POSSIBILITIES OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PNEUMONIA ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
А.Н. Ахмульдинова ◽  
Г.Д. Касымбекова ◽  
Д.Н. Дауыт ◽  
Ж.А. Калыев
Keyword(s):  
Central City ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Plane Image ◽  
Pulmonary Pathology ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Computed Tomograph ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Актуальность проблемы быстрой и точной диагностики пневмонии, ассоциированной с covid-19, в период присвоения коронавирусной инфекции (covid-19) статуса пандемии, безусловно бесспорна. Своевременная диагностика влияет на прогноз заболевания. Цель оценить возможности КТ при выявлении пневмонии, ассоциированной с covid-19 и уточнения стадии развития пневмонии. Материал и методы. Исследования проводились на мультиспиральном компьютерном томографе SOMATOM Difinition AS (Siemens). В исследования включены пациенты, прошедшие КТ грудной полости с 01.06.2020. по 31.08.2020. из базы Центральной Городской Клинической Больницы (ЦГКБ) г.Алматы. Результаты КТ оценивали визуальным методом. Визуальную оценку осуществляли с использованием трехплоскостной реформации изображений, что позволяло определить локализацию, контуры, протяженность измененных участков легочной ткани. Результаты. По данным проведенных обследований у большинства пациентов были выявлены признаки воспалительных изменений в легких, которые оценивались рентгенологами нашей клиники с учетом уже известных на тот момент специфических паттернов, характерных для пневмонии, ассоциированной с covid-19. По результатам КТ органов грудной клетки при дифференциальной диагностике пневмонии, ассоциированной с covid-19 от другой легочной патологии. Специфичность составила 88%. Заключение. КТ органов грудной полости является высокоспецифичным методом исследования при диагностике пневмонии, ассоциированной с covid-19. The urgency of the problem of rapid and accurate diagnosis of pneumonia associated with covid-19 during the assignment of coronavirus infection (covid-19) pandemic status is certainly indisputable. Timely diagnosis affects the prognosis of the disease. The aim is to evaluate the possibilities of CT in detecting pneumonia associated with covid-19 and to clarify the stage of development of pneumonia. Material and methods. The studies were carried out on a multispiral computed tomograph SOMATOM Difinition AS (Siemens). The study included patients who underwent CT of the thoracic cavity from 01.06.2020. to 31.08.2020. from the base of the Central City Clinical Hospital (CGKB) in Almaty. CT results were evaluated by visual method. Visual assessment was carried out using a three-plane image reformation, which made it possible to determine the localization, contours, and extent of the altered areas of lung tissue. Results. According to the conducted examinations, most patients showed signs of inflammatory changes in the lungs, which were evaluated by radiologists of our clinic taking into account the specific patterns already known at that time, characteristic of pneumonia associated with covid-19. According to the results of CT of the chest organs in the differential diagnosis of pneumonia associated with covid-19 from other pulmonary pathology. The specificity was 88%. Conclusion. CT of the thoracic cavity is a highly specific method of investigation in the diagnosis of pneumonia associated with covid-19.

MOLECULAR IMAGING METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Kudryavtsev A.D. ◽  
Filimonova A.M. ◽  
Znamenskiy I.А.
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

A study was conducted to determine the possibility of using and evaluate the effectiveness of nuclear medicine methods for diagnosing inflammatory changes in the cardiovascular system in patients with coronavirus infection. The study ex-amined 10 patients with a confirmed moderate-severity COVID-19 infection without a history of cardiovascular dis-eases. The diagnosis was performed using PET / CT with 18-FDG. In the future, a visual assessment of the degree of accu-mulation of radiopharmaceuticals drugs in the myocardium and its distribution. For comparison, we used PET / CT data of the myocardium of healthy patients from the Department's database. According to the results of the study, 25% showed an increased accumulation of radiopharmaceutical in the myocardium without a clear correspondence to the vascular highways, which indicates the presence of an inflammatory process in the heart muscle, despite the absence of clinical manifestations. The study shows the high efficiency of molec-ular imaging methods in the diagnosis of inflammatory changes in the cardiovascular system in patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Novel Coronavirus in Pediatric and Geriatric Population- What We Know

