scholarly journals Nanotechnology in sport and security

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4s) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Adelina Miteva
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Unique Characteristic ◽  
Multifunctional Materials ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Potential Applications

Nanotechnologies are practically applicable in all important areas of industry and everyday life. Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field covering natural and engineering sciences (e.g. mathematics, chemistry, physics, biology, military sciences, etc.), as well as health sciences due to its versatility. This article provides a brief overview of some of the current and potential applications of nanotechnology in sport and sports security. Some examples of what is and what can be created with the help of nanotechnology in these areas are given, for example: unique characteristic sports equipment, sportswear and architecture; ultra-small computers, durable and multifunctional materials for use in clothing, shoes, etc. A critical discussion is presented. Possible future extensions of work in this area are considered.

Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Surgery: Introduction, General Principles, and Potential Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Mangano ◽  
Valentina Valle ◽  
Nicolas Dreifuss ◽  
Gabriela Aguiluz ◽  
Mario Masrur
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Surgical Setting

AI (Artificial intelligence) is an interdisciplinary field aimed at the development of algorithms to endow machines with the capability of executing cognitive tasks. The number of publications regarding AI and surgery has increased dramatically over the last two decades. This phenomenon can partly be explained by the exponential growth in computing power available to the largest AI training runs. AI can be classified into different sub-domains with extensive potential clinical applications in the surgical setting. AI will increasingly become a major component of clinical practice in surgery. The aim of the present Narrative Review is to give a general introduction and summarized overview of AI, as well as to present additional remarks on potential surgical applications and future perspectives in surgery.

scholarly journals Energy Densification of Biomass-Derived Furfurals to Furanic Biofuels by Catalytic Hydrogenation and Hydrodeoxygenation Reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-549
Author(s):  
Nivedha Vinod ◽  
Saikat Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Catalyst Design ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Donor ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Furanic Compounds

The concomitant hydrolysis and dehydration of biomass-derived cellulose and hemicellulose to furfural (FUR) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) under acid catalysis allows a dramatic reduction in the oxygen content of the parent sugar molecules with a 100% carbon economy. However, most applications of FUR or HMF necessitate synthetic modifications. Catalytic hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis have been recognized as efficient strategies for the selective deoxygenation and energy densification of biomass-derived furfurals generating water as the sole byproduct. Efficient and eco-friendly catalysts have been developed for the selective hydrogenation of furfurals affording renewable furanic compounds such as 2-methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran with potential applications as biofuel, solvent and chemical feedstock. Hydrogen gas or hydrogen donor molecules, required for the above processes, can also be renewably obtained from biomass using catalytic processes, enabling a circular economy. In this review, the recent developments in the energy densification of furfurals to furanic compounds of commercial significance are elaborated, emphasizing the role of catalyst and the reaction parameters employed. Critical discussion on sourcing hydrogen gas required for the processes, using hydrogen donor solvents, catalyst design and the potential markets of furanic intermediates have been made. Critical evaluations of the accomplishments and challenges in this field are also provided.

When Ubiquitous Computing Meets Experience Design

2011 ◽  
pp. 238-252
Author(s):  
Ingrid Mulder ◽  
Lucia Terrenghi
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Ubiquitous Computing ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Experience Design ◽  
Ubiquitous Technology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Adequate Research

In this chapter we provide an overview of the main implications of emerging ubiquitous computing scenarios with respect to the design and evaluation of the user experience. In doing that, we point out how these implications motivate the evolution of the human-computer interaction discipline towards a more interdisciplinary field of research requiring a holistic approach as well as new adequate research methods. We identify challenges for design and evaluation and consider different classes of methods to cope with these challenges. These challenges are illustrated with examples in which ubiquitous technology is used both for its design and for the study of the users’ everyday life. In our discussion we support the idea that ubiquitous technology provides new means for the study of human experiences as well as human deliberate engagement with technology; the latter as an alternative to automation and invisible technology.

