scholarly journals The Importance of Entrepreneurship in Micro and Small Enterprises in Uncertainty and Barrier Scenarios

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Marcelo T Okano ◽  
Odir De Almeida Veiga ◽  
Marcelo Eloy Fernandes

Economic, political, and technological uncertainties require organizations to prepare adequately for new events that occur each day. Economic crisis, changes in the policies of each country and technological developments are classic examples of these changes in organizations. Seasonality is one of the economic phenomena that occur, and different forms of management are required. The seasonality that is described as a systematic and temporal imbalance of the tourist phenomenon that does not need to be regular, caused by the climate or by the vacation periods, and is based on the consumer behavior that can be expressed in terms of the number of visitors, traffic, highways, jobs, and tickets at attractions. Therefore, through a careful analysis of seasonality, it is possible that the losses are predicted, and the negative impact is not so grotesque on the company. For this, it is good that the manager uses the cost assessment methods to assume the seasonality of sales and thus be able to guard against the negative effects of the same. The objective of this research is to understand how owners of micro and small businesses in coastal cities consider themselves entrepreneurs or not and how they deal with obstacles such as seasonality through cost management. The methodology used was based on an exploratory and bibliographic research with a qualitative approach, seeking to analyze the triad: Entrepreneurship, Seasonality and Cost Management. The field research was applied through a semi-structured questionnaire to the sample of 100 Microentrepreneurs in the trade of goods and services in Caraguatatuba and São Sebastião, central cities of the North Coast of São Paulo. The main results show that most of the interviewed entrepreneurs perceive a certain impact caused by seasonality, understand the use of Cost Management to improve their processes and are adapted to one of the main costing methods highlighted by the bibliography.

Author(s):  
Mariana Fedyk

The purpose of the academic paper lies in assessing the state of income, expenditure and savings of households under conditions of pandemic instability. The research methodology is based on the statistical analysis of data on income, resources and savings of households in Ukraine for 2010-2020. The scientific novelty involves identifying the positive and negative effects of the pandemic on the household economy. Conclusions. The positive and negative effects of the impact of spreading the pandemic on the household economy have been revealed in the research, and as a result, the decline in economic activity and the growth of unemployment in Ukraine. It has been determined that in the period of 2020 pandemic, costs decreased by 2% and resources increased by 3%. In 2020, the share of expenditures on food and non-alcoholic beverages increased from 46,6% to 48,1% in 2019, and on non-food goods and services - decreased from 41,5% to 39,8%. The population with per capita equivalent total income per month, below the actual subsistence level, was 8,9 million people in 2019 (23,1%), in 2020 – 8,8 million people (23,2%). Despite experts’ assessments of the likely increase in poverty as a result of COVID-19 spreading under two scenarios (according to the absolute criterion, it will increase from 27,2 to 43,6%; according to an absolute criterion, it will increase from 27,2 to 50,8%). It can be noted that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the poorest sections of the population with low incomes. It has been determined that in the context of social-economic impact of COVID-19, families who find it more difficult to diversify their own incomes are the most vulnerable ones. The following categories have been most affected by the pandemic (they will have had the largest increase in poverty compared to the baseline scenario), namely: households with three or more children; single parents with children; households with children under three; single retirees over 65 years.Along with this, thanks to the monetary policy that has ensured a stable level of inflation and return on deposits, the share of household deposits has increased the most in the last ten years to 27%. However, it is worth noting that quarantine and the COVID-19 pandemic have led to a trend towards a partial flow of population resources from time deposits to card and savings accounts. After all, citizens sought to have free money in case of unforeseen expenses due to the uncertainty of the future development of events. Key words: households, income, resources, consumer expenditures, economic crisis, pandemic instability, quarantine restrictions.


Author(s):  
M. Mykhailenko M. Mykhailenko

This research analyses the economic policies peculiarities of the “historical right” governments of the Kingdom of Italy from the first stage of the unification of this country into a single nation state and rise of the “historical right” governments to power till the transfer of power to the “historical left”. It also specifies the main directions of economic reforms in a certain period of time and their impact on the further development of the state. The research establishes that the liberal economic model for country’s development chosen by its leadership at the very beginning allowed to quickly create the domestic market of goods and services, establish fruitful foreign economic relations with the greatest economic powers of that time and attract foreign investments into the Kingdom, promoting the development of the Kingdom’s agricultural sector and accumulating a substantial capital within the country. However, given the significant economic backwardness of the states of the Apennine peninsula before the unification and the actual abolition of customs barriers in trade with more powerful European countries after 1861, it had a negative impact on the country’s weak industry and deepened the distortion of development along the north-south line. The undeniable achievement of the "historical right" governments in the fiscal policy was the overcoming of the huge deficit of the state budget before 1876.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Cuma Akbay ◽  
Diyar Muadh Khalil ◽  
Naji Masseho Odel

