STUDY OF MICROSCOPIC FEATURES OF TANACETUM SANTOLINA PLANT

2022 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
М.С. Жанибек ◽  
К.К. Орынбасарова
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Diagnostic Signs

В данной статье представлены результаты микроскопического исследования особенностей анатомического строения (листья, цветки) растения пижмы сантолинной (Tanacetum Santolina). Цель работы: изучение анатомического строения надземных органов, определение подлинности и отличия от других видов. Материалы и методы: объект исследования - цветки пижмы сантолинной, собранные в период цветения в мае 2020 года в предгорных равнинах Каратау. Микроскопическое исследование цветков пижмы сантолинной проводилось в соответствии с требованиями государственной фармакопеи Республики Казахстан. С помощью микроскопа Биолам-5 изучался объект с увеличением от х40 до х400. Исследование срезов и создание микрорисунков проводили с помощью цифрового камерного тринокулярного микроскопа «МТ300L» (Япония) (увеличенный 7х1,5х4,5; 7х1,5х8; 7х1,5х40). Результаты и обсуждения: изучены диагностические признаки для определения цельного сырья: диагностические признаки листьев, форма клеток эпидермиса, тип аппарата устьиц, строение волосков и эфирномасличных желез; формы оксалата кальция. Выводы: проведен микроскопический анализ цветков пижмы сантолинной. Для определения подлинности этого сырья были выявлены анатомодиагностические признаки. Во всех частях растения встречаются одноклеточные волоски и пучковые волокна. На обеих частях листовой пластины хорошо видны волокна и волоски, устьица, пигментные полости. Кристаллы оксалата кальция, находятся в мезофильных полостях листа. В цветках оксалат кальция встречается только в виде четырехугольного кристалла. На анатомическом признаке измельченного сырья видны эфирномасличные железки. Форма эфирно-масличных желез обнаруживает основные диагностические признаки цветков и листьев пижмы сантолинной. Анатомические характеристики позволяют повысить уровень стандартизации, дальнейшее изучение лекарственного растительного сырья This article presents the results of a microscopic study of the anatomical structure (leaves, flowers) of the Santolina’s tansy plant (Tanacetum Santolina). The purpose of the work: to study the anatomical structure of aerial organs, to determine authenticity and differences from other species. Materials and methods: the object of research is the flowers of Santolina’s tansy collected during the flowering period in May 2020 in the foothill plains of Karatau. Microscopic examination of the flowers of Santolina’s tansy was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Using a Biolam-5 microscope with magnification from x40 to x400 an object was studied. The study of sections and the creation of micro-nozzles was carried out using a digital chamber trinocular microscope "MT300L" (Japan) (enlarged 7x1.5x4.5; 7x1.5x8; 7x1.5x40). Results and discussions: diagnostic signs for the determination of whole raw materials were studied: diagnostic signs of leaves, the shape of epidermis cells, the type of stomatal apparatus, the structure of hairs and essential oil glands; forms of calcium oxalate. Conclusions: microscopic analysis of flowers of Santolina’s tansy was carried out. Anatomical and diagnostic signs were identified to determine the authenticity of this raw material. Unicellular hairs and beam fibers are found in all parts of the plant. Fibers and hairs, stomata, pigment cavities are clearly visible on both parts of the leaf plate. Calcium oxalate crystals are located in the mesophilic cavities of the leaf. In flowers, calcium oxalate occurs only in the form of a quadrangular crystal. On the anatomical feature of the crushed raw materials, essential oil glands are visible. The shape of the essential oil glands reveals the main diagnostic signs of flowers and leaves of santolina tansy. Anatomical characteristics make it possible to increase the level of standardization, further study of medicinal plant raw materials.

Features of the anatomy of the leaves of Laurocerasus officinalis M. Roem.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.S. Cheryatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Spongy Mesophyll ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
Main Vein

The article presents the results of microscopic analysis of the leaves of L. officinalis. The main anatomical and diagnostic features that can be used in identifying and evaluating the authenticity of medicinal plant raw materials are established. Analysis of the anatomical structure showed that the leaves of L. officinalis are dorsoventral; the leaf plastic is hypostomatic, and the stomatal apparatus is anomocytic. The main vein of the leaf blade and petiole is represented by a bicollateral conducting bundle. Idioblasts represented by round- shaped essential oil cells were first identified in the columnar and spongy mesophyll of the leaf and petiole. Single diamond-shaped crystals and calcium oxalate druses were also found in the leaves. The information obtained can serve as a basis for the development of the section "Microscopy" in the draft regulatory documentation.

