Extraction and Purification of Secondary Metabolites of Paris polyphylla (Smith) Using Column Chromatography.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Arcadius Puwein ◽  
Shiny C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Paris Polyphylla ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Paris polyphylla Smith is an erect and herbaceous plant. It has rich chemical constituents such steroidal saponins, phytosterols, flavonoids, and alkaloids that possess antimicrobial and anticancer activities. In the current investigation, we examined the effect of different solvents in the extraction yield and further purification via column chromatography. The ground powdered rhizomes of P. polyphylla was extracted with 100% hexane, 100% ethyl acetate, 70% ethanol, and 70% methanol. The extracts were filtered, evaporated using a rotary evaporator, concentrated, and measured. Subsequently, the solvent with high extraction yield was further purified using column chromatography. Ethanol produced the highest extraction yield as compared to the other solvents. About 30 fractions were eluted which was pooled into four fractions based on the Rf values and bands observed through thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis.

scholarly journals High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Fingerprinting Analysis of Piper betle L. Leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Ramdas N. Kale ◽  
Ravindra Y. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Introduction: Many modern medicines used today based on plants and plant products. Piper betle is generally known as the betle vine, it is an important medicinal and recreational plant. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is an advanced powerful analytical method with more separation power, high performance and superior reproducibility than classic thin layer chromatography (TLC). A chromatographic fingerprint of a plant extract is a chromatographic pattern of some common chemical constituents of pharmacologically active and/or chemical characteristics. Chromatographic fingerprints are useful in authentication and identification of plant. Objectives:  Objectives of present research was to establish HPTLC fingerprinting of methanolic extract of Piper betle L. leaves. Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract of Piper betle leaves was prepared using soxhlet apparatus. HPTLC studies were performed using a CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with automatic TLC sampler-4 (ATS 4), TLC scanner 4, and vision CATS 3.0 software. Results: The study revealed the presence of alkaloids with Rf value 0.65, flavonoids with Rf values 0.19, 0.29, 0.72, 0.95., and phenolic compound with Rf value 0.7. Conclusion: The HPTLC fingerprinting profile developed for the methanolic extract of Piper betle L. leaves will help in proper identification of the plant.Piper betle

Analysis of Dairy Products for Chlorinated Insecticide Residues by Thin Layer Chromatography

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-800
Author(s):  
William A Moats
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Tlc Plates ◽  
One Step ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract Butterfat and milk samples were analyzed for chlorinated insecticides by thin layer chromatography (TLC) on aluminum oxide or silica gel plates containing a small amount of silver nitrate. The adsorbent was washed with distilled water before preparing the plates. A one-step cleanup on a partially inactivated Florisil column was performed prior to TLC analysis. For color development, the TLC plates were sprayed lightly with hydrogen peroxide to suppress possible interference from fat and then steamed before exposure to ultraviolet light to accelerate and intensify the color reaction. Rf values for a number of solvent systems on aluminum oxide and silica gel plates are given. With this procedure, 0.05 μg or less of insecticide can be detected in a 0.4 g butterfat sample or the extract from 10 ml milk.

Comparison of Different Soil Leaching Techniques with Four Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu-Huang Wu ◽  
P. W. Santelmann
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Thin Layer Method ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Herbicide Mobility

Herbicide mobility in soils was compared by three laboratory methods. The Rf values calculated from soil thin-layer chromatography correlated closely with those obtained from soil thick-layer chromatography (r = 0.96). Herbicides leached slightly further in slotted column chromatography as compared with the other methods. The working hours required to conduct a study with each method were in the increasing order of thin-layer, thick-layer, and column chromatography. However, the thin-layer method required the longest waiting times, followed by the column and thick-layer chromatography. If radioactive herbicides are not available or obtainable, the thick-layer chromatography is simplest and quickest. The relative mobility of herbicides studied was fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] > napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] > terbutryn [2-(tert-butyl-amino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] > trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine). Less herbicide mobility was observed in heavier soil than in sandy soil.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaber El-Saber Batiha ◽  
Amany Magdy Beshbishy ◽  
Lamiaa G. Wasef ◽  
Yaser H. A. Elewa ◽  
Ahmed A. Al-Sagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Traditional Remedy