This study examines the impacts of COVID-19 on small businesses in the Northern region of Iraq. The survey sample included 235 persons in Erbil governorate. According to the results, small businesses in all sectors in the region have been affected negatively by COVID-19. The COVID-19 has had negative effects on 74% of participants’ business; this means that most of them have suffered huge losses, to the extent that some of them have suffered huge losses more than the profit of the several months before COVID-19. Based on the survey result, sales on debt have increased so much that the average of these sales in debt is 86.4%. The majority of participants pointed out that during the outbreak of coronavirus, most people paid more attention to the price of the product than to the quality


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Insan Harapan Harahap ◽  
Nana Suryana

 Controversy related to the reclamation policy of the DKI Jakarta’s North Coast is endless. Its reclamation policy is reputed inappropriate with the prevail procedure, its policy becomes a fighting zone between authority and entrepreneur, beside them bribe cases and corruption was shown covering its reclamation policy of DKI Jakarta’s North Coast. Therefore, writer tried to explain whose the actor belongs to its reclamation project. This research will be descriptive, which the data and information’s used in this research contains of documentation studies and interview with the related institution whose has relation with the reclamation project of DKI Jakarta’s North Coast. The result of this research will be concluded that the reclamation project of DKI Jakarta’s North Coast has a positive and negative impact. This reclamation project can not only solve the existing problems, instead of creating new problems associated with adverse environmental impacts. In addition, the reclamation project disrupted the livelihood of fishermen in the North Coastal area of DKI Jakarta.


2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 06037
Author(s):  
Nikola Slastanova ◽  
Hubert Palus ◽  
Rastislav Sulek ◽  
Jan Parobek ◽  
Katarina Slastanova

Research background: Globalisation brings both opportunities and challenges. It affects relationships in various areas of business, including the wood processing industry. The EU seeks to make the most of globalisation for citizens and businesses while reducing its negative effects. Green purchasing is one of the tools that helps to eliminate the negative effects of globalisation. To increase the competitiveness in the wood processing industry through green purchasing is not only about reducing the direct environmental impact of business activities but also about bringing social and health as well as economic and political benefits. Green purchasing is intelligent purchasing, which increases the efficiency of procurement of goods and services with the lowest possible negative impact on the environment and thus replaces goods or services that would be purchased by default to perform the same function but with a worse impact on the environment. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to determine the benefits of applying green purchasing in wood processing companies. By identifying the internal and external environment, it is possible to determine the benefits of green purchasing in terms of economic, environmental, political, and social and health aspects. Methods: Using the methods of expert estimation, SWOT analysis and Fuller’s triangle, the paper evaluates the benefits of green purchasing, and defines appropriate measures with possible strategies for its application in the wood processing industry. Findings & Value added: The main economic benefit is the reduced costs, social is the education of employees, and ecological benefit is the protection of forest resources.


2020 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Natalia KARPYSHYN ◽  
Solomia TABAKA

Introduction. The financial decision-making process depends not only on objective economic factors and motives; it is often under the influence of behavioural factors and subjective perceptions of situations. Consumption, as a continuous process of acquiring goods and services, has become an integral attribute of public life and a significant item of expenditure of personal and family budgets. Therefore, understanding the behavioural effects that affect the financial behaviour of consumers is an important step towards conscious consumption and rational spending of personal funds. The purpose is to theoretical analyse the influence of behavioral factors on the financial decisions of citizens in the field of consumption in order to reduce their negative effects and optimize consumer spending. Methods. System of general scientific and special research methods were used in the article. Methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization were used for the study of literary, statistical and Internet sources on the research topic; visualization method were used for visual presentation of the processed data; abstract-logical method - for generalize the presented material and formulate conclusions. The method of questionnaires and sampling, methods of statistical analysis and comparison were used for evaluate the financial decisions of households in Ukraine. Results. The article presents that using of an “intuitive” system of making financial decisions in the process consumption leads to unconscious and irrational spending of personal funds. The author generalized theories of behavioral finance and systematized the behavioral factors that influence citizens' financial decisions, namely: heuristics, emotions, framing, market influence, psychological accounting and loss perception. It has been proven that due to the lack of time for detailed information analysis, people make decisions under the influence of heuristics, such as the bandwagon effect, possession and anchoring. In such cases, money is spent irrationally and consumption becomes unconscious, as it is stimulated by marketing technologies and manipulations. Behavioral factors of emotional influence (excessive self-confidence and greed) also push the population to unjustified financial risks. Author offer to improve state policy in the field of management of personal financial resources in way to help citizens avoid the negative impact of behavioral factors and make informed financial decisions. Perspectives. The subject of further scientific research is the search and in-depth study of ways to effectively use personal funds in the field of lending and investing in the context of behavioral theories.


