultivars. Therefore, both cultivars of radish evaluated do not need to be fertilized with P and K when planted in a Latosol with high levels of these nutrients.

scholarly journals Broccoli production depending on the seed production system and organic and mineral fertilizer

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Lopes ◽  
Janaína Mauri ◽  
Adésio Ferreira ◽  
Rodrigo S Alexandre ◽  
Allan R de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass ◽  
Espirito Santo

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, in Alegre, Espirito Santo state, Brazil, to evaluate the broccoli production depending on the seed production system and organic and mineral fertilization. Seeds of the broccoli cultivar Ramoso Piracicaba were originated from lots of seed obtained in an organic and conventional production system. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, with four replications in a factorial arrangement combination of the lots, 2x5 (organic and mineral fertilized seeds) and substrates [S1 (soil + sand + manure), S2 (soil + sand + manure + NPK), S3 (soil + sand + manure + Fertium® 10 g L-1), S4 (soil + sand + manure + Fertium® 30 g L-1) and S5 (soil + sand + manure + Fertium® 50 g L-1]. The analyzed variables were emergency, fresh and dry mass of aerial part, emergency speed and height of seedlings after 28 days of sowing, and plant diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, fresh and dry mass of aerial part, plant height, root volume, fresh and dry root mass, absolute and relative growth rates and increment to leaf area and plant height after 104 days. The emergency was similar in the different substrates; great vigor occurred on conventional seeds; the mineral fertilization increased the production of fresh mass of aerial part; the use of substrate containing soil, sand soil conditioner Fertium (30 to 50 g L-1) increased the volume, fresh and dry mass of roots and rate of increase in these variables.

scholarly journals Recharging infiltration of precipitation water through the light soil, in the absence of surface runoff

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciszek Czyżyk ◽  
Zbigniew Świerkot
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Precipitation Water ◽  
Annual Index

Abstract The article presents the value of recharging infiltration of precipitation through the light soil and its distribution over time, based on five-year of lysimetric research. The effect of organic and mineral fertilization on the infiltration was studied. In lysimeters does not occur the phenomenon of surface runoff, and thus, by analogy, the results of the research can be applied to agriculturally used lowland areas with sandy soils. The results showed that the infiltration is very changeable in time. On its value, in addition to precipitation, the greatest influence has evapotranspiration. The largest infiltration occurs in March after the spring thaws (IE = 70-81% monthly precipitation) and the smallest in August (IE = 1.2-15.0% precipitation, depending on the type of fertilizer used and the level of fertilization). The soil fertilization, especially by using organic fertilizer (compost), is a factor, which has significantly influence on reduction of the recharging infiltration. The soil fertilization with compost reduced the infiltration of 7.4-9.0%, and with mineral fertilization of 5.4-7.0% of annual precipitation totals, compared with the infiltration through the soil not fertilized. The average annual index of infiltration was 21.8-25.3% of annual precipitation totals in variant of soil fertilized and 30.7% in case of the soil not fertilized.

scholarly journals Broccoli yield in response to top-dressing fertilization with green manure and biofertilizer

Revista CERES ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Bernardo de Freitas ◽  
Márcio Sousa Rocha ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽  
Letícia Monteiro da Silva Freitas ◽  
Leandro de Almeida Resende
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Organic Compost

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance of broccoli under different top-dressing organic fertilizations. The experiment was conducted under protected cultivation, in a completely randomized design with four replications, with two plants per experimental unit. Broccoli seedlings were produced in a commercial substrate in styrofoam trays. The seedlings were transplanted to plastic pots containing 10.0 L of substrate made up of subsoil and organic compost at the ratio of 3:1 (v/v), respectively, which is equivalent to about 20.0 t ha-1 of organic compost at planting. After seedling establishment, the top-dressing fertilization treatments were applied: gliricidia biomass associated or not with liquid biofertilizer of cattle manure to the soil and bokashi. Two control treatments were established: one with mineral fertilization recommended for the crop and the other without top-dressing fertilization. The broccoli production was evaluated (commercial standard). Plants that received mineral fertilizer were more productive, however, they were not significantly different (p>0.05), by Dunnet test, from the plants fertilized with 2.5 t ha-1 gliricidiabiomass (dry mass) associated with liquid biofertilizer (2.0 L m-2) applied to soil. Top-dressing fertilizations with only gliricidia, at 2.5 and 5.0 t ha-1 of biomass (dry mass), resulted in no significant increase in production of broccoli inflorescence. The use of bokashi in addition to gliricidia biomass and liquid biofertilizer reduced the efficiency of the fertilization compared with plants that received only gliricidia and liquid biofertilizer.

