A Comparison between the Effectiveness of Norethisterone and Dydrogesterone for treatment of Irregular Menstrual Cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2876-2878
Author(s):  
Asma Yasin ◽  
Madiha Afzal ◽  
Uzma Aziz

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is defined as irregularities in the menstrual cycle involving frequency, regularity, duration, and volume of flow outside of pregnancy. Up to 1/3rd of women experience abnormal uterine bleeding in their life, with irregularities most commonly occurs at menarche and perimenopause due to disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of Norethisterone and Dydrogesterone for the treatment of irregular menstrual cycles due to abnormal uterine bleeding of ovulatory or endometrial dysfunction and to check for patient satisfaction after the use of prescribed hormones by taking their feedback. Methods: This observational, comparative, cohort-prospective study was conducted on 100 nonpregnant women between the ages of 15-45 years who presented with complaints of irregular menstruation in gynae outdoor of AMTH for 6 months from April 2021 to September 2021. After excluding pelvic pathology, known thyroid disease, coagulation disorder, or use of the contraceptive method, the participants were divided into Group A and Group B, each having 50 participants. Results: The mean age±SD of the participants in Group A was 29±3.4 while Group B had mean age±SD was 29.5±3.6. In Group A, 38(76%) patients reported a regular menstrual cycle after 3 months of use while 12(24%) patients complained of persistent irregular menstrual cycle despite 3 months use of Norethisterone with compliance in Group B using Dydrogesterone, 22(44%) patients had regular menstrual cycles while 28(56%) patients had persistent irregular menstrual cycles after three months of use. Conclusion: So we concluded from our study that Norethisterone had a better cycle control than Dydrogesterone. Keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding of ovulatory and/or endometrial dysfunction, Norethisterone, Dydrogesterone,

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Djordjevic ◽  
Jelena Milosevic ◽  
Zorica Stanojevic

Background/Aim. The prevalence of endometrial polyps (EPs) in the general female population is about 24%. Abnormal uterine bleeding is frequently the presenting symptom of EPs. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of EPs in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods. The prevalence and characteristics of EPs were investigated in 961 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding who underwent dilatation and curettage between January and December 2006. Regarding histopathological features of EPs (presence of atypical hyperplasia or endometrial carcinoma), patients were divided into two groups: group A - patients who had EPs and EPs with hyperplasia without atypia (n = 204) and group B - patients who had EPs with atypical hyperplasia and EPs with carcinoma (n = 7). Results. In 211 (21.94%) patients EPs were found with abnormal uterine bleeding. Histopathologically, there were 175 (82.94%) EPs, 29 (13.74%) EPs with hyperplasia without atypia, 5 (2.37%) EPs with atypical hyperplasia, and 2 (0.95%) EPs with endometrial carcinoma. Contrary to the patients with EPs and EPs with hyperplasia without atypia (group A), patients who had EPs with atypical hyperplasia and EPs with carcinoma (group B) were older (p < 0.05), and more commonly postmenopausal (p < 0.05) and with hypertension (p < 0.05), all of statistical significance. Conclusion. The prevalence of endometrial polyps in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding according to our data was 21.95%. Atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma were rarely confined to a polyp. Older age, postmenopausal period and hypertension may increase the risk of premalignant and malignant changes in endometrial polyps.


Author(s):  
Ahmed N. Fetih ◽  
Ahmed M. Abbas ◽  
Fatma A. Kamel ◽  
Ihab H. El Nashar

Background: The current study aims to compare the use of tamoxifen and oral contraceptive pills in women using implanon and complain with irregular uterine bleeding.Methods: Women attended family planning clinic using implanon presented by bleeding were invited to participate in the study. They were randomized into two groups: Group A: 100 women received Tamoxifen 10 mg twice daily for 10 days taken at the onset of an episode of bleeding or spotting episode. Group B: 100 women received Combined oral contraceptive pills (microcept) once daily for 21 days take at the onset of an episode of bleeding or spotting episode.Results: No difference regarding the baseline criteria of both groups. No difference between both groups regarding the duration of irregular bleeding in the implanon users (p=0.090). Additionally, the number of bleeding days and spotting in the last month was similar in both groups (p=0.554). The percentage of women who stopped bleeding during the period of treatment is 84% in the tamoxifen group and 92% in the COCs group, but the COCs needs longer treatment time, where the mean of days required to stop bleeding is 5.03±1.8 days in the tamoxifen group and 6.5±2.5 in the COCs group. Headache and nausea were the most prominent adverse effects found in the COCs group (p=0.000).Conclusions: Oral administration of tamoxifen 10 mg twice daily for 10 days is effective on stopping bleeding attacks in implanon users.