Author(s):  
CONSTANTINO GODINHO ◽  
DANIEL D KAMEO ◽  
BELE ANTONIUS

Objective: The aim of this study is to find negative impacts of the construction of the modern infrastructure of the toll road and find out a good solution in East Timor. Methods: The research methodology used is descriptive qualitative research methodology, namely, collecting data, interviewing key persons, making data deduction, analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and expressing recommendations, especially for the contractors and for the government. Results: The construction of the toll road infrastructure megaprojects in the new country of Timor-Leste has both positive and negative impacts. The negative impact is huge and this is not taken into account by the contractors and the government in the construction of the Suai-Beasu toll road that connects the city of Suai on the South coast and the town of Dili on the North coast of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste. Hence, the recommendations suggested for the contractors and the government are to implement the aspirations of the communities, especially in the fair and just payment for the area used for the projects and building new cross-traffic for the residents alongside the toll road. Conclusion: The presence of the toll road had positive impacts but there are several negative impacts on the lives of the Suai people, therefore, it is better that if the government and the contractors pay serious attention to overcome the negative impacts.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Sema Ardianto ◽  
Widayati Widayati

Pati Regency is a potential area in terms of tourism development, in addition to a relatively wide area is also crossed by lanes north coast. So often tourists from other regions that could pass stopover to rest and enjoy the tourism facilities in Pati. one tourism in Pati are tourism enterprises of karaoke. Karaoke tourism businesses experience rapid growth in every year. However, the tourism business is growing very rapidly karaoke if not offset by a provision concerning how the karaoke business is operational in accordance with properly, causing this karaoke tourism business potential for misuse to be a place of prostitution. Circumstances such as this would require local governments to adopt policies in addressing the phenomenon of tourism in the district of Pati. Especially tourism type of karaoke, karaoke business for the existence not adversely affect the community in the district of Pati. This research used socio-juridical approach. Data were obtained by means of field research, then the data is analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the measures taken by the District Government Pati experiencing constraints in its implementation in society.Keywords : Analysis, Public Policy, Tourism, Karaoke.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Piętka ◽  
Damian Byk ◽  
Adam Byk

Distribution of an alien fungus, octopus stinkhorn Clathrus archeri, has been studied in north-eastern Poland. The closest earlier known localities of this species, situated north of the new ones, were reported near the village of Dymnica (Lębork County) in Poland and near the town of Kartena in Lithuania. Field research was conducted in May–November in 2019-2020 and information from naturalists and foresters was verified, to map this species and draw attention to the problem of appearance of alien fungal species in forests. In the locality where the largest number of basidiomata was found, they were measured every day from 12 October till 2 November 2020: height and width of young ones at the egg phase, height of mature ones, and length of their longest arms. Additionally, arms of individual basidiomata were counted. We have documented 7 localities of C. archeri, including 5 situated in forests and 2 in other habitats. In total, we found 63 basidiomata of this species. In the localities outside forests, basidiomata of C. archeri appeared in places where timber was stored and the soil was covered with sawdust and pieces of bark. The other 5 localities were situated in broadleaved forests with a small proportion of coniferous species. It seems that C. archeri, when moisture level is suitable, finds favourable living conditions in fertile broadleaved forests of north-eastern Poland. It is sometimes re-moved from forest areas (e.g. with wood) to open and urbanized areas. Considering the observed climate change, we can expect a further spread of C. archeri to the north-eastern of Poland and an increase in the number of its localities in the Baltic Sea region. Spore dispersal of this species is facilitated not only by humans but also by insects. No negative impact of C. archeri on wooded habitats was noticed.  Key words: Phallaceae, Clathrus archeri, octopus stinkhorn, alien species, ecology, distribution, forest, Poland


2016 ◽  
Vol XXIV (1) ◽  
pp. 505-528
Author(s):  
Łukasz Rutkowski

Field research was concentrated on excavating burial mounds and non-sepulchral structures located in two different microregions: Muhaita (a new cluster of five structures representing different categories) and Bahra/Nahdain (three tumuli of which two represented a type with outer ring wall that had not been excavated so far). The excavation also provided the first secure dating evidence for the burial field in the form of a radiocarbon date for material from one of the tumuli and a dating based on the first pottery find from the tombs for another one. This has supported an earlier hypothesis that at least part of the cemetery should be dated to the Early/Middle Bronze Age. Areas between previously investigated locations were surveyed, completing gaps in the hitherto studied regions.


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