Microscopic Evaluation of Salvia stepposa Des.- Schost above - ground part widespread in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 4773-4776
Author(s):  
Levaya Ya. K. ◽  
Ishmuratova M. Yu. ◽  
Atazhanova G. A. ◽  
Zilfikarov I. N. ◽  
Loseva I. V.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Mesophyll Structure ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
Ground Part

Microscopic analysis of medicinal plants and raw materials is one of the stages of quality control which makes it possible to determine the authenticity of an object. This article presents the results of microscopic analysis of leaves, corolla, leafstalks and stalk of Salvia stepposa (steppe sage). This species is a relative to Salvia officinalis officinal used in traditional medical systems as an anti-inflammatory agent. The purpose of this study is to determine the features of the anatomical structures of the above-ground part of steppe sage and to reveal diagnostic signs at the microscopic level. Preliminary pharmacognostic investigation of vegetative raw material is done and diagnostic signs are identified. The detail microscopy revealed the presence of 3 types of trichomes on leaves’ epidermis: 1) simple unicellular; 2) simple multicellular; 3) glandular; their localization and shape are determined. Type of mesophyll, structure of trichomes; form and location of epidermal cells, the presence of rare simple trichomes along the edge are discovered. As a result of the research the anatomical features of the raw material were established, which make it possible to identify the above-ground part of Salvia stepposa and can be used for the development of regulatory documentation.

scholarly journals Identification of anise (Anisum vulgare Gaertn.) herbs by morphological and anatomical characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
S. V. Kolisnyk ◽  
T. M. Gontova ◽  
U. A. Umarov ◽  
K. R. Hordiei
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Normative Documentation ◽  
First Time

The fruits of anise contain different classes of biologically active compounds, due to which they have antidepressant, antiperoxidant, antidiabetic effect; extracts of this plant have an antibacterial effect. Professional literature lacks information on the chemical composition of anise herbs and prospects for their use in medicine. The aim of the work is to study of the morphological and anatomical structure of the aboveground organs of anise and to establish of macro- and microscopic diagnostic characters necessary for the identification of the plant raw materials. Materials and methods. Anise herbs consisting of stems, leaves flowers, and unripe fruits were used for the study. Fresh and dried raw materials were macroscopically analyzed with the naked eye and using a magnifying glass (×10). Studies of transverse and longitudinal sections, epidermis and surface preparations were performed using conventional techniques: with microscopes MBS 9, MS 10 (glasses ×5, ×10, ×15, lenses ×10, ×40), Micromed XS-4130 (eyepiece WF15X, lenses ×40/0.65, ×10/0.25) with a photomicrographic attachment. The micrographs were taken with Samsung PL50 camera. Results. As a result of the macro- and microscopic analysis, diagnostic properties of anise herbs were established. Conclusions. It is for the first time that macro- and microscopic characteristics of anise herbs were studied, which confirms the identity of raw materials. The obtained results will be used for the development of domestic normative documentation on anise herbs raw materials.

scholarly journals Morphological and anatomical properties of Veronica crista-galli Steven

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Nigar Hidayet Pashayeva ◽  
Tahir Abbasali Suleymanov ◽  
Yusif Balakerim Kerimov ◽  
Eldar Kocheri Gasimov ◽  
Fuad Huseynali Rzayev
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Picric Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sponge Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
Plant Raw Material ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tem Method

The aim of this work was to study of diagnostic signs of the morphological and anatomical structure of Veronica crista-galli Steven. from the flora of Azerbaijan. Materials and methods. The samples for research were collected during their flowering time in June 2018, in the Ismailli region of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Plant samples were fixed in a solution made in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH=7.4), containing 2.5 % glutar-aldehyde, 2.5 % paraformal-aldehyde and 0.1 % picric acid. In the next stage was the preparation of block and their filling in Araldite – Epon according to the TEM method. Results. The leaf is simple, lower part is short-petiolate and upper is sessile. The surface, on both sides of the leaf, is reliefly, and 7–8 conductive veins are clearly visible. The lower and upper sides of the leaf, and also margin, are strewn with multicellular hairs. The calyx of the flower consists of two sepals which grown together at the base, covered with simple multicellular hairs. The stalk in is a long filiform. The corolla of flower consists of 4 petals which grown together at the base and 2 stamens attached to the tube of the corolla. On the epidermis, cells with sinuous and bead-like walls, numerous stomata of the stavrocytic type, capitate hairs are visible. From the cross section of the leaf, it is visible that palisade tissue at the upper and sponge tissue at the bottom. Conclusions. As a result of morphological and anatomical studies, it was revealed that diagnostic signs of plant raw material can be: Present of multicellular hairs on the leaf blade; The location of the capsule between the sepals; Stavrocytic type of the stoma structure; The bead-like walls of the epidermis; Capitate hairs on the epidermis; Sepals covered by hairs. The established anatomical diagnostic features can be used for the drafting of the normative document on the plant raw materials and for identification of plant raw material of Veronica crista-galli

