Application of AHP and Geospatial Techniques for Evaluating Gully Erosion Vulnerability in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Deborah Alaigba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pairwise Comparison Matrix ◽  
Geospatial Techniques ◽  
Benin City ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control

Gully erosion remains a major threat to the people of Benin City. This study applies Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and geospatial techniques to evaluate vulnerability to gully erosion in Benin City, Nigeria. Five essential criteria were identified based on literature, and evaluation by experts. Pairwise Comparison Matrix (PCM) was obtained and weights for each of the PCM were determined using AHP. The consistency of generated weights obtained is not above 0.07. The method resulted in a gully erosion vulnerability model. Analysis of the model revealed that 52.1% (488.69Km2) of the area is vulnerable to gully erosion, while 3.4% (32.37 Km2) was found to be highly vulnerable to gully erosion. Fieldwork was conducted to establish the people’s perception and identify the causes and control measures for the gully erosion problem in the area. Findings on the major contributing factor that leads to the gully erosion formation showed that lack of drainage system accounts for 56.25%, improper land use practice account for 25%, and bad road construction (18.75%). About 50% of the respondents are of the view that an adequate drainage system would go a long way to mitigate the gully erosion. This present study has provided information on the state of gully erosion vulnerability in Benin City through mapping of vulnerable areas.

Indices of Land Degradation and Control Measures in Selected Urban Communities of Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
O. A. Lawal-Adebowle ◽  
A. K. Aromolaran
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
And Control ◽  
Observational Techniques

The study assessed the causal factors of land degradation in urban areas of Abeokuta and the employed control measures by residents of the communities. A qualitative approach, which encompasses observational techniques – participant/field observation, interactive discussion and photographic capturing, was used for collection of data on land degradation in the study area. Analysis of collected data showed land gradients, rainfall and run-offs, erosion, entrenched foot paths, sand scraping/mining, poor/absence of drainage system and land covers as causal factors of land degradation in the study area. The study though observed that control measures such as filling of drenches with sand bags, wood logs, bricks and stones were employed by residents in the study area, construction of good drainage system was presumed to be the most appropriate and sustainable control measure of water erosion in the study area.

scholarly journals Knowledge and awareness about airborne pathogens and its prevention among the general public

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Ashritha M ◽  
Geetha R V ◽  
Jayalakshmi Somasundaram
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The People ◽  
Airborne Disease ◽  
Protection And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

The airborne disease is mainly caused by the pathogens, which spread through respiratory droplets while coughing, sneezing or talking. Infection protection and control measures are taken to prevent the possible spread of , which also spreads through respiratory droplets. Discharged microbes are suspended in the air as dust particles and even in the form of droplets. The Middle East respiratory syndrome is caused by wherein the health workers are at a higher risk. Hence, awareness must be created in order to reduce a number of cases. The preventive measures are mainly taken in health care as patients are susceptible to diseases. It is essential for all the people to become aware and take steps according. The survey was distributed online to around 100 participants of various places of Tamil regarding the awareness of airborne pathogens. From this above study, it could be noticed that around 85% of the people are aware of the airborne pathogen whereas 15% of the people are not aware of. 64% of people have a good knowledge of the symptoms of any type of airborne disease. the protective measures that must be taken, about 65% of the people are conscious of doing it. The study concludes that there is awareness of airborne pathogens and its prevention among the general public.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the compliance of people with the containment measures and wearing-mask behaviours in different stages of COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study from Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Erhan KAYA ◽  
Hüseyin ÜÇER
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The People ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Chisquare Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
And Control

Introduction. Protection measurements should be paid attention so that the regions affected to a great extent gain time for medical care and medical facilities can cope with increasing intensive care cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in the rate of behaviours of people related to going out and wearing a mask during the pandemic in Turkey. Material and methods. This observational study investigated people’s behaviours of going out and mask-wearing in the province of Kahramanmaras in Turkey during 4 different periods with 14-day intervals before and after Covid-19 pandemic. A total of 48 hours camera record made in 4 different periods at 12 pedestrian crossings used intensively by people was examined. Two researchers recorded and examined the number and gender of the people using these pedestrian crossings and their wearing-mask behaviours on a data collection form. The obtained data were presented as tables and graphics, showing numbers and percentages. Appropriate mask-wearing according to gender was analysed by ChiSquare test. Results. The number of people using pedestrian crossings decreased by 70.19% for men and 87.07% for women compared to before the pandemic. When comparing the appropriate mask-wearing according to gender, it was concluded that women had a higher statistically significant rate on the appropriate mask-wearing compared to men (p<0.05).Conclusions. Compliance to mask-wearing and control measures was high at the beginning of the pandemic. A high percentage of women wore masks correctly. About 40 days after the pandemic started, people wore the mask less correctly.

Gully Morphology and Gully Erosion Control in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 656-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Ehiorobo ◽  
O.R. Ogirigbo
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Data Control ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Bank Stabilization ◽  
And Control

Gully erosion is a highly visible form of soil erosion that results in large volume of soil and sediment transport. Gully processes have a three dimensional nature that are affected by a wide array of factors and processes which include topography, soils, land use and climatic events. In this study the four major Gully erosion sites in Calabar including Ikot Efangha Mkpa, Bebobsco, Inyang Ansa (Atimbo) and Winners, present case studies scenarios. Morphological parameters of the gullies including length, width, depth, slope, area e.t.c were determined from GPS and Total Station Surveys. Meteorological data were obtained from meteorological station in Calabar while soil characteristics for the study areas were obtained from soil samples collected from the site and analysed in the laboratory. The effects of these on the rate of soil loss and gullying were determined.Using hydrological, hydraulics and structural analysis along with the acquired data, control measures were proposed for the gully sites. These included the design of drop structures to control the runoff from the gully heads and prevent further under cutting of the heads. The use of Vertiver grass for bank stabilization and catchment areas protection was proposed. The results of the studies and control measures proposed can be adopted for planning for gully remediation and control in other similar situations.