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 300-304
Author(s):  
Amit Reche ◽  
Anjali Nandanwar ◽  
Aniket Hedaoo ◽  
Kumar G. Chhbra ◽  
Punit Fulzele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Pulmonary Pathology ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)is a virus responsible for the coronavirus infection that is currently causing a severe outbreak of the disease in the world, infecting and killing thousands to lacs of people. The pediatric and geriatric population is no exception to this. Children and older adults have less immunity, which makes them more susceptible to infection than other populations. But still the number of cases of Children where less as compared to adults and those having underlying pulmonary pathology or immunocompromising conditions are more vulnerable to infection. Some studies have shown that this virus causes more death in the older age population as compared to adults or children. Patients having any systemic conditions like diabetes, raised blood pressure, heart diseases, lung diseases and chronic renal diseases were more vulnerable to this infection. In this article, we will outline the epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment modalities of the novel coronavirus-2019(COVID 19) infection in humans, with more focusing on infection in children as well as in older adults.

scholarly journals A clinical case of chickenpox complicated by meningoencephalitis and cerebral edema in combination with a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a 5-year-old child

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
M. N. Kuzmina ◽  
E. G. Klimovitskaya ◽  
S. N. Eshmolov ◽  
I. G. Sitnikov ◽  
E. V. Elyakova
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

The new coronavirus infection COVID-1 9 in children generally proceeds favorably, but in combination with other acute infectious diseases and in persons with background pathology and impaired immune reactivity may pose a particular threat.The article presents a clinical case of chickenpox, complicated by meningoencephalitis and cerebral edema, in combination with COVID-1 9 in a 5-year-old child. Chickenpox was not quite typical: against the background of febrile temperature, there was a scanty spot-papular rash with single vesicles that appeared later, the absence of elements on the mucous membranes and the development of neurological symptoms in the first day of the disease. CОVID-1 9 was characterized by a wave-like course with fever up to 39,1 °C, tonsillitis phenomena and inflammatory changes in the blood test.

scholarly journals ADAPTATION OF EARLY NEONATAL CHILDREN BORN FROM MOTHERS WHO REHIVED COVID-19 DURING PREGNANCY (DESCRIPTION OF TWO CASES)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3(41)) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
M. Kiselova ◽  
A. Komar ◽  
O. Malanchak ◽  
O. Potsyurko
Keyword(s):  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Transient Conditions ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Vesicular Rash ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Neonatal Adaptation ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Clinical Cases

The frequency of detection of infected children with SARS-CoV-2, which is 10% of the total number of infected, including newborns, suggests the need for careful diagnosis of pathological conditions that may occur in children, particularly in the neonatal period. If at the beginning of the detection of COVID-19 it was claimed that the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 does not affect children, then analyzing the new data we see that 2% of patients with diagnosed clinical cases of COVID-19 are children, including newborns. The article describes observations of several clinical cases of early neonatal adaptation of children born to women who had mild to severe COVID-19 during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively, because these children at birth had vesicular rash, symptom, which is considered rare for this category of newborns. In 2020, 2,300 newborns were born in the neonatal department of the 3rd City Clinical Hospital of Lviv, with every 5th woman in labor (20%) relapsed to COVID-19 during pregnancy.Analyzing the course of early neonatal adaptation, we found that the adaptation period of such children may not differ from the adaptation of newborns in the number and manifestations of transient conditions characteristic of the first days of life, whose mothers did not suffer from COVID-19 during pregnancy. However, coronavirus infection in women in both the first and third trimesters of pregnancy may be associated with signs of congenital vesiculosis in children, accompanied by inflammatory changes in the blood and blood clotting in the period of early neonatal adaptation in the newborn. Children had no other signs of pathological symptoms (fever, lethargy, drowsiness, hypotension, rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, cough, respiratory disorders (tachypnea, wheezing), vomiting, diarrhea and feeding disorders)), characteristic of infectious diseases specific to newborns, which can be masked by transient states. Manifestations of transient conditions in the observed children were: milia, simple erythema, desquamative peeling of the epidermis, toxic erythema, physiological jaundice.Treatment of the affected areas of the skin with rash elements with 0.05% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine, a three-day course of ampicillin, administered to the child from the first hours of life at a dose of 100 mg / kg / day intravenously contributed to the disappearance of vesiculosis. The maintenance therapy was a multiprobiotic in the form of drops. In the presented cases, no obstacles to breastfeeding and cohabitation of mother and child were observed. In the departments of newborn maternity hospitals, it is necessary to find opportunities, for diagnostic purposes, to conduct microbiological studies of pustules and biomaterial from the mucous membranes of the genital tract to further compare the results and establish etiological factors of vesiculosis, determine biochemical blood tests - CRP, ALT, AST, LD serum, coagulation parameters.