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING PECTIN CONCENTRATE FROM ROSEHIP FRUITS

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
М.Ж. Кизатова ◽  
Д.А. Абдуллаева
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Material ◽  
Pectin Substances

Статья посвящена важности пектиновых веществ, а также расширению сферы использования лекарственного растительного сырья. В качестве лекарственного растительного сырья представлены технологии получения пектинового экстракта из плодов шиповника, которые встречаются на территории Казахстана 25 видов. Применение пектина в медицине. The article is devoted to the importance of pectin substances, as well as to the expansion of the use of medicinal plant raw materials. As a medicinal plant raw material, technologies for obtaining pectin extract from rosehip fruits, which are found in 25 species on the territory of Kazakhstan, are presented. The use of pectin in medicine

TECHNOLOGY OF PLANT RAW MATERIALS MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSING WITH PLEUROTUS STRAINS FOR FEED PRODUCTS PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
Veronika Valentinovna Tarnopol’skaya ◽  
Tat'yana Vasil'yevna Ryazanova ◽  
Natal'ya Yur'yevna Demidenko ◽  
Oksana Nikolayevna Eryomenko
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Seed Stock ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pure Cultures

A technology for pilot production of feed products via microbiological conversion of plant raw materials (mixed substrate of pine sawdust and vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke) by Plerotus ostreatus PO-4.1 and Pleurotus djamor PD-3.2 strains is developed. The technology includes hydrodynamic activation of substrate at the seed stock production stage. The overall technology includes three key stages: submerged fermentation of pure cultures of production strains; submerged-solid phase fermentation of hydrodynamicly activated plant raw materials for seed stock production; solid-state fermentation of mechanically ground plant substrate for feed products production. A successful approbation of submerged-solid state fermentation of production strains on media containing 3% of hydrodynamicly activated raw materials allowed for obtaining seed stock with 14.5 g/l yield of submerged mycelium biomass fully adopted for this type of substrate. Further use of this seed stock biomass at the solid state fermentation stage makes the overall process duration three times shorter compared to existing technologies for direct wood waste bioconversion. The pilot plant results show valuable practicability of plant raw material hydrodynamic activation with the purpose of enhancing its bioaccessibility with consequent increase in degree of microbiological conversion. The product of bioconversion contains 14–16% of protein, biofiber, vitamins and minerals and could be considered for successful use as feed by agricultural enterprises.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF THE FLAVONOIDS AND ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES AND LIQUID EX-TRACT OF CRATAEGUS SUBMOLLIS

2018 ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Владимир (Vladimir) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) Куркин (Kurkin) ◽  
Елена (Elena) Николаевна (Nikolayevna) Зайцева (Zaitseva) ◽  
Татьяна (Tat'yana) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Морозова (Morozova) ◽  
Ольга (Ol'ga) Евгеньевна (Evgen'evna) Правдивцева (Pravdivtseva) ◽  
Елена (Elena) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Авдеева (Avdeeva) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Optimum Extraction ◽  
Additional Point

Nowadays flowers and fruits of various types of hawthorn are widely used as cardiotonic drugs in Russian Federation. In our opinion a promising species for harvesting raw materials is Quebec hawthorn (Crataegus submollis Sarg., Rosaceae). Quebec hawthorn is successfully cultivated on the territory of the Russian Federation and is characterized by rapid growth and high yield in comparison with wild species. An additional point is that one of the possible types of raw materials are hawthorn leaves widely used abroad. Quebec hawthorn leaves contain flavonoids, among which there is a hyperoside. The maximum of the absorption curve of the extract solution of Quebec hawthorn leaves with an aluminum chloride solution of 412 nm. We have developed a quantification method for determination the total flavonoids in the Quebec hawthorn leaves calculated as hyperoside. It was established that the optimum extraction solvent for this raw material is 70% ethanol. The level of content and dynamics of accumulation of the total flavonoids in the Quebec hawthorn leaves during the growing season of 2017 was studied. The maximum content of total flavonoids in the Quebec hawthorn leaves (3.12 ± 0.05% calculated on hyperoside) is observed in May, during plant flowering. The liquid extract based on Quebec hawthorn leaves possesses moderate antidepressant activity. For this reason, leaves of Quebec hawthorn leaves are promising medicinal plant raw materials.

