scholarly journals Giving COVID-19 vaccines to citizens

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardjana Orba Manullang

This paper aims to understand the legal basis for administering the COVID vaccine to Indonesian citizens. In order to complete this understanding, we have collected data on the evidence of the study of publications from several journals that have a high level of investment in the discussion on the legal point of giving vaccines to the public and many journals that raise the issues of this COVID outbreak. So, after we collect the data, we continue with a study involving the coding system, evaluate the data carefully, and then try to interpret it as much as possible to get answers that we consider validity and reliability in answering this legal study issue. After we reviewed our data and continued our discussion, we finally found that the state has a legal umbrella in implementing the COVID-19 vaccination program for all Indonesian citizens with so many legal foundations, so at this moment, the results of our study will be helpful in the development of legal studies discussions and problems with the rising COVID vaccination program in Indonesia future.

Author(s):  
Nikolaos Vettas

Education affects the Greek economy in two main ways. Expenditure for education services is a significant part of national income, hence, a better design of the education system directly contributes to overall higher efficiency and welfare. Education also contributes toward building 'human capital', a high level of which is a condition for competitiveness without a need to resort to lower wages. Public spending for education tends to be lower than the EU average, however households tend to privately spend significant amounts, especially due to the high value they assign to university education. Overall, the Greek education system is significantly underachieving its potential and its overall performance is mediocre. Lack of appropriate incentives appears to be the cause for many of the failures, as neither education units nor individuals are seriously evaluated and systematically rewarded for their progress. The State exercises excessive control over the entire system, making it too inflexible, formalistic and averse to change and adaptation to new conditions. Before the crisis, and as long as a relatively high number of graduates could find employment in sectors of the economy not exposed to competition (including the public sector), and as long as the State budget could contribute the funds that kept the system functioning, there were no incentives for reform. Education has been hit hard during the crisis: funding has decreased significantly, the institutions and rules have not improved and many high quality people have migrated abroad. However, as public finances and household savings will remain under pressure for the foreseeable future, the reform of the education system in Greece becomes an urgent priority and an important condition for growth.


Temida ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-294
Author(s):  
Natasa Mrvic-Petrovic ◽  
Zdravko Petrovic

Two models of victim compensation: through civil litigation and through administrative public funds are explored in this article in order to compare their effectiveness. Two legislations are compared: Serbian and Israel. A special legal basis for compensation from the State is foreseen in Serbian legislation. A natural person may claim compensation for the complete damage caused, in case of death, bodily injury or destruction of property. However, such claims are rarely charged. In Israel, limited amounts are paid from the public funds to victims of hostile actions in case of death, bodily injury or property damage. Israel also compensates companies for material damages on the property that is located in areas with a high risk from terrorism. This solution is considered to be more efficient, because it protects victims? interests more effectively.


2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-80
Author(s):  
А. М. Чорна

The author of the article, based on the analysis of scientific views of scholars and current legislation of Ukraine, elaborates the ways to improve administrative and legal mechanism for ensuring the rights of business entities in the field of taxation. It is substantiated that the objective prerequisites for improving administrative and legal mechanism for ensuring the rights of business entities in the field of taxation are: 1) low level of trust of entrepreneurs in the tax service; 2) high level of corruption in the agencies of the State Tax Service; 3) imperfect mechanism of legal regulation of tax advice; 4) low level of quality and efficiency of functioning of administrative and legal mechanism of ensuring the rights and lawful interests of business entities as taxpayers, etc. It was stated that the first step towards improving administrative and legal mechanism for ensuring the rights of business entities in the field of taxation should be the improvement of the relevant administrative legislation. The expediency of improving the organizational structure of the State Tax Service is substantiated. Emphasis was placed on the need to improve the interaction of the State Tax Service with other public authorities and the public on ensuring the rights of business entities in the field of taxation. It is noted that the deep and constructive interaction of the State Tax Service of Ukraine with other public authorities and the public is undoubtedly an important guarantee of high quality and efficiency for ensuring the rights of business entities.