scholarly journals Decomposed babassu biomass residue enhances the initial development of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

2021 ◽  
pp. 409-415
Author(s):  
Hosana Aguiar Freitas de Andrade ◽  
Raissa Rachel Salustriano da Silva- Matos ◽  
Nitalo André Farias Machado ◽  
Analya Roberta Fernandes Oliveira ◽  
Valdryckson Costa Garreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Response Capacity

Cassava is a tuber of significant cultural and economic importance for family farming. However, cultivation in the northeastern region of Brazil is characterized by low productivity, resulting from cultivation in naturally marginal soil, which can cause food insecurity to farmers in the region. The objective was to evaluate the initial development of cassava using substrates derived from decomposed residue from babassu biomass, as a supplement to the soils with low natural fertility. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the municipality of Chapadinha, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The treatments consisted of six inclusion levels of babassu biomass (BB) in the substrates: S0, 100% soil; S20, 20% BB + 80% soil; S40, 40% BB + 60% soil; S60, 60% BB + 40% soil; S80, 80% BB + 20% soil; and S100, 100% BB. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The soil used in the experiment is classified as dystrophic Yellow Oxisol. At the end of the experiment, the following were evaluated: percentage of cuttings survival, leaf area, shoot length, shoot diameter, root length, root volume, aerial part dry mass and root dry mass. With the exception of the sprout diameter, the inclusion of BB in the substrates provided a significant positive effect for all analyzed variables, which demonstrates the early response capacity of cassava seedlings to the use of organic waste associated with the soil low fertility. The use of babassu biomass as an organic fertilizer improves soil fertility, stimulating the growth and development of cassava seedlings in a sustainable production system

scholarly journals Leguminous Alley Cropping Improves the Production, Nutrition, and Yield of Forage Sorghum

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Robson da Costa Leite ◽  
José Geraldo Donizetti dos Santos ◽  
Rubson da Costa Leite ◽  
Luciano Fernandes Sousa ◽  
Guilherme Octávio de Sousa Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Presence And Absence

This study aimed to evaluate the growth, production, and leaf contents of macronutrients, as well as the yield of forage sorghum cultivated on the alleys of Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp.) and Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) in the presence and absence of mineral fertilization. The experiment was conducted in two different periods: During the 2016/2017 double crop (cultivation carried out at the end of the crop cycle) and during the 2017/2018 crop (cultivation carried out at the beginning of the crop cycle). A randomized block design, in which the first factor refers to cultivation systems (single sorghum, sorghum cultivated in Gliricidia alleys, and sorghum cultivated in Leucaena alleys) and the second factor refers to mineral fertilization (presence and absence of fertilization), in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was used. The leguminous plants were cut, and the residues were deposited in the alleys. The cultivation in alleys without mineral fertilization increased total forage biomass when compared to the single crop cultivation. Cultivation in Leucaena alleys showed a higher leaf content of nitrogen (N) when compared to the single crop, both in the presence and absence of mineral fertilization. In the double crop, sorghum cultivated in Leucaena alleys without fertilization presented a higher forage yield (up to 67%) when compared to the single crop system. However, there was no difference in yield when mineral fertilization was applied to the treatments. Overall, the alley crops were able to increase the morphological (plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), panicle diameter (PD), and panicle length (PL) and yield (leaf dry mass (LDM), stem dry mass (SDM), total green mass (TGM), and total dry mass TDM) variables of the crop, improving the productivity of forage sorghum.

scholarly journals SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE FODDER WITH LEGUMES AND MANURE DOSES

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 882-890
Author(s):  
Charlley de Freitas Silva ◽  
Erika Valente de Medeiros ◽  
Marthony Dornelas Santana ◽  
Maysa Bezerra de Araújo ◽  
Argemiro Pereira Martins Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Biochemical Quality ◽  
Soil Microbiological Activity

