Water requirement and growth of sorghum over semi-arid region  in Deccan Plateau

Based on the result of an experiment conducted from 1978-86 during post-rainy crop season at Solapur, crop coefficients for sorghum during different stages of growth were determined. A model has been developed for relating consumptive use of water at different phenological stages in relation to climatic parameters and crop water needs. The extent to which water requirements of the crop are met and water use efficiency have been discussed. The water requirement appears to be maximum at tasseling/flowering phases of sorghum growth. It works out at 4 mm per day under Solapur environment. The seasonal rainfall in post-rainy season does not appear to furnish a reliable estimate of the yield.

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Assessment of Consumptive use and Water use Efficiency of Okra (abelmoschus esculentus l. Moench) Using Minilysimeters in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture Research ◽

10.33140/jahr.02.01.05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Block Design ◽

Water Capacity ◽

Consumptive Use ◽

Available Water ◽

Available Water Capacity ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Crop Coefficients

This study was carried out during the 2015 and 2016 dry cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Southern Guinea Savanna Agroecology of Nigeria. The objectives were to determine the consumptive use and water use efficiency of okra using the Lysimetric technique. This involved the use of twelve (12) locally fabricated minilysimeters housing three (3) irrigation treatments corresponding to 50, 75 and 100% of the soil available water capacity replicated four (4) times and laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The Blaney-Criddle formula which is latitude dependent derives its strength from a 5-year accumulated temperature, data was used to predict the potential evapotranspiration of okra. The crop evapotranspiration is equivalent to the crop water use. Results show that the consumptive use estimated varied from 263.52 – 1,944.90 mm, water use efficiency was from 22.73 – 2.28 kg/ha/mm and crop coefficients of 0.36 – 2.28 corresponding to 50 – 100% (Low to High) soil available water capacity (SAWC) respectively. Okra performed better under low soil available water capacity.

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Evapotranspiration and water response function of squash cv. ‘Italiana’ under different cultivation conditions

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n9p640-647 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 640-647

Author(s):

Charles C. Martim ◽

Suzana G. da Silva ◽

Brena G. Ferneda ◽

Adilson P. de Souza ◽

Andréa C. da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Function ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Cultivation Conditions ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Summer Squash ◽

Thermal Sum ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Water Response ◽

Crop Coefficients

ABSTRACT Aiming to support projects and managements of irrigation for vegetables in the Mid-North region of Mato Grosso state, Brazil, this paper determined crop evapotranspiration (ETc), crop coefficients (Kc) and water response function of summer squash (Curcubita pepo) cv. ‘Italiana’ under different cultivation conditions. The plantations were conducted in the dry season of the region (July to October 2016), using 2.5 kg m-2 of millet straw (grass) and crotalaria straw (legume) and bare soil. ETc was obtained by soil water balance through tensiometry, whereas Kc values were given by the ratio between ETc and the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) obtained by the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. For the water response function, the rates of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% ETc were applied, in which case the Class A pan method was used to obtain ETo. The different soil covers did not influence the ETc, Kc and accumulated thermal sum in the phenological stages of the summer squash. Kc values were 0.1, 0.25, 0.38 and 0.41, for the phenological stages I to IV, with average durations of 8, 46, 16, and 20 days, respectively. Increase in irrigation depths did not influence the rates of production of male and female flowers, but affected yield and decreased water use efficiency, regardless of soil cover.