2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Golam Murshid ◽  
Idris Ali ◽  
Amirul Islam ◽  
Sabina Yeasmeen ◽  
Nurul Islam ◽  
...  

Background Subarachnoid block for caesarean section is very acceptable technique and it rates are steadily increasing in recent years. It is now spreading up to remote areas. Infusion technique of oxytocin is safe during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Objective To compare the haemodynamic changes caused by oxytocin given as an I/V bolus or infusion to decrease uterine bleeding in caesarean section. Method A total number of sixty patients ASA grade I were selected. Thirty patient in each group. In group A, parturient received oxytocin 5IU of I/V in bolus and group B, infusion of oxytocin 5IU diluted with 5ml normal saline given I/V over 2 min by using infusion pump. The study period was started just before oxytocin given and it was continued for a further 10 min. Systolic and diastolic BP, MAP, heart rate, uterine bleeding were recorded in every 1 min. Result The mean difference of all haemodynamic parameters at 2 to 5 mins of administration of oxytocin were statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion The haemodynamic changes were more marked in I/V bolus of oxytocin than infusion technique. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i2.19801 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(2): 48-51


2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Owais Mattoo ◽  
Aamir Yousuf ◽  
Anees Mir ◽  
Rahil Muzaffar ◽  
Rauf Ahmad ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the outcomes of various medical treatment modalities for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Study design Prospective study design. Materials and methods One-hundred and fifty patients were divided into three groups (A, B, C) based on the mode of intervention used for the control of LPR. Each study group enrolled 50 patients using random tables. • Group A: These patients were put on a twice daily dosage of esomeprazole (20 mg bd) and domeperidone (10 mg bd) for 4 months • Group B: These patients were put on bd dosage of esomeprazole (20 mg) and domeperidone (10 mg) and also received counseling for dietary and lifestyle changes. The duration of treatment was for 4 months. • Group C: These patients received, in addition to above, 10 mg of amitriptyline (tricyclic antidepressant) bid, again for 4 months. Results The success achieved in controlling LPR was defined as greater than 50% improvement in baseline symptoms. The success achieved in group A was 46%, in group B was 54% and in group C was 40%. The relative change in reflux symptom index (RSI) over any given period of time was significantly higher than the relative change in reflux finding score (RFS). The relative change in RSI over first month was 30.99%, which is significantly higher than the relative change of RFS (6.39%) over the same period. The mean RSI scores during 4 months of treatment fell from 20.67 to 8.9 (p < 0.01) in group A, from 23.3 to 8.6 (p < 0.01) and from 21.3 to 10.8 (p < 0.05) in group C. The mean RFS during 4 months fell from 15 to 6.5 (p < 0.05) in group A, from 16 to 6.4 (p < 0.05) and from 15 to 6.4 (p < 0.05) in group C. Conclusion • All the three interventions had a statistically significant impact on the signs and symptoms of LPR. • However, higher success rates were achieved in group B where patients were put on a bid dosage esomeprazole and domeperidone nad counseled for lifestyle and dietary changes. Paradoxically, success rates achieved in group C was lower than other groups, possibly because of the anticholinergic effects of amitriptyline causing dry mouth and dry throat. • The symptomatic improvement was seen much earlier than the improvement in laryngoscopic findings. This was evidenced by the fact that relative change in RSI was much higher than the relative change of RFS over a given period of time. • If diagnosed with enough surety and certainty, patients of LPR do not need any antidepressant medications as these medications may not have any role in the treatment of same and may, however, worsen the condition owing to their anticholinergic side effects. How to cite this article Mattoo O, Muzaffar R, Mir A, Yousuf A Charag AH, Ahmad R. Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Prospective Study Analyzing Various Nonsurgical Treatment Modalities for LPR. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2012;2(1):5-8.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Jegoda