ABSTRACT Maize is an important cereal and it is widely consumed in the world, both as food for humans and animals. Nitrogen (N) is a nutrient required in large quantities by maize, but unfortunately, soils are limited in meeting this need. Nodulating legumes can serve as a source of Nitrogen, because they are symbiotically associated with bacteria capable of fixing atmospheric N. Another important source of this nutrient is cattle manure, which is widely used in agriculture. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using legumes and cattle manure on the production as well as the microbial and biochemical quality of the soil used for maize cultivation. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design, in a sub-subdivided plot scheme [(2x4) +2], two leguminous plants (pigeon pea and macassar bean), four doses of cattle manure (0, 20, 40 and 60 t ha-1) and two controls; one with mineral fertilization and the other cultivated without the use of fertilizers. Treatment using a manure dose of 60t ha-1 and pigeon pea legume, recorded higher dry mass production per plant. The increase in manure doses was directly proportional to the length and weight of the cobs for the two legumes. The enzymatic activities were affected by the different doses and legumes, with greater results being recorded at the 60 t ha-1 dose with the macassar legume. The use of legumes with manure improved maize production as well as the microbiological and biochemical quality of soils.

scholarly journals Relation between chemical indices of soil and earthworm abundance under chemical fertilization

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iordache ◽  
I. Borza
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chemical Fertilization ◽  
Phosphorous Content ◽  
Spss Software

The study intended to establish how the dynamics of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) changes in soil (abundance, biomass), under conditions of mineral fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorous in four different doses, in a 33-year experimental placement in the west of Romania, in wheat-soybean-maize-barley rotation. The soil indices taken into study were: pH, humus, total nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. Statistical connections between the studied factors were realized using the dispersion analysis ANOVA and the SPSS Software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The study showed an increase of earthworm abundance and biomass under conditions of chemical fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorous. The highest number of earthworms was recorded in the treatment with the largest dose of nitrogen fertilizer (by 85.85% higher compared to the control treatment). The greatest positive influence on earthworm abundance and biomass was manifested in humus and total nitrogen. The greatest negative influence on earthworm abundance was found in pH factor, while phosphorous content of soil exerted the greatest negative influence on earthworm biomass.  

scholarly journals Mineralogy and Maximum Phosphorus Adsorption Capacity in Soybean Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Reginaldo De Oliveira ◽  
Laércio Santos Silva ◽  
Naiara Fernanda de Souza ◽  
Marizane Pietroski ◽  
Gustavo Caione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Aluminum Oxides ◽  
P Content ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Phosphorus Application

The low natural fertility of tropical soils and the mineralogy almost dominated by iron and aluminum oxides limit the availability of phosphorus (P) to the plants, causing negative impacts on soybean yield. Objective was to evaluate the effect of phosphate fertilization on soils with different maximum phosphorus adsorption capacities (PAC) in soybean development. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, using Red-yellow Latosol (RYL) and a Typic Hapludalf (TH) soil as substrate. The analyses were performed by a completely randomized experimental design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement with three replications. The treatments consisted of 5 doses of P applied, corresponding to 0, 1, 6, 12, and 24% of PAC of each soil. In the soil, the mineralogy of the clay fraction (hematite, goethite, gibbsite and kaolinite) and crystallographic attributes were characterized. In the plant, we evaluated growth and pod production. The PAC of the soils ranged from 220 to 650 mg dm-3 with higher value in the RYL associated to clayey oxidic mineralogy and texture in relation to the TH of kaolinite origin and sandy texture, where the higher energy of adsorption observed was to TH. Phosphorus application from 16 to 21% of PAC, independently of the soil, promotes the same pattern of response with improvements in soybean development evidenced by increases in P content in plant tissue, plant height, root volume and aerial dry mass.

Reproduction of the water snake Helicops infrataeniatus (Colubridae) in southern Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Felipe Schmidt de Aguiar ◽  
Marcos Di-Bernardo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Water Snake ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Two Peaks

AbstractThe reproductive cycle, sexual maturity, fecundity, and sexual dimorphism of Helicops infrataeniatus Jan, 1865, were inferred from the analysis of 374 preserved specimens (110 males, 140 females) from the eastern Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. There was no statistical difference between the SVL of newborn males and females, but mature females attained greater length than mature males. The tail of mature individuals was proportionally longer in males than in females. Males matured at a smaller size than females. The reproductive cycle of this species was longer than what is known for oviparous colubrids from subtropical and temperate zones of Brazil. In the studied population, vitellogenesis occurred from September to February. Oviductal embryos were found from September to May. Births took place in September, January, February and March, and occurred in two peaks. Litter size ranged from 5 to 22 offspring. The differences between the number of vitellogenic follicles and embryos, and between embryos and newborns were not significant, thus practically all follicles were generally converted into embryos and embryos into newborns.

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