Author(s):  
Konstantin Ishekov ◽  
Konstantin Cherkasov ◽  
Yulia Malevanova

Current anti-corruption legislation is characterized by a lack of concentration and unity of legislative acts that regulate the work of public authorities and administration at the federal and inter-regional levels. The Federal Law «On Counteracting Corruption» has a framework nature and does not meet all the challenges of preventing and counteracting corruption that the Russian state now faces. Thus, the relevance of this study is obvious. The goal of the authors is to determine the key trends and means of systematizing legislation that regulates the anti-corruption activities of the state. Having analyzed a vast massive of normative legal acts on counteracting corruption at the federal and inter-regional levels as well as international experience, the authors conclude that it is necessary to amend the Federal Law «On Counteracting Corruption» by, among other things, systematizing the norms that regulate the corresponding sphere of state activities. The authors express their confidence that the effectiveness of legislation on counteracting corruption could considerably improve with the «package» principle of streamlining legislation and the introduction of a basic normative legal act — the Law on Counteracting Corruption, then changing the acts that are not in line with it and developing other normative documents to specify it. The use of a systemic approach to counteracting corruption also requires the revision and improvement of some clauses of the National Strategy of Counteracting Corruption which should incorporate the analysis of the situation with the anti-corruption policy of the state, the assessment of the effectiveness of the existing system, monitoring and audit, as well as the instruments of the anti-corruption policy. The paper also presents the authors’ position on the development and upgrading of the legal basis of organizing the public authorities and administrations at the central and inter-regional levels that regulates the specification and optimization of determining and delimiting jurisdictions in the sphere of counteracting corruption. The authors conclude that at present it is not advisable to organize a separate special corruption counteraction body in Russia because the conditions necessary for its establishment are lacking.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
S. О. Nishchymna ◽  

The article analyzes the approaches to the civil service organization in Ukraine and examines the regulations of the civil service establishment since independence time. The attention is payed to the regulatory uncertainty of the separation of civil and public service in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the legal basis of the civil service in Ukraine is determined by the Law of Ukraine “On Civil Service”, which was adopted in 2015. The first such laws were adopted in 1993 and 2011. The Law of Ukraine “On Civil Service” of 1993 for the first time established a special legal status of civil servants – persons authorized to perform state functions. The Civil Service recognized the professional activity of persons holding positions in state bodies and their staff for the practical performance of tasks and functions of the state, receiving salaries at the expense of state funds. The Main Department of the Civil Service under the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine was designated as the civil service government body in the state bodies. At that time, the procedure for serving in local self-government bodies was not legally regulated in Ukraine, which hampered the establishment of the public service institution in Ukraine. With the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine, there was a division of public service into civil service and service in local self-governments. The Laws of Ukraine “On Local Self-Government in Ukraine” and “On Service in Local Self-Government Bodies” became an additional basis for distinguishing types of public service. In 2011, a new Law of Ukraine “On Civil Service” was adopted, which provided for changes in the legal regulation of the civil service in Ukraine. Civil service was recognized as a professional activity of civil servants in preparing proposals for the civil policy formation, ensuring its implementation and provision of administrative services, ie the categories of political positions and positions of civil servants were distinguished. The current legislation defines the role of the civil service and its features, as well as the conditions of service in local governments, which is actually the basis for the public service system formation in Ukraine. Key words: civil service, public service, service in local self-government bodies.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Daniel Szybowski

The aim of the article is to present a problem concerning the effects of the public debt and the budget deficit. The public debt is a result of the lack of adequate income earned by the financial sector, what means that it must incur liabilities to be able to carry out its tasks or improper management of the state budget funds - what results in the budget deficit. The size of the state's debt and the public debt has a very large impact on the socio-economic situa-tion of the country as well as on its financial policy. Due to the high indebtedness of the state, the whole economy is disturbed, the state authorities are not able to allocate an adequate amount of the funds to stimulate invest-ments. Such actions slow down the dynamics of economic development, what means that the state authorities most often look for savings. Unfortunately, this usually happens at the expense of the ordinary(?) citizens. Countries that have a high level of the debts tend to lose their credibility internationally. This may result in the fall in the foreign investments and the outflow of the foreign capital.