scholarly journals Frankenstein; or, the modern Prometheus: a classic novel to stimulate the analysis of complex contemporary issues in biomedical sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Cambra-Badii ◽  
Elena Guardiola ◽  
Josep-E. Baños
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Health Sciences Students

Abstract Background Advances in biomedicine can substantially change human life. However, progress is not always followed by ethical reflection on its consequences or scientists’ responsibility for their creations. The humanities can help health sciences students learn to critically analyse these issues; in particular, literature can aid discussions about ethical principles in biomedical research. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein; or, the modern Prometheus (1818) is an example of a classic novel presenting complex scenarios that could be used to stimulate discussion. Main text Within the framework of the 200th anniversary of the novel, we searched PubMed to identify works that explore and discuss its value in teaching health sciences. Our search yielded 56 articles, but only two of these reported empirical findings. Our analysis of these articles identified three main approaches to using Frankenstein in teaching health sciences: discussing the relationship between literature and science, analysing ethical issues in biomedical research, and examining the importance of empathy and compassion in healthcare and research. After a critical discussion of the articles, we propose using Frankenstein as a teaching tool to prompt students to critically analyse ethical aspects of scientific and technological progress, the need for compassion and empathy in medical research, and scientists’ responsibility for their discoveries. Conclusion Frankenstein can help students reflect on the personal and social limits of science, the connection between curiosity and scientific progress, and scientists’ responsibilities. Its potential usefulness in teaching derives from the interconnectedness of science, ethics, and compassion. Frankenstein can be a useful tool for analysing bioethical issues related to scientific and technological advances, such as artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, and cloning. Empirical studies measuring learning outcomes are necessary to confirm the usefulness of this approach.

scholarly journals The Application of EMG-Based Methods in Evaluating the Impact of Prolonged Sitting on People’s Health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bochen Jia
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
The Impact

This chapter demonstrates a practical application of electromyography (EMG) technology in assessing the potential negative impacts of new trends (i.e., prolonged sitting) in life and work on people’s health. With the development of advanced technologies, prolonged sitting, have become more frequent at work and in everyday life. The potential risks associated with prolonged sitting can be assessed by evaluating localized muscle states using various EMG-based methods. However, due to the unique characteristics of prolonged sitting (i.e., sustained low-load condition), there are several challenges in applying traditional EMG methods to estimate the prolonged sitting related risks. Therefore, from the following aspects, this chapter discusses the potential applications and challenges of using surface EMG-based methods in identifying the effects of prolonged sitting: (1) what are the unique characteristics of the task conditions involved in prolonged sitting; (2) what are the available EMG-based methods; and (3) the advantage and disadvantage of each method in evaluating the impacts of prolonged sitting on people’s health;

When Ubiquitous Computing Meets Experience Design

2010 ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
Ingrid Mulder ◽  
Lucia Terrenghi
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Ubiquitous Computing ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Experience Design ◽  
Ubiquitous Technology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Adequate Research

In this chapter we provide an overview of the main implications of emerging ubiquitous computing scenarios with respect to the design and evaluation of the user experience. In doing that, we point out how these implications motivate the evolution of the human-computer interaction discipline towards a more interdisciplinary field of research requiring a holistic approach as well as new adequate research methods. We identify challenges for design and evaluation and consider different classes of methods to cope with these challenges. These challenges are illustrated with examples in which ubiquitous technology is used both for its design and for the study of the users’ everyday life. In our discussion we support the idea that ubiquitous technology provides new means for the study of human experiences as well as human deliberate engagement with technology; the latter as an alternative to automation and invisible technology.