Medicinal plants have been used from ancient times for human healthcare as in the form of traditional medicines, spices, and other food components. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an aromatic herbaceous plant that is consumed worldwide as food and traditional remedy for various diseases. It has been reported to possess several biological properties including anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, renoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antihypertensive activities in traditional medicines. A. sativum is rich in several sulfur-containing phytoconstituents such as alliin, allicin, ajoenes, vinyldithiins, and flavonoids such as quercetin. Extracts and isolated compounds of A. sativum have been evaluated for various biological activities including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities among others. This review examines the phytochemical composition, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacological activities of A. sativum extracts as well as its main active constituent, allicin.

scholarly journals Etude Phytochimique Des Écorces De Racines Et Des Feuilles De Securidaca longipedunculata (Fresen), Polygalaceae Au Mali

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (29) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Dembele Daouda L ◽  
Haidara Mahamane ◽  
Denou Adama ◽  
Sanogo Rokia
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
African Traditional Medicine ◽  
Couche Mince ◽  
Utilisations Traditionnelles ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Securidaca longipedunculata est une plante largement utilisée en Médecine Traditionnelle Africaine. L’objectif de ce travail est de caractériser les constituants chimiques et anti-radicalaires des feuilles et des écorces de racines de la plante. Les échantillons ont été récoltés et contrôlés, des extraits ont été préparés et les rendements déterminés, les constituants ont été caractérisés par des réactions colorées et de précipitation et par la chromatographie sur couche mince. Les caractères macroscopiques des organes sont entre autres : lisse, épaisse et jaune clair, tortueuse, rugueuse avec une odeur caractéristique pour l’écorce et la racine ; alternes, entières, simples, oblongues-elliptiques, sommet arrondi avec un pétiole mince pour les feuilles. La poudre des échantillons est de couleur blanche sale, d’odeur forte repoussante et de saveur piquante pour les écorces de racines ; couleur verdâtre, odeur faible non repoussante et de saveur légèrement piquante pour les feuilles. Le meilleur rendement de l’extraction est 33,24% pour le décocté 20% des écorces de racines et 36,37% pour l’extrait hydroalcoolique de feuilles. Les constituants chimiques communs aux deux organes sont les composés triterpéniques et les coumarines ; plus particulièrement les flavonoïdes, tanins et les alcaloïdes sont les constituants majoritaires des feuilles. En plus les mucilages, oses et holosides sont modérément présents dans les deux organes. La richesse des échantillons des deux organes en ses constituants peut justifier certaines utilisations traditionnelles de la plante. Securidaca longipedunculata is a plant widely used in African Traditional Medicine. The objective of this work was to characterize the chemical constituents of the leaves and root bark of the plant. Samples were collected and checked, extracts were prepared and the yield were determined. The chemical and anti-free radical constituents were characterized by color and precipitation reactions and by thin layer chromatography. The macroscopic characters of the organs are, among others: smooth, thick and light yellow, twisted, rough with a characteristic odor to the root bark; alternate, entire, simple, oblong-elliptical, rounded top and a thin petiole for the leaves. The powder of the samples is dirty white, with a strong repulsive odor and pungent flavor for the root bark; greenish color, faint non-repulsive odor and slightly pungent flavor for the leaves. The best extraction yield was 33.24% for the aqueous extract 20% of the root bark and 36.37% for the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves. The chemical constituents common to both organs are triterpene compounds and coumarins; while flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids are the major constituents of the leaves. In addition, mucilages, oses and holosides are moderately present in both organs. Samples from both organs were found to be rich in anti-free radical constituents. The richness of organ samples in these constituents may justify certain traditional uses of the plant.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Isolation and Characterization of Lecithin from Gallus gallus and Gallus gallus Domesticus Using Analytical Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
S. F. Choragudi ◽  
N. Sibin ◽  
M. Keerthi Padma Sree ◽  
Gulam Saleem ◽  
K. Prashanth Babu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The present study mainly focuses on the extraction and purification of lecithin from both Gallus gallus and Gallus gallus domesticus. The comparative study shows a great significance in the amount and quality of lecithin extracted from both the sources. The egg lecithin was standardized by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. TLC analysis was done and calculated for both standard and the samples. It was found to be the same for the test sample and standard soya lecithin. FTIR analysis shows the presence of Methyl group, alkane, carbonyl group, alkenes, hydroxyl alkyl ketone. FTIR helps to compare the in- tensity of functional groups in both lecithin isolated from Gallus gallus and Gallus domesticus.

