scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy and risk of adhd among a nationally-representative sample of children

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Derauf ◽  
Diana Pandey ◽  
Juliette T. Liesinger ◽  
Euijung Ryu ◽  
Jeanette Y. Ziegenfuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objectives: The development and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to a number of psychosocial risk factors. Research has shown that the amount of social capital in a community influences the physical and mental health of community members. We assessed the independent role of perceived neighborhood context, including physical and socioeconomic characteristics, and collective efficacy, a form of social capital, on ADHD prevalence. Methods: Cross-sectional study utilizing the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health, a nationally representative dataset. The population of interest was children between the ages of four and seventeen living in randomly selected households. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between indices of perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy (study exposures) on risk of ADHD (outcome), controlling for pertinent individual and family risk factors.Results: 9.8 percent of children in the US (ages 4‐17) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. In multivariate analysis, white race, male gender, increased geographic mobility, exposure to household smoke, exposure to > 2 hours/day TV, and maternal mental illness increased the odds of ADHD, while a two‐parent household reduced the odds. The highest level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with reduced risk of ADHD compared to lower levels of perceived collective efficacy (adjusted OR: 0.785; 95% CI: 0.650-0.946; p=.011). Perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were not associated with ADHD risk.Results: Nine percent of children in the US (ages 4-17 ) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. Univariately, all 3 neighborhood characteristics were associated with risk of ADHD (p-value =.01, .04, and .0002 for socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy, respectively). After accounting for well-established risk factors for ADHD, perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were no longer associated with ADHD, while collective efficacy remained significant (p=.0002).  Lower level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with increased risk of ADHD (OR: 1.7; 95\% CI: 1.3-2.2, comparing the lowest with the highest level).Conclusions: Our study suggests that perceived neighborhood collective efficacy may buffer the impact of individual-and family-level risk factors for ADHD in children.

scholarly journals Ultra-processed foods and added sugars in the US diet: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e009892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eurídice Martínez Steele ◽  
Larissa Galastri Baraldi ◽  
Maria Laura da Costa Louzada ◽  
Jean-Claude Moubarac ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative

scholarly journals Diabetes, pre-diabetes and their risk factors in Malta: a study profile of national cross-sectional prevalence study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cuschieri ◽  
J. Vassallo ◽  
N. Calleja ◽  
N. Pace ◽  
J. Mamo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus constitutes a global epidemic and a major burden on health care systems across the world. Prevention of this disease is essential, and the development of effective prevention strategies requires validated information on the disease burden and the risk factors. Embarking on a nationally representative cross-sectional study is challenging and costly. Few countries undertake this process regularly, if at all.MethodThis paper sets out the evidence-based protocol of a recent cross-sectional study that was conducted in Malta. Data collection took place from November 2014 to January 2016.ResultsThis study presents up-to-date national data on diabetes and its risk factors (such as obesity, smoking, physical activity and alcohol intake) that will soon be publicly available.ConclusionThis protocol was compiled so that the study can be replicated in other countries. The protocol contains step-by-step descriptions of the study design, including details on the population sampling, the permissions required and the validated measurement tools used.

scholarly journals Differences in risk factors associated with single and multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition (stunting, wasting or underweight) among children under 5 in Bangladesh: a nationally representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e052814
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rocky Khan Chowdhury ◽  
Hafiz T A Khan ◽  
Mamunur Rashid ◽  
Russell Kabir ◽  
Sazin Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Form ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Children Under 5

ObjectivesThe study aims to differentiate the risk factors of single and multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition among children under 5 in Bangladesh.DesignA nationally representative cross-sectional study.SettingBangladesh.RespondentsChildren age under 5 years of age.Outcome measureThis study considered two dichotomous outcomes: single form (children without single form and with single form) and multiple concurrent forms (children without multiple forms and with multiple forms) of undernutrition.Statistical analysisAdjusted OR (AOR) and CI of potential risk factors were calculated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsAround 38.2% of children under 5 in Bangladesh are suffering from undernutrition. The prevalence of multiple concurrent forms and single form of child undernutrition was 19.3% and 18.9%, respectively. The key risk factors of multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition were children born with low birth weight (AOR 3.76, 95% CI 2.78 to 5.10); children in the age group 24–35 months (AOR 2.70, 95% CI 2.20 to 3.30) and in the lowest socioeconomic quintile (AOR 2.57, 95% CI 2.05 to 3.23). In contrast, those children in the age group 24–35 months (AOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.61 to 2.34), in the lowest socioeconomic quintile (AOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.21) and born with low birth weight (AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.08) were significantly associated with a single form of undernutrition. Parental education, father’s occupation, children’s age and birth order were the differentiating risk factors for multiple concurrent forms and single form of undernutrition.ConclusionOne-fifth of children under 5 years of age are suffering multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition, which is similar to the numbers suffering the single form. Parental education, father’s occupation, children’s age and birth order disproportionately affect the multiple concurrent forms and single form of undernutrition, which should be considered to formulate an evidence-based strategy for reducing undernutrition among these children.

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