Rainfall distribution over Delhi State during monsoon

Based on the data for the period 1939-1954, the mean values of rainfall and number of rainy days during the, monsoon season at the various raingauge stations as well as the extreme values of these have been given; spatial distribution of heavy, rainfall over the State and the incidence of heavy rainfall at the various location have been studied. From a study of the synoptic charts on days prior to the days on which local heavy rainfall over was reported, an attempt has been made to indicate the topical synoptic situations which usually lead to local heavy rainfall over Delhi State during the next 24hours.Typical situation ‘have been illustrated by charts.

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Analysis of rainfall trends over Tripura

MAUSAM ◽

10.54302/mausam.v73i1.5078 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 27-36

Author(s):

RANJAN PHUKAN ◽

D. SAHA

Keyword(s):

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Rainfall Variability ◽

Kendall Test ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

The North ◽

Rainfall Trends ◽

Annual Scale ◽

Increasing Trends ◽

Rainy Days

Rainfall in India has very high temporal and spatial variability. The rainfall variability affects the livelihood and food habits of people from different regions. In this study, the rainfall trends in two stations in the north-eastern state of Tripura, namely Agartala and Kailashahar have been studied for the period 1955-2017. The state experiences an annual mean of more than 2000 mm of rainfall, out of which, about 60% occurs during the monsoon season and about 30% in pre-monsoon. An attempt has been made to analyze the trends in seasonal and annual rainfall, rainy days and heavy rainfall in the two stations, during the same period.Non-parametric Mann-Kendall test has been used to find out the significance of these trends. Both increasing and decreasing trends are observed over the two stations. Increasing trends in rainfall, rainy days and heavy rainfall are found at Agartala during pre-monsoon season and decreasing trends in all other seasons and at annual scale. At Kailashahar, rainfall amount (rainy days & heavy rainfall) is found to be increasing during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons (pre-monsoon season). At annual scale also, rainfall and rainy days show increasing trends at Kailashahar. The parameters are showing decreasing trends during all other seasons at the station. Rainy days over Agartala show a significantly decreasing trend in monsoon, whereas no other trend is found to be significant over both the stations.

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Satellite Derived Aerosol Optical Depth Climatology over Tropical Coastal Station Machilipatnam, India

International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.50.188 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 188-198

Author(s):

A.S. Madhusudanacharyulu ◽

K. Samatha ◽

K. Sailesh Kumar ◽

K. Jagadeesh ◽

Suneetha Rani

Keyword(s):

Monsoon Season ◽

Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽

Coastal Station ◽

Mean Values ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

A Value ◽

Circulation Patterns ◽

The Mean ◽

Annual Distribution ◽

Maximum Occurrence

Climatological aerosol optical depths (AOD) over Tropical coastal city Machilipatnam, India have been examined to bring out the temporal heterogeneity in columnar aerosol characteristics. AOD values at 388 nm derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) sensor EOS-AURA satellite, for the period of 2005–2013 have been analyzed for the purpose. AOD trends exhibited seasonal annual mean variations. Frequency distributions of the AOD values are examined to infer the monthly mean values. Monthly and seasonal variations of AOD are investigated in the light of regional synoptic meteorology. AODs>0.6 showed maximum occurrence in monsoon months. The mean AOD values increased towards summer reaching ~0.69 ± 0.34 and attained peak in monsoon season with a value of ~0.74 ± 0.33 and decreased during post-monsoon reaching as low as ~0.73 ± 0.3. Positive slope ~0.016 observed for inter annual distribution trend line. Factors like synoptic scale circulation patterns which are causing modulations of AOD apart from local sources were discussed.

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Seasonal features of the spatial distribution of rainfall in pre-partitioned India

MAUSAM ◽

10.54302/mausam.v10i1.4025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

K. L. SINHA

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

India Meteorological Department ◽

Rainfall Distribution ◽

Common Features ◽

Four Seasons ◽

Rainy Days

The spatial distribution of rainfall in accordance with the practice prevalent in the India Meteorological Department, viz., "few falls", "local" and "widespread" during the four seasons and the whole in the different meteorological subdivisions of the pre-partitioned India have been studied with a view, to find any common features that may exist between the three types of rainfall distribution. Distribution of total number of rainy days in the various meteorological subdivisions during the four seasons and the year have been discussed.

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Seasonal changes in physiological responses and energy expenditure of sheep maintained on semi-arid pasture