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Effects of Different Water Supply and Corm Planting Density on Crocin, Picrocrocin and Safranal, Nitrogen Uptake and Water Use Efficiency of Saffron Grown in Semi-Arid Region

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb839855 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 334-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Alireza KOOCHEKI ◽

Seyyed Mohammad SEYYEDI

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Block Design ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Planting Density ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Irrigation Levels ◽

Semi Arid

Saffron’s color, taste and odor result from the chemicals crocin, picrocrocin and safranal, respectively. Hence, in addition to quantitative yield, secondary metabolites content are known as crucial factors for a successful saffron production. Moreover, enhancing resources efficiency, especially water and nitrogen, is becoming increasingly important for agricultural improvement in arid and semi-arid regions. Thus, the effects of irrigation levels and corm planting on crocin, picrocrocin and safranal content, water use efficiency (WUE) as well as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of saffron were investigated as a two-year field experiment based on a randomized complete block design arranged in split-plot with three replicates. The irrigation levels (100, 75 and 50% of saffron water requirement) and corm planting pattern (50, 100, 200 and 300 corms m-2) were allocated to main and sub-plots, respectively. Based on the results, crocin and picrocrocin content increased with decreasing irrigation levels. The highest WUES (WUE based on dry stigma yield) was obtained when 50% of saffron water requirement was supplied. However, the lowest WUEC (WUE based on daughter corms yield) and NUEC (NUE based on daughter corms yield) were obtained when 50% of saffron water requirement was applied. Irrespective of irrigation levels, WUES, WUEC and NUEC increased with increasing the planting density. The results demonstrated that although relatively severe water stress increases WUES and secondary metabolites in saffron stigmas, it could decrease WUEC and NUEC through affecting daughter corm growth.

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Contribution of water and radiation to growth and yield of pearl millet in Deccan plateau - A case study

MAUSAM ◽

10.54302/mausam.v52i4.1741 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 685-690

Author(s):

A. S. BALLAL ◽

H. P. DAS

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Crop Coefficient ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Flowering Phase ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Deccan Plateau ◽

Crop Coefficients ◽

Radiation Use ◽

Emergence Phase

In this study the agrometeorological data for the period from 1991 to 1997 have been used to study evapotranspiration demand and crop characteristics of pearl millet at Solapur. Crop coefficients, water use efficiency and radiation use efficiency have been worked out and discussed. This has been done for two varieties of the crop viz., ICTP-8203 and Shraddha. The study revealed that pearl millet crop consumed maximum amount of water during earhead emergence phase, followed by flowering phase. During earhead emergence and flowering phase together, ICTP-8203 variety used nearly 50% of total water used while shraddha consumed about 60%. The highest values of crop coefficient are seen during earhead emergence phase for both the varieties. Maximum photosynthetically active radiation is availed by the crop during its vegetative phase. Radiation use efficiency is more for ICTP-8203 variety than Shraddha variety.

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Integrated Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Sowing Methods on Weed Dynamics and System Productivity of Maize–Cowpea Sequence on Vertisols

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040808 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 808

Author(s):

Hanamant M. Halli ◽

Sanganabasappa Angadi ◽

Prabhu Govindasamy ◽

Raghavendra Madar ◽

Manjanagouda S. Sannagoudar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

System Productivity ◽

Weed Density ◽

Soil Moisture Availability ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Weed Dynamics ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Irrigation Levels

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of sowing methods and deficit irrigation on weed dynamics, yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) of the maize–cowpea system during the summer and monsoon seasons, respectively. The field experiment was carried out for two years (2015 and 2016) using a split design with three replicates under irrigated (maize) and rainfed (cowpea) conditions on vertisols of a semi-arid region. Treatments included three sowing methods [i.e., broad bed and furrow (BBF), corrugated furrow (CF) and ridges and furrow (RF)] and four irrigation levels [i.e., irrigation once in 10 days (I10D), irrigation at 40% (I40), at 50% (I50) and at 60% (I60) depletion]. The results indicated that, regardless of weed flora (monocots, dicots and sedges), the RF method produced higher weed density (2.09–2.98 No. m−2) compared to CF (2.00–2.80 No. m−2) and BBF (1.85–2.64 No. m−2) in maize at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). The RF method with irrigation at I40 and I50 recorded significantly higher weed density, followed by the CF and BBF method. A similar trend was also observed with dry weight of weeds (monocot; 24.19%, dicot; 25.52%, and sedges; 29.80%) in maize at 30 and 60 DAS. Higher weed density and dry weight of weeds in the RF method with I40 was due to higher soil moisture availability and higher nutrient uptake due to larger lateral wetting of the soil and greater water use (29.27%). However, the BBF method favoured the growth of weeds (9.33–16.60%) in cowpea at 55 DAS and coped under rain-fed situation over CF and RF. The CF with moderate depletion (I50) method produced significantly higher maize equivalent yield (MEY) of cowpea (10,000 kg ha−1) with considerable reduction in the total water usage (19.33%). Therefore, under a water scarcity situation, growers can practice CF and I50 for higher yield and WUE of maize–cowpea sequence cropping.