scholarly journals Medicinal flora of the Middle Urals – a prospective source of obtaining medicines

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Turyshev ◽  
V. D. Belonogova ◽  
A. A. Orlova ◽  
K. O. Sidorov ◽  
A. Yu. Skornyakova
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The State ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Medicinal Flora

Introduction. Medicinal plant raw materials are one of the most important sources of herbal remedies used both for the prevention and treatment of a number of diseases [1, 2]. Even with the development of modern science and chemistry, medicinal plant raw materials are widely used in both folk and official medicine. The advantage of medicinal plants is their wide range of biological activity, low toxicity and the possibility of long-term use without significant side effects. Human economic activity has a noticeable negative effect on the condition of wild-growing plants: their stocks are decreasing, and some species disappear altogether. Today, given the high level of development of industry and agriculture, the procurement of raw materials for wild medicinal plants is not always possible. Information on the quantitative assessment of the raw material base of wild medicinal plants in the Middle Urals, the content of biologically active substances in medicinal plant raw materials is partially outdated, which determines the need for their systemic resource study and chemical-pharmacognostic study.Aim. Comprehensive assessment of the state of populations of wild medicinal plants in the Middle Urals.Materials and methods. Determination of stocks of raw materials of the studied species of medicinal plants was carried out on specific thickets according to the generally accepted method. The authenticity of the raw materials was established by a macroscopic method when collecting raw material samples. In the course of the study, samples of medicinal plant materials of 5 types were prepared. The determination and assessment of the main indicators of the good quality of medicinal plant raw materials (the content of active and extractive substances, moisture in the mass upon drying, total ash and ash insoluble in a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid) was carried out according to the methods and requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV edition. In the raw materials Artemisiae absinthii herba and Leonuri herba, the amount of extractives was determined by the gravimetric method. The quantitative assessment of the content of essential oil in the samples of Origani vulgaris herba and Tanaceti vulgaris flores was carried out by the method of hydrodistillation. To determine the quantitative content of the sum of flavonoids in Hyperici herba, Artemisiae absinthii herba, Leonuri herba and the sum of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids in Tanaceti vulgaris flores, a spectrophotometric method was used.Results and discussion. In the course of resource and phytochemical studies of representatives of the medicinal flora of the Middle Urals, a comprehensive assessment of the state of populations of wild medicinal plants – sources of medicinal plant raw materials (Origani vulgaris herba, Hyperici herba, Tanaceti vulgaris flores, Artemisiae absinthii herba and Leonuri herba) was carried out. The results are included in the electronic inventory of wild medicinal plants of the Middle Urals.Conclusion. The conducted complex of studies will allow updating information about the medicinal flora of the Middle Urals in order to use raw materials for the creation of medicines.

scholarly journals QUALITY AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF FREEZED SEA BUCKTHORN POWDER

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
O. M. Burmistrova ◽  
E. A. Burmistrov ◽  
N. L. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Unique Trace

The use of phytopowders as food additives allows you to create highly nutritious mixtures with a pronounced taste and aroma of fresh fruits and berries. Fruit and berry powders are already used in the production of jelly, fruit drinks, drinks, juices and sauces based on domestic plant raw materials with a high proportion of biologically active substances. The most important phytonutrients of sea buckthorn fruits (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) are carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, sugars, organic and amino acids, tannins and pectin substances, phospholipids, macro- and microelements. The aim of the research was to study the quality and nutritional value of freezedried sea buckthorn powder. Sublimated sea buckthorn was the object of study (TU 10.39.25-007-0111115841-2018) manufactured by IP A.N. Mazurina (Russia, Kaluga region, Borovsky district, Borovsk). The quality of packaging and labeling, as well as organoleptic characteristics, nutritional value and mineral composition of raw materials have been studied. It was determined that the marking of sublimated sea buckthorn does not comply with the regulated requirements of GOST R 51074-2003 and TR CU 022/2011. Organoleptic characteristics of phytopowder are identified as characteristic of this type of raw material. The actual protein and fat content of the test material does not correspond to the levels stated by the manufacturer. The studied raw materials are distinguished by a variety of chemical composition, namely, the content of protein, carotenoids, vitamins E and A, lipids, dietary fiber, unique trace elements – Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Ti, Zn.

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