OPTIMIZATION OF THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY METHODS FOR SEPARATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS IN THEIR MIXTURE

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Daiva Kazlauskienė ◽  
Guoda Kiliuvienė ◽  
Palma Nenortienė ◽  
Giedrė Kasparavičienė ◽  
Ieva Matukaitytė
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Paroxetine Hydrochloride ◽  
Fluvoxamine Maleate ◽  
Layer Chromatography

By conducting the toxicological analysis it is meaningful to determine the analytical system that could identify simultaneously several medicinal preparations quickly and precisely. The purpose of this work was to create and validate the method of thin-layer chromatography that would be suitable to separate the components of antidepressant mixture (amitriptyline hydrochloride, paroxetine hydrochloride, sertraline hydrochloride, fluvoxamine maleate and buspirone hydrochloride) and to identify them. The system was validated with regard to the sensitivity, repetition of data, resistance and particularity. The solvent systems with potential of high separation of components in their mixture were created: acetonitrile, methanol, ammonia solution 25 percent (85:10:5); acetonitrile, methanol, ammonia solution 25 percent (75:20:5); dichlormethane, 1,4-dioxane, ammonia solution 25 percent (50:45:5); dichlormethane, 1,4-dioxane, ammonia solution 25 percent (42:55:3); trichlormethane, 1,4-dioxane, ammonia solution 25 percent (25:70:5); trichlormethane, 1,4-dioxane, ammonia solution 25 percent (60:36:4). One of the most suitable solvent systems for separation of the analyzed mixture (sertraline, amitriptyline, paroxetine, buspirone, fluvoxamine) was determined – acetonitrile, methanol, ammonia solution 25 percent (85:10:5). When this solvent system was used, the average Rf values of the analyzed compounds differed the most. Validation was conducted – the relative standard deviation (RSD, percent) of the average Rf value of the analyzed compounds varied from 0,6 to 1,8 percent and did not exceed the permissible error of 5 percent. The sensitivity of methodology was determined by assessing the intensity of the mixture’s spots on the chromatographic plate. The detection limit of buspirone was 0,0012 µg; sertraline – 0,0008 µg; amitriptyline – 0,0004 µg; fluvoxamine – 0,0004 µg; paroxetine – 0,0008 µg. The resistance of results to the changed conditions – it was determined that when the amounts of the solvents acetonitrile and methanol were increased or decreased to two milliliters, the average Rf values of the analyzed compounds did not change statistically significantly

Isolation of Sinapic Acid from Habenaria intermedia D. Don: A New Chemical Marker for the Identification of Adulteration and Substitution