Author(s):  
Sergii Boltivets ◽  
Olena Halushko

The main result of the study is a systematic analysis of the peculiarities of legal and political institutionalization of public associations in Ukraine, ways of increasing the effectiveness of regulation of the activities of public associations in Ukraine by means of institutional support, institutional capacity of which is the result of their interaction with the state. This is manifested in the ability of public associations to perform their functions in providing social services in areas that are legally and normatively defined by the state. The evaluation of the effectiveness of relations between civil society actors, the form of institutional support for the activities of associations of children and young people on a public-legal basis, necessary for the effective use of the potential of different types of public associations, as well as optimal ways to increase the effectiveness of institutional support for public associations in implemented youth and social projects. The institutionalization of the process of interaction of public authorities with public organizations and their associations is highlighted in the context of consolidation of the organizational and legal rules of their relations, the conditions of their partnership cooperation in various spheres of socio-political and socio-economic life of the country. Institutionalization is revealed as the legitimization of the foundations of the interaction of these institutions, that is, the recognition of their interaction is legitimate and expedient for the majority of the population, whose interests are the institutions of civil society. The forms of institutional support for the activities of associations of children and youth are presented, which directly determine institutional support instruments, which can be either direct or indirect. The presented results of the conducted research testify to the necessity of further development of civil society on the basis of cooperation between state authorities and the public. An indispensable condition for such interaction is the formation of an appropriate mechanism of public administration, in which a system of social and legal norms, methods for defining purposes and a legal basis for the management process in this direction are identified. The prospects for further research in this direction are envisaged, which include the development of proposals for improving the structure of state bodies - elements of the system for ensuring interaction between authorities and the public, improving the coordination of their activities. Keywords: institutional support, youth policy, public associations, public administration, partnership cooperation.


Author(s):  
Nur Shabrina Sinulingga

The Criminal Code (KUHP) which is currently in force in Indonesia is a legacy that is still inherited from the Netherlands, so some of the contents of the Article are still incompatible with the culture that developed in Indonesia. One example of the definition of adultery in the Criminal Code is a marital relationship which is committed by a party that one or both are still bound in marriage. Of course this is very contrary to the culture that exists in Indonesia with a majority Muslim population. Indonesian legal experts have drafted the new Criminal Code since 50 (fifty) years ago, then after waiting all the time, finally in 2019, there is a strong discourse that the DPR (House of Representatives) will ratify the new Criminal Code. One of the revised articles in the RKUHP (draft of the Criminal Code) is this adultery article. However, this Article is one that is also a matter of controversy and much opposition.The old KUHP rules especially those relating to adultery are not in accordance with the culture that exists in Indonesia, so that frequently the act of adultery that actually disturbs the public cannot be tried as expected, but in the current development there are also many parties who consider the notion of adultery in the new KUHP too in entering into the private affairs of the Indonesian people they assume the State should not enter into a very private section.The legal basis that can be done is a legal basis that is in accordance with that contained in the Criminal  Code Keywords: Criminal Code, Adultery 


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Aleksey S. Titov ◽  

The article is devoted to the review of legal problems related to the mechanism of administration of state institutions. The article examines the issues related to the civil status of state-owned institutions, as well as the issues of budgetary and legal regulation of the activities of state-owned institutions. The paper considers the legal basis for the use of budgetary funds by state institutions, the grounds and limits of civil and budgetary liability. Separately, the functions of state-owned institutions, the implementation of which is provided by the state, are highlighted.


2021 ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Olga KYRYLENKO ◽  
Olena ZHADAN

Introduction. Reforming in the public finance system aims to raise public access to budget information. The high level of corruption and large amounts of funds in the disposal of authorities, require that budget expenditures under the supervision of society. The overwhelming part of budget funds is spent through the procurement of goods, works and services. Procurement must be reasonable and transparent, which reduces the risks of non-targeting and inefficient spending of budget funds. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of transparency of budget funds through the procurement of goods and services products, provide proposals for increasing the validity of expenditures. Results. It is proved that most of the expenditures are carried out through the purchase of goods, works and services. The analysis of types of procurement according to the criteria of competition and transparency has been carried out. The quantitative and cost structure of the types of procurement is analyzed and determined which proportion of procurement is published with justification. The data shows that indicate the imperfection of the form of substantiation of procurement and inadequate transparency of data on the validity of budget expenditures. Conclusions. The deficiencies in the reasonablement of procurement of goods, works and services for budget funds are determined and the directions of transparency increases by expanding information should be included in the procurement substantiation. The types of procurement that occupy a predominant part in quantitative and value terms are revealed. The disadvantages in the order of placement of procurement, which negatively affects the transparency of information are determined. It is proposed to supplement the content of the procurement substantiation in part of the explanation of prices and factors that affect the timeliness of procurement, as well as to introduce placement in the electronic procurement system to justify all types of procurement, regardless of their value. The proposed will promote the openness of budget information, the validity of expenditures and enhancement of responsibility of funds for their use.


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