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859698005784 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 131 (3) ◽

pp. 341-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. K. SHINDE ◽

S. A. KARIM ◽

S. K. SANKHYAN ◽

R. BHATTA

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Fodder Trees ◽

Marked Rise ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean ◽

Grazing Sheep

A study on the energy expenditure of sheep was carried out at the Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, India during August 1995 to July 1996 by conducting two experiments: one on tracheal cannulated rams maintained on stall-feeding in autumn 1995 (Expt 1) followed by year-round grazing on silvipasture (Cenchrus ciliaris pasture interspersed with fodder trees) over three seasons: monsoon, winter and summer, 1995/96 (Expt 2). Physiological responses and energy expenditure measurement of housed and grazing sheep were recorded at 06.00, 14.00 and 22.00 h for 5 consecutive days in each season. Tracheostomized sheep harness with meteorological balloon were used for collection of expired air and measurement of energy expenditure. Rectal temperature (RT) of sheep at 06.00 h was similar in all the seasons except for a significant (P<0·05) lower value in monsoon. The rise of RT from 06.00 to 14.00 h in grazing animals was 1·6 °C, higher than that in housed sheep (0·9 °C). Skin temperature (ST) was least in winter and highest at 14.00 h in the monsoon and autumn seasons. Respiration rate (RR) showed a marked rise at 14.00 h in all the seasons. The heart rate (HR) of grazing sheep was higher, irrespective of season, at 14.00 h. At 06.00 and 22.00 h, the heart rate was higher in winter and summer than in the monsoon season. Overall energy expenditure (EE) was 4·85 MJ/24 h during winter which increased to 5·85 MJ/24 h in summer and 6·70 MJ/24 h in the monsoon. The mean rise in energy expenditure per °C rectal temperature in all the seasons was 338 kJ/kg W0·75. Comparable mean values per 10 °C ambient temperature and 10 °C black globe temperature were 404 and 173. The increase in energy expenditure of grazing compared to housed sheep in monsoon, winter and summer was 78, 15 and 33 % respectively. The mean value was +43%.

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The assessment of annual rainfall field by applying different interpolation methods in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04679-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Denis Rafael Silveira Ananias ◽

Gilberto Rodrigues Liska ◽

Luiz Alberto Beijo ◽

Geraldo José Rodrigues Liska ◽

Fortunato Silva de Menezes

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Mean Squared Error ◽

Rio Grande ◽

The State ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Rainfall Distribution ◽

Interpolation Methods ◽

Squared Error ◽

Rainfall Spatial Distribution

AbstractAn accurate analysis of spatial rainfall distribution is of great importance for managing watershed water resources, in addition to giving support to meteorological studies and agricultural planning. This work compares the performance of two interpolation methods: Inverse distance weighted (IDW) and Kriging, in the analysis of annual rainfall spatial distribution. We use annual rainfall data for the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) from 1961 to 2017. To determine which proportion of the sample results in more accurate rainfall distribution maps, we use a certain amount of points close to the estimated point. We use mean squared error (MSE), coefficient of determination (R2), root mean squared error (RMSE) and modified Willmott's concordance index (md). We conduct random fields simulations study, and the performance of the geostatistics and classic methods for the exposed case was evaluated in terms of precision and accuracy obtained by Monte Carlo simulation to support the results. The results indicate that the co-ordinary Kriging interpolator showed better goodness of fit, assuming altitude as a covariate. We concluded that the geostatistical method of Kriging using nine closer points (50% of nearest neighbors) was the one that better represented annual rainfall spatial distribution in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.

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Hydatidosis, cysticercosis, and tuberculosis rates in bovine slaughtered under state sanitary inspection in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20170811 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Roque Fernando Pinheiro Bica ◽

Marina Venturini Copetti ◽

Mário Celso Sperotto Brum

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

The State ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Mean Values ◽

Diagnosis Rate ◽

Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽

The Mean ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Condemnation Data

ABSTRACT This study sought to evaluate the occurrence of lesions suggestive of hydatidosis, cysticercosis, and tuberculosis in animals slaughtered under sanitary inspection of the Divisão de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal (DIPOA), in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Condemnation data between the years 2009 and 2017 were obtained from Secretaria da Agricultura Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI) and presented according to the administrative regions established by SEAPI. In that period, 7,509,544 cattle were slaughtered and condemnations occurred in all regions of the state at varying levels. The mean condemnation values showed the presence of hydatidosis in 523,399 (6.97%), cysticercosis in 92,277 (1.23%), and tuberculosis in 10,595 (0.14%) cattle carcasses. The mean values of hydatidosis diagnoses were higher in the regions of Alegrete (14.19%), Bagé (19.62%), and Pelotas (17.71%). The regions of Osório (1.86%), Santa Maria (2.10%), and São Luiz Gonzaga (1.83%) had highest rates of cysticercosis condemnations. All regions maintained an average bovine tuberculosis diagnosis rate of less than 1% and Estrela region had the highest index (0.70%). Results showed that the three diseases occurred in all regions of the state, the average prevalence rates in each region are variable, and distribution seems to be regionalized. This knowledge contributes to the plans for controlling these diseases, which are zoonoses that cause economic losses to the productive sector.