Background: A chronic wound is a wound that does not heal in an orderly set of stages and in a predictable amount of time the way most wounds do; wounds that do not heal within three months are often considered chronic. Aim of this study the efficacy of topical use of collagen granules in wound healing.Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 60 patients were divided into two groups, according to type of dressing i.e. for group A patients collagen granules were used and for group B patients normal saline dressing was used. Collagen granules used for this study was Medfil II.Results: The Mean ulcer size at day 1 in group A was 16.29 cm2 with a SD of 6.07cm2. In Group B, the mean ulcer size at day 1 was 14.73 cm2 with a SD of 6.37 cm2. The Z value is 0.93 and p value is >0.5. This is comparable but statistically not relevant.Conclusions: The use of Collagen Granules dressing accelerated the rate of wound healing in chronic ulcers In this study authors found that the rate of wound healing was significantly better in using Collagen Granules but after 2 weeks.


2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Meemansa 1 ◽  
Manish Kumar Saini ◽  
Sushila Sharma

Introduction: Asrigdara is of more concern, because excessive or prolonged bleeding may cause undue disruption of woman’s daily activities & affects woman's health both physically and psychologically. As per Ayurveda classics, Asrigdara is defined as excessive menstrual bleeding for prolonged duration and / or scanty intermenstrual bleeding for a shorter duration, denoting the features of specific Dosha. Asrigdara can be correlated with abnormal uterine bleeding especially dysfunctional uterine bleeding on the basis of its description in literature. Thus, according to its pathogenesis Pittashamaka, Vatanulomana, Rakta-sthapaka, Rakta-samgrahi, Agni-deepana and Garbhashaya-balya Chikitsa is beneficial in Asrigdara. Though the main concern is to reduce bleeding, hence Rakta Sthapana chikitsa becomes important. Acharaya Charaka said it to be treated on the principles of management of Raktatisara, Raktapitta and Rakta arsha. Aim & Objectives: To compare the efficacy of Drakshadi Yoga and Kutajashtaka Ghana in management of Asrigdara. Materials & Methods: Study was conducted on clinically diagnosed 30 patients of Asrigdara in P.G. department of Prasuti Tantra and Stri Roga, N.I.A., Jaipur. Drakshadi yoga was taken in this study from Sushruta Samhita Uttar Tantra 45/34 in reference to Raktapitta chikitsa. Kutajashtaka ghana (Chakradutta 3/86-89) was taken from Chakradutta from Atisaar Chikitsa, having indication in asrigdara. Result: Comparing the symptomatic improvement in both groups it was found that average percentage of relief was a little bit higher in ‘Group B’ Kutajashtaka Ghana i.e. 74.79 %, followed by ‘Group A’ Drakshadi Yoga i.e. 74.21 %. Keywords: Kutajashtaka Ghana, Drakshadi Yoga, Raktapitta chikitsa, Atisaar Chikitsa


2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (09) ◽  
pp. 1234-1238
Author(s):  
Farah Ashraf ◽  
Humaira Zafar ◽  
Mubashra Naz ◽  
Umber Fatima ◽  
Anees Fatima

Objective: To compare the adequacy of endometrial sampling with pipelle versus conventional dilatation and curettage in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Settings: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Madina Teaching Hospital affiliated with University Medical and Dental College Faisalabad. Period: July 2019 to June 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 90 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were included in the study. Patients in Group A underwent endometrial sampling in OPD without anesthesia using pipelle. Patients in Group B were admitted, dilatation and curettage was done in operation theatre under anesthesia, endometrial tissue sent for histopathology. Patients were called in OPD on follow up visit with histopathology report. Results: Comparison of adequacy of endometrial sampling with pipelle versus conventional dilatation and curettage in abnormal uterine bleeding shows that 84.44% (n=38) in Group A and 91.11% (n=41) in Group B have adequate sample. P value was 0.33, showing insignificant difference. Conclusion: Pipelle has acceptable adequacy for endometrial sampling as compare to dilatation and curettage. It is an outpatient procedure, no need of anesthesia and cervical dilatation. Pipelle can be safely used as an alternative to conventional dilatation and curettage.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.


1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77


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