Biomimetics and the Evolution of Robotics and Intelligent Systems

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Maki K. Habib ◽  
Fusaomi Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Design Ideas ◽  
Scientific Ideas

Biologically inspired systems, known as “biomimetics” or the “mimicry of nature,” is an interdisciplinary scientific research field inspired by nature and featured by the technology outcome (hardware and software) and lies at the interface of biology, physics, chemistry, information, and engineering sciences. Biomimetics is initiated by making nature a model of inspiration that would immensely help conscious abstraction of new innovative principles and creative design ideas and concepts that help developing new techniques and functionalities, seeking new paradigms and methods, designing new materials, and developing new streams of intelligent machines, robots, systems, devices, algorithms, etc. Biologically inspired approaches create a new reality with great development and application potential with the goal of identifying specific desirable qualities and attributes in biological systems and using them in the design of new products and systems. This chapter provides the importance of biomimetic as an interdisciplinary field and its evolution, advances, challenges, and constraints along with the associated enabling technologies supporting its growth. In addition, it introduces scientific ideas and directions of research activities in the field. The chapter also presents key developments in the field of biomimetic robots and underlines the challenges facing it.

scholarly journals Cell Nanomechanics Based on Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Device

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichao Li ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Sisi Fan ◽  
Jiang Zou ◽  
Guoying Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Response ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Dynamic Imaging ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer Actuators ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Research Prospect ◽  
Extracellular Microenvironment ◽  
Cellular Mechanobiology

Abstract As a frontier of biology, mechanobiology plays an important role in tissue and biomedical engineering. It is a common sense that mechanical cues under extracellular microenvironment affect a lot in regulating the behaviors of cells such as proliferation and gene expression, etc. In such an interdisciplinary field, engineering methods like the pneumatic and motor-driven devices have been employed for years. Nevertheless, such techniques usually rely on complex structures, which cost much but not so easy to control. Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are well known as a kind of soft actuation technology, and their research prospect in biomechanical field is gradually concerned due to their properties just like large deformation (> 100%) and fast response (< 1 ms). In addition, DEAs are usually optically transparent and can be fabricated into small volume, which make them easy to cooperate with regular microscope to realize real-time dynamic imaging of cells. This paper first reviews the basic components, principle, and evaluation of DEAs and then overview some corresponding applications of DEAs for cellular mechanobiology research. We also provide a comparison between DEA-based bioreactors and current custom-built devices and share some opinions about their potential applications in the future according to widely reported results via other methods.

scholarly journals Feminism and the sociology of everyday life

2003 ◽  
pp. 151-169
Author(s):  
Ivana Spasic
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Feminist Thought ◽  
Dorothy Smith

This paper examines the influences of feminist thought on sociological theory and research, refracted through the conceptualization of the sphere of everyday life. It is argued that there are important theoretical affinities between feminism and the sociology of everyday life, as it has developed since mid-20th century. Main feminist contributions to sociological study of everyday life are identified at two levels: substantive (the study of formerly neglected social phenomena, particularly the private sphere), and epistemological (the questioning of positivistic ideals of objective and neutral social science). The position of the feminist theorist Dorothy Smith is selected for a more detailed critical discussion. In the concluding part of the paper some controversial points in the feminist concept of the sociology of everyday life are indicated.

Cross-Reality Technologies in Archaeometry Bridge Humanities With “Hard Science”

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-170
Author(s):  
Evgenia Paxinou ◽  
Chairi Kiourt ◽  
Athanasios Sypsas ◽  
Vasilis Zafeiropoulos ◽  
Argyro Sgourou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Hard Science ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Ict Tools

As an integral part of archaeology, archaeometry, employs standard laboratory techniques and ICT tools to examine and analyze art and archaeological materials. Most students involved with cultural heritage and Αrchaeology have a background in the arts or humanities and a minimal, if any, training in the principles and techniques of most natural and engineering sciences. Consequently, when choosing to be enrolled in an archaeometry course, an interdisciplinary field which also requires some background in applied sciences, cross reality labs can be the bridge between archaeology and its sub-disciplines, and “hard science.” In this chapter, the authors focus on the use of virtual environments in the digital cultural heritage field, as well as on applications of cross reality laboratories in archaeometry. Finally, they present some evidence in favor of the simulations, pointing out that VR, AR, and MR labs could train, safely and efficiently, pre-service archaeometrists in the use of specialized laboratory apparatuses and help them take advantage of the full spectrum of modern laboratory tools.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document