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Distribution of natural radionuclides and radon concentration in the riverine environs of Cauvery, South India

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2018.242 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 476-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. S. Kaliprasad ◽

Y. Narayana

Keyword(s):

South India ◽

Extreme Values ◽

Gamma Spectroscopy ◽

Natural Radionuclides ◽

Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽

Radon Emanation ◽

Mean Values ◽

Can Technique ◽

226Ra Activity ◽

The Mean

Abstract Systematic studies were carried out to understand the distribution of natural radionuclides in sediments and radon in water in the riverine environs of Cauvery, one of the major rivers of South India. The activity of radionuclides in the sediment was measured by gamma ray spectrometry. The radon emanation from the sediment was measured by the sealed ‘can technique’ and the radon in the water was measured using the RAD-7 instrument. The mean values of 40 K, 226Ra, and 232Th in the sediment samples were found to be 297.3 ± 4.16 Bq kg−1, 75.1 ± 2.64 Bq kg−1, and 85.5 ± 2.62 Bq kg−1, respectively. The mean activity of radon, radon exhalation rate, and radium content were found to be 135.68 Bq m−3, 327.1 mBq m−1 h−1, and 133.03 mBq kg−1, respectively. The radon in the water ranged from 0.19 kBq m−3 to 1.40 kBq m−3. The hyper pure germanium gamma spectroscopy measured via 226Ra activity and the radon activity measured by the passive can technique showed good correlation. The mean value of radon in the water was within the internationally recommended level. The sediment was considered safe for the purpose of construction, except for some extreme values, and the water was deemed safe for drinking.

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An Interlaboratory Survey of Hydrogen Ion and Blood Gas Determinations

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456327901600164 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 16 (1-6) ◽

pp. 249-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. M. McSweeney ◽

D. G. Bullock ◽

Ann Gregory ◽

T. P. Whitehead

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Clinical Chemistry ◽

The State ◽

Hydrogen Ion ◽

Blood Gas ◽

Mean Values ◽

Buffer Solutions ◽

The Mean

A survey of [H+], Pco2, and Po2 analyses in 360 laboratories was conducted using three commercial control materials: two aqueous gas-equilibrated buffer solutions (General Diagnostics and IL) and one whole blood material (DADE). There was little difference in precision or accuracy between instruments, classified according to manufacturer into four groups, and materials for [H+] and Pco2, or in precision for Po2. There were, however, differences in accuracy between instrument groups for Po2 analysis on the aqueous materials, and in some cases the mean values lay outside the range assigned by the material manufacturers. The 35 instruments outside clinical chemistry departments yielded results similar to those of all participants. The relation between inter- and intra-laboratory precision was similar to that for many analytes, suggesting that neither these materials nor the state of these analyses is unsatisfactory. Aqueous materials should, however, be used with caution as accuracy controls for Po2.

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Assessment of Some Water Quality Parameters of Bansi River in Monsoon and Winter Seasons

Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources ◽

10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14601 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 53-57

Author(s):

MMM Hoque ◽

S Roy ◽

MN Hoque ◽

MZ Islam

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Ph Value ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Winter Season ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Water Quality Parameters ◽

Mean Values ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The Mean ◽

The Government

The study was carried out to assess some physico-chemical water quality parameters and pollution scenario of the Bansi river. Water samples were collected from 8 different selected stations at Bagholpur to Nayarhat portion of Bansi river during winter and monsoon periods. The values of all parameters except temperature and DO were found higher in winter season compared to that of monsoon season. The water was slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline ranging from average pH value of 7.6 in monsoon to 8.5 in winter. The DO was found unsuitable for fisheries and irrigation purposes. The BOD was found extremely higher in winter than that of standard level set by the Government of Bangladesh. The mean values of EC in monsoon was 452.4 ?s/cm, whereas in winter season it was 901 ?S/cm, the value of DO in monsoon season was 4.7 mg/l whereas in winter it was 3.2 mg/l, the value of BOD in monsoon season was 8.9 mg/l and in winter season it was 31.4 mg/l, the value of TDS in monsoon season was 306.3 mg/l and in winter season it was 496 mg/l, the value of alkalinity in monsoon season 50.4 mg/l and in winter season it was 146.5 mg/l.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14601 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 53-57 2012

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Effect of fertilization on the distribution of root phytomass and the yield of meadow stands

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4016-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 116-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Mrkvička ◽

M. Veselá ◽

M. Skála

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Extreme Values ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Root Weight ◽

Root Mass ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean ◽

Pk Fertilization

In 1998–2000 the effect of fertilization on the quantity, stratification of root phytomass and yields of dry mass on mesophyte meadow stands was studied. The root dry matter in the soil depth of 0.0–0.25 m was oscillated and the extreme values in individual samplings were found in 1998 (402–702 g/m2). In 1999 and 2000 the oscillating minimum and maximum values of dry root phytomass in all were 418–622 g/m2, 423–678 g/m2,respectively. The mean values of dry root mass in unfertilized treatments ranged from 484 to 540 g/m2. PK increased the values insubstantially (507–565 g/m2). The higher nitrogen dose (200 kg/ha) decreased predominantly the total quantity of dry root phytomass by 36–102% was found in the control treatments, compared in the yield of dry harvestable above-ground mass. In the systematic P40K100 fertilization the root weight in slightly moistenyears (1998 and 2000) was by 18–70% higher in comparison with the dry year 1999 when the root mass was 24% less. In the fertilization 200 kg/ha N(+PK) in the first two years of studies the root phytomass was less by 12% and 38% compared with the yield of the dry meadow fodder. The mean representation of root phytomass in the soil layer 0.0–0.1 m was in 1999–2000 in the control and PK treatments nearly the same, and created 88% from the total quantity. N(+PK) fertilization caused the displacement of the root phytomass towards the surface.

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