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Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) Water Requirement, Crop Coefficients Determination and SIMDualKc Model Implementing

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2015/14138 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 281-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Houshang Ghamarnia ◽

Fatemeh Mousabeygi ◽

Isa Arji

Keyword(s):

Water Requirement ◽

Melissa Officinalis ◽

Lemon Balm ◽

Crop Coefficients

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Single and split nitrogen dose in wheat yield indicators

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n1p16-21 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 16-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Juliane S. P. Costa ◽

Rubia D. Mantai ◽

José A. G. da Silva ◽

Osmar B. Scremin ◽

Emilio G. Arenhardt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Split Dose ◽

N Supply ◽

N Release ◽

Residual N ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Use

ABSTRACT Single or split nitrogen (N) supply can maximize the expression of wheat yield indicators. The objective of the study was to evaluate the greater N use efficiency on wheat yield indicators by the single and split N supply under favorable and unfavorable year conditions to the crop in succession system of high and reduced residual N release. The study was conducted in 2014 and 2015, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in a 4 x 3 factorial, for N-fertilizer doses (0, 30, 60, 120 kg ha-1) and supply forms [full dose (100%) in the phenological stage V3 (third expanded leaf); split dose (70 and 30%) in the phenological stages V3/V6 (third and sixth expanded leaves, respectively) and; split dose (70 and 30%) in the phenological stages V3/R1 (third expanded leaf and early grain filling)], respectively, in soybean/wheat and maize/wheat cultivation systems. The highest N use efficiency for wheat yield was obtained with the single dose supply in favorable year of temperature and rainfall and with the split dose in the V3/V6 stages in unfavorable year, regardless of the succession system of high and reduced residual N release.

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Efficiency of nitrogen use by sesame genotypes under brazilian semi-arid conditions

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-48279 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. e37013

Author(s):

Manoel Galdino Dos Santos ◽

Rayanne Maria Paula Ribeiro ◽

Hamurábi Anizio Lins ◽

Giordanio Bruno Silva Oliveira ◽

José Ricardo Tavares de Alburquerque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Agronomic Efficiency ◽

Sesame Seeds ◽

Arid Conditions ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Sesame Genotypes ◽

The Cost ◽

Semi Arid

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and rate applications can influence the performance of sesame, and when applied in excess can cause nitrogen loss in the environment, and consequently make the cost of production more costly to the producer. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of nitrogen use by different cultivars of irrigated sesame seeds under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the northeastern semi-arid region in two harvests. The experiments were carried out from February to May (1st harvest) and from July to October (2nd harvest) in 2016. The treatments were arranged in a split plot scheme, in which the plots were the five nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1), and in the subplots, the four sesame genotypes (CNPA G2, CNPA G3, CNPA G4 and BRS Seda), the design was in randomized complete blocks with four replications. The nitrogen use efficiency assessments evaluated were: agronomic efficiency (AE), physiological efficiency (PE), agrophysiological efficiency (APE), recovery efficiency (RE) and efficiency of use (EU). The rate that provided the greatest efficiency of use was 30 kg ha-1 of N applied. The cultivar BRS Seda had greater efficiency of use in relation to the other cultivars studied. The crop that had better efficiency of use was the 2nd agricultural harvest.

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