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-387
Author(s):  
Jaswinder Kaur Virk ◽  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
Mukesh Maithani ◽  
Ravindra K. Rawal ◽  
Sanjiv Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Chemical Marker ◽  
Reference Compound ◽  
Crystalline Powder ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Single Compound ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Background: Vriddhi is one of the Rasayana herbs in Ayurveda broadly used in vitality, strengthening Ayurvedic formulations. To fulfill steeply increased demand and declined supply, tubers have been collected in destructive manner resulting in reduced plant population and pushing the plant in Red list of IUCN endangered species. However, manufacturers are using substitutes and other substandard drugs leading to adulteration which puts the importance of therapeutically rich herbal plants at stake. Lack of chemical markers is the main inability of regulatory authorities for not taking any action against this adulteration. Objective: Isolation of chemical marker of plant that can be used as a reference compound for identification of unauthorized substitution. Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic and toluene extract of H. intermedia D. Don was done using standard methods followed by column chromatography for the isolation of phytoconstituents. A total of 3004 fractions were collected with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profiling and different fractions were pooled. A single compound was isolated and confirmed by chemical test, melting point, spectral analysis and compared with the literature. Results: Phytochemical screening of extracts shows the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolics. A pure white crystalline powder was isolated by column chromatography which was characterized as 3,5-dimethoxy-4- hydroxycinnamic acid (Sinapic acid) with the help of IR and Mass spectroscopy. Conclusion: This is the first report of Sinapic acid as a novel compound from Vriddhi, Habenaria genus and Orchidaceae family. It can be used as a marker for the identification of unauthorized substitution and adulteration claiming the use of Vriddhi.

scholarly journals TLC analysis of some phenolic compounds in kombucha beverage

2004 ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radomir Malbasa ◽  
Eva Loncar ◽  
Ljiljana Kolarov
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tea Fungus ◽  
Natural Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Black and green tea contains a wide range of natural phenolic compounds Flavanoids and their glycosides, catechins and the products of their condensation, and phenolic acids are the most important. Kombucha beverage is obtained by fermentation of tea fungus on black or green tea sweetened with sucrose. The aim of this paper was to investigate the composition of some phenolic compounds, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, myricetin, gallic and tanic acid, and monitoring of their status during tea fungus fermentation. The method used for this study was thin layer chromatography with two different systems. The main phenolic compounds in the samples with green tea were catechin and epicatechin, and in the samples with black tea it was quercetin.

Isolation of the antidiarrhoeal tiliroside and its derivative from Waltheria indica leaf extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
B.A. Ayinde ◽  
J.O. Owolabi ◽  
I.S. Uti ◽  
P.C. Ogbeta ◽  
M.I. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ileum Contraction ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Dose Dependent

The antidiarrhoeal effect of Waltheria indica methanol extract and fractions have been reported earlier but, the present work examined the intestinal relaxant effects of two flavonoid-phenyl propanoids isolated from the methanol extract. The active aqueous fraction was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography using dichloromethane with increasing concentration of ethyl acetate, and that of methanol and water successively. The ten (10) fractions obtained were combined to give seven (7). The fraction 2 (C, D) was subjected to preparative thin layer chromatography on silica gel GF254 (10-40μm) using CHCl3-CH3OH (8:2) to obtain compound coded F2. Fraction 4 (F) was subjected to column chromatography using silica gel (60-120μm mesh) and eluted with  dichloromethane with increasing concentrations of methanol. Fractions 9-28 were combined and subjected to column  chromatography using chloroform with increasing concentration of methanol. The fractions 1-16 of these were purified on Sephadex LH-20 to obtain compound BAA. The identities of the two compounds were established using spectroscopic methods. The  antidiarrheal effect of compound F2 was evaluated on mice using charcoal transit (100,200, 400mg/kg), castor oil (40, 60 mg/kg)  while the two compounds were examined for their inhibitory effects on Ach-induced ileum contraction. The effects of the  compounds were compared with loperamide (3mg/kg) and atropine (80μg). Compounds F2 and BAA were identified as tiliroside and 3’’’, 5’’’-dimethoxy tiliroside respectively. Tiliroside inhibited the charcoal transition in the animals in a dose dependent pattern with 400mg/ mL eliciting 63.41% inhibition compared to 59.23% produced by loperamide. The compound also elicited significantly (P<0.05) prolonged onset of stooling and reduced the number and weight of stools produced lower than the control. The two  compounds drastically inhibited the Ach-induced contractions of the ileum. The compound, tiliroside at 10mg, completely abolished  the contraction by Ach unlike 3’’’, 5’’’-dimethoxy tiliroside which reduced the contraction to 1.92% at 20mg. The identified compounds seem to be responsible for the ethnomedicinal use of the plant in treating diarrhea.

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