scholarly journals Oligodendrocytes that survive acute coronavirus infection induce prolonged inflammatory responses in the CNS

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (27) ◽  
pp. 15902-15910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruangang Pan ◽  
Qinran Zhang ◽  
Scott M. Anthony ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Xiufen Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Precursor ◽  
Lineage Tracking ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Neurotropic strains of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a coronavirus, cause acute and chronic demyelinating encephalomyelitis with similarities to the human disease multiple sclerosis. Here, using a lineage-tracking system, we show that some cells, primarily oligodendrocytes (OLs) and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), survive the acute MHV infection, are associated with regions of demyelination, and persist in the central nervous system (CNS) for at least 150 d. These surviving OLs express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and other genes associated with an inflammatory response. Notably, the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration was variable, dependent on anatomic location within the CNS, and without obvious correlation with numbers of surviving cells. We detected more demyelination in regions with larger numbers of T cells and microglia/macrophages compared to those with fewer infiltrating cells. Conversely, in regions with less inflammation, these previously infected OLs more rapidly extended processes, consistent with normal myelinating function. Together, these results show that OLs are inducers as well as targets of the host immune response and demonstrate how a CNS infection, even after resolution, can induce prolonged inflammatory changes with CNS region-dependent impairment in remyelination.

scholarly journals Osteophytes may be a rare cause of recurrent pleural effusions

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Psathakis ◽  
V. Skouras ◽  
F. Chatzivassiloglou ◽  
K. Tsintiris
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Bony Structure ◽  
Medical Thoracoscopy ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Mechanical Irritation

We report a rare case of a 59 year-old female, who was admitted to the hospital because of a recurrent right-sided pleural effusion. The initial work-up was non-diagnostic. The diagnosis was finally confirmed following medical thoracoscopy, where an osteophyte of a rib was found to protrude sharply into the thoracic cavity. Chronic inflammatory changes of the pleura suggested mechanical irritation due to long lasting friction between this bony structure and the underlying lung. This is the first report where an osteophyte seems to be implicated in pleural pathology. A brief review of the available data from the literature is presented to further support our results.

scholarly journals X-RAY-morphological features of the current COVID-19 and HIV infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
A. A. Gaus ◽  
N. V. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
The World ◽  
Morphological Picture ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Secondary Diseases ◽  
Hiv Negative