scholarly journals Contributions to reduce the flood problems in critical points of the micro drainage system in the city of Carazinho

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Carolina Pasquetti Koppe ◽  
Vinícius Scortegagna ◽  
Virgínia Meneguzzi ◽  
Anelise Sertoli Lopes Gil ◽  
Matheus De Conto Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

With the emergence of excessive flooding in the urban environment, the need for unconventional drainage control measures within the limitations of conventional solutions becomes evident. In the present study, infiltration trenches and reservoirs that collect and reserve rainwater were designed as control devices, attenuating the socio-environmental impacts caused by waterproofing of urban areas in the hydrological cycle and in the behavior of the hydrographic basins in question. The measurements were made for two flooding points found in the city of Carazinho – RS, located on Marquês do Pombal Street and São Bento Avenue, due to the obstruction of gutters and street inlets, paving and waterproofing of the ground due to urbanization, lack of maintenance and cleaning of the micro drainage system along with the inability of the system to collect all the volume of water from the runoff. The reductions in flow rate in these areas through the use of trenches were 16% and 15% for the first and second flooding point, respectively, while the use of the delay reservoirs together with the infiltration trenches resulted in a 29% reduction in the first flooding point and 27.5% in the second flooding point. Therefore, it is evident that the use of unconventional control measures is vital to the reduction of the peaks of the flow rate and control of the surface runoff.

Discussion on Noise Pollution and its Control Measures

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 6128-6131
Author(s):  
An Wang ◽  
Xiang Qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The People ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

From physiology perspective, always disturb people to rest, the sound that learn and works, namely do not need to voice, all are considered noise. When noise to the people and the surrounding environment adverse effects, the formation of the noise pollution. This paper analyzes the harms and the effects on people, and puts forward prevention and control measures.

Observations on the Biology and Control of Pest Trichoptera at Fort Erie, Ontario

1952 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Medical Aspect ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Control ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Scale Composition ◽  
St Lawrence River

The community of Fort Erie, Ontario, and the waterfront zone of Buffalo, New York, form one of the many areas in the St. Lawrence River drainage system that are annually infested by large numbers of adult Trichoptera and, to a lesser degree, Ephemerida. Betten (1934) reported on a field study, conducted in 1906, of the Trichoptera found at Buffalo, N.Y. He noted the prevalent species and the extent of the problem chat the insects create for the local inhabitants. The medical aspect was investigated by Parlato (1929, 1930, 1932) and Osgood (1934). In August, 1950, an investigation of the scale, composition, and source of the trichopteran infestation and possible control measures was initiated at Fort Erie, Ontario.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Risk Management and Screening in the Penitentiary Facilities of the Salerno Province in Southern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8033
Author(s):  
Antonio Maria Pagano ◽  
Aniello Maiese ◽  
Carmine Izzo ◽  
Adamo Maiese ◽  
Marcello Ametrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control

(1) Background: The emergency linked to the spread of COVID-19 in Italy has led to inevitable consequences on the penitentiary system. The risks of this emergency in prisons is mainly related to the problem of persistent overcrowding that makes social distancing difficult and the isolation of any contagion hard to arrange. The Department of Protection for Adults and Minors of the ASL Salerno Criminal Area has taken steps in order to perform screening operations and minimize the risks for prisoners and operators. (2) Methods: We conducted a two-phase observational study. In the first phase, we offered and then executed serum COVID-19 screening to all the convicted inmates. For those who had a doubtful or positive result, a swab was executed in the shortest time possible. In the second phase, a pharyngeal swab was offered and executed to all the police officers, the penitentiary administrative staff and the medical personnel working in the prison. (3) Results: In the first phase, we executed 485 COVID-19 blood tests on prisoners, 3 (0.61%) of which were positive. The three positive inmates underwent nasopharyngeal swabbing, which ultimately were negative. After that, we executed 276 nasopharyngeal swabs on the prison personnel, penitentiary administrative staff and medical personnel—all were negative. (4) Conclusion: All tests (blood tests and swabs) that were carried out on the prisoners and on the staff were negative for COVID-19. We believe that all prisons in Italy and in the world should take action to ensure preventive and control measures in order to safeguard the health of the prison population and of all the people who work there.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Knowledge of Poultry Farmers and Live Poultry Sellers to Preventive and Control Measures on Bird Flu, Benin City, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
V. Y. Adam ◽  
A. M. Qasim ◽  
M. O. Kazeem
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bird Flu ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Live Poultry ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
And Control

Investigated was the knowledge of preventive measures of avian influenza from farmers, live chicken sellers, and poultry veterinarian in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study using standardized questionnaire was conducted. Respondents included 236 poultry farmers, live chicken sellers (LCS), and veterinarian aged 12–70 years in contact with birds through husbandry. The study duration was from October 2010 to May 2011. Participants knowledge on transmission sources showed low understanding with highest being from bird-bird (57.3%). The medium most commonly utilized was electronic media (82.5%) as information source. Respondents thought that vaccination of birds (80.6%) would prevent infection. Farmers’ education on bird flu needs to be improved through veterinary public health and health promotion approach. Nonpharmaceutical preventive measures such as hand washing freely and avoidance of eye, nose, and mouth touching must be improved.

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