Infection of HIV-infected with a new coronavirus infection, due to its high contagiousness, is inevitably growing all over the world. According to estimates of Chinese scientists, their number is currently more than 500 thousand people. Considering that COVID-19 leads to suppression of immunity and the emergence of opportunistic infections in HIV-negative patients, the activation of secondary diseases in patients with HIV is natural. In view of this, the study of the features of the X-ray morphological picture of inflammatory changes in the lungs according to MSCT data in patients with COVID-19/HIV became the goal of this study. 13 patients who underwent treatment at the Surgut Regional Clinical Hospital during the period from March to July 2020 underwent MSCT of the chest organs upon admission, before discharge, as well as in case of deterioration or lack of effect from the therapy — every 3 days. The detection of pathognomonic CT signs of COVID-19 in the lungs in patients with HIV (the nature of the lesion, the stage of the disease, the severity of the inflammatory process) was carried out in parallel with the diagnosis of opportunistic infections. During the examination, atypical clinical and X-ray morphological signs of the course of COVID-19/HIV coinfection were identified. In HIV-infected people, COVID-19 proceeds more easily and in disguise, while opportunistic infections both in clinical and radiological manifestations have priority signs. They are the reasons for the aggravation of the course of the disease, as well as the development of complications in these patients.

Response of wheat cultivars to early post-emergence herbicides containing MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid)

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Leys ◽  
RB Hinkley ◽  
JA Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
New South ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Main Tiller

In southern New South Wales in 1978 and 1979, the responses of 10 spring wheat cultivars to early post-emergence applications of MCPA, bromoxynil plus MCPA, and dicamba plus MCPA, were evaluated. The herbicides were applied at the rate recommended by their manufacturer (1x), and at 3 times this rate (3x). Cultivars differed in their responses to these treatments and herbicide tolerance was related to the stage of development of the apical meristem of the main tiller at the time of spraying. Olympic, Shortim and Egret were the most sensitive cultivars and their grain yield, averaged over rate and year, was reduced by 33, 19, and 15% respectively. Songlen, Jabiru and Durati were the most tolerant cultivars. Songlen was not affected by any herbicide, even when the 3x rates were used, while the grain yields of Jabiru and Durati were only reduced in 1 year, and then only by the 3x rate of dicamba plus MCPA. The remaining cultivars, Kite, Gamenya, Condor and Lance, were intermediate in their response to these herbicide treatments. Delaying the application of 1 of these herbicides, dicamba plus MCPA, until spikelet initiation, minimised yield reductions. Correlations between visual assessment of crop damage and grain yield reduction varied between cultivars and between herbicides.

ROC Analysis of Three Perfusion Display Options for ECG-gated Perfusion SPECT in Severe CAD

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (06) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
H. Bailer ◽  
Marianne Gwechenberger ◽  
Martha Pruckmayer ◽  
A. Staudenherz ◽  
G. Kronik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
3D Mapping ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Gated Perfusion Spect ◽  
Perfusion Spect ◽  
Coronary Stenoses ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Valve Plane

Summary Aim: The simultaneous computation and display of wall motion and perfusion patterns in a single 3D ventricular model would considerably ease the assessment of ECG-gated Tc-99m-sestamibi SPECT, yet the effect on the accuracy of allocating regional perfusion has so far not been validated. Methods: 3D perfusion mapping (3D Perfusion/Motion Map Software) was compared to the visual assessment of ungated tomographic slices and polar perfusion mapping (Cedars-Sinai PTQ) by correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis at different cut-off levels for coronary stenoses in 50 patients (11 single-, 22 two-, 16 three-vessel disease). Ungated SPECT data were obtained by adding the intervals prior to reconstruction and displaying conventional tomographic slices. All display options were visually assessed in 8 ventricular segments according to a 4-point scoring system and compared to the graded results of coronary angiography. Results: All three display options showed a comparable diagnostic performance for the detection of severe stenoses. The diagnostic gain for the detection of stenoses above 59% was highest for ungated tomographic slices, followed by ungated polar mapping and 3D mapping. Regional assessment revealed a limited performance of 3D mapping in the proximal anterior and distal lateral wall. Polar mapping showed a balanced regional performance. Conclusion: 3D Perfusion mapping provides comparable information to conventional display options with the highest diagnostic strength in severe stenoses. Further improvement of the algorithm is needed in the definition of the valve plane.

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