scholarly journals Tropospheric moisture and its relation with rainfall due to nor’westers in Bangladesh

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
SAMARENDRA KARMAKAR ◽  
MD. MAHBUB ALAM
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Maximum Frequency ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Instability Indices

Attempts have been made to compute the precipitable water content of the troposphere, weighted average water vapour and to correlate these parameters with different instability indices and also with the next 24-hr rainfall, next 24-hr maximum rainfall and next 24-hr country averaged rainfall in order to predicting rainfall due to nor’westers in Bangladesh. It has been found that the maximum number of nor’westers occur when the precipitable water is 25-45 mm hr-1 between 1000 and 500 hPa, the maximum frequency being 48 in the range of 35-45 mm hr-1. The spatial distribution of precipitable water indicates that the maximum precipitable water is concentrated over the area near the places of nor’westers. The specific humidity has been found to increase on the dates of occurrence of nor’westers in Bangladesh on most occasions. Maximum number of nor’westers occurs when the weighted average specific humidity between the surface (1000 hPa) and 500 hPa is 8-12 g kg-1, the maximum frequency being 43 in the range of 8-10 g kg-1. The study reveals that nor’westers have been found to occur near or at the eastern end of maximum weighted average specific humidity. It has also been found that nor’westers occur near the point of inter-section of the axes of moist and dry zones. A number of parameters of the troposphere over Dhaka at 0000 UTC on the dates of occurrence of nor’westers such as precipitable water (mm/hr), MSWI, SWI, SWI/TT, (q1000 – q850) weighted averaged specific humidity have statistically significant correlations with next 24-hour rainfall at Dhaka, next 24-hour maximum rainfall in Bangladesh and country averaged rainfall. The correlation co-efficients are relatively small and the standard errors of estimates are higher. The small correlation co-efficients are significant because of the large number of data.

KARAKTERISTIK ABON IKAN GABUS (Channa striata) DENGAN SUBTITUSI KLUWIH (Artocarpus camansi)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Sri Rizqi Annisa ◽  
Dewi Larasati ◽  
Endang Bekti K
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Substitution Treatment ◽  
Fish Fillet ◽  
Organoleptic Test ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Channa Striata

The aim of this study was to determine the characterization of shredded mureel fish with kluwih substitution on water content, protein content, fiber content and organoleptic (preference for crispness and taste). This study uses a simple Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with the substitution treatment of kluwih and mureel fish, with the following ratio: S1 (240g: 60g), S2 (210g: 90g), S3 (180g: 120g), S4 (150g: 150g), S5 (120g: 180g). Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and if there was a significant effect, further testing was done with BNJ at the level of 5%. The results showed that kluwih substitution in the manufacture of mureel fish shredded had an average: water content of 8.33-10.62%, protein :16.83-22.00%, fiber : 6.79-6.99%, score crispness 2-6.12, taste score 2.6-6.6. Based on the results of the analysis of the variety of kluwih substitutes and mureel fish have a significant effect on water content, protein content and crisp organoleptic test, taste on mureel fish fillet, and no significant effect on fiber content. The best kluwih substitution in S3 treatment with 120 grams of substitute kluwih and 180 grams of mureel fish.

Obtaining the Spatial Distribution of Water Content along a TDR Probe Using the SCEM-UA Bayesian Inverse Modeling Scheme

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1128-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo J. Heimovaara ◽  
Johan A. Huisman ◽  
Jasper A. Vrugt ◽  
Willem Bouten
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Inverse Modeling

scholarly journals Assessment of Regional Global Climate Model Water Vapor Bias and Trends Using Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) Observations from a Network of Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) Receivers in the U.S. Great Plains and Midwest

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 5471-5493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacola A. Roman ◽  
Robert O. Knuteson ◽  
Steven A. Ackerman ◽  
David C. Tobin ◽  
Henry E. Revercomb
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Model Output ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Precipitable water vapor (PWV) observations from the National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR) SuomiNet networks of ground-based global positioning system (GPS) receivers and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Profiler Network (NPN) are used in the regional assessment of global climate models. Study regions in the U.S. Great Plains and Midwest highlight the differences among global climate model output from the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2 scenario in their seasonal representation of column water vapor and the vertical distribution of moisture. In particular, the Community Climate System model, version 3 (CCSM3) is shown to exhibit a dry bias of over 30% in the summertime water vapor column, while the Goddard Institute for Space Studies Model E20 (GISS E20) agrees well with PWV observations. A detailed assessment of vertical profiles of temperature, relative humidity, and specific humidity confirm that only GISS E20 was able to represent the summertime specific humidity profile in the atmospheric boundary layer (<3%) and thus the correct total column water vapor. All models show good agreement in the winter season for the region. Regional trends using station-elevation-corrected GPS PWV data from two complimentary networks are found to be consistent with null trends predicted in the AR4 A2 scenario model output for the period 2000–09. The time to detect (TTD) a 0.05 mm yr−1 PWV trend, as predicted in the A2 scenario for the period 2000–2100, is shown to be 25–30 yr with 95% confidence in the Oklahoma–Kansas region.

scholarly journals VARIAN IKAN NIKE (Awaous melanocephalus) DAN IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis) TERHADAP MUTU KERUPUK

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Desi Arisanti
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽  
Hedonic Method ◽  
Average Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Processed Form ◽  
Current Utilization

the current utilization of nike fish and tuna is still limited to fresh condition. Crackers are a very popular food by all levels of society. Utilization of nike fish and tuna in processed form with longer shelf life has not been done. Nutritional content of both types of fish is a reason in the selection as a basic ingredient in making crackers. The purpose of this research is to know the formulation of nike fish and tuna to the quality of crackers. The observation parameters in this study are the level of favorite or hedonic method, water content, ash content, bloom and texture analizer. The results showed that the average water content of nike fish crackers and skipjack fish from treatment A1 3.3%, treatment A2 3.29%, A3 3.77%. Mean of ash content at treatment of A1 1,97%, treatment of A2 1,55%, treatment of A3 1,58%. The average of A1 is 283,54%, A2 242,75%, A3 182,23%. and the mean of analyzer analyzer test at A1 1185,6%, A2 708,9%, and A3 783,83%. Based on the results and the discussion that has been done on the quality of crackers, it can be concluded that the best formula and liked by the panelists is formula A1

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of extreme precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau and effects of external forcing factors based on Generalized Pareto distribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Gao ◽  
Jun Du ◽  
Xiaoqing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Pareto Distribution ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Generalized Pareto Distribution ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
External Forcing ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Flood Season ◽  
Generalized Pareto

Abstract The daily precipitation data of the years 1955–2017 from May to September were retrieved; then a Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) and maximum likelihood methods were adopted to understand trends and calculate the reappearance period of heavy precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The daily precipitation values at 22 stations in the TP were found to conform to the model, and theoretical and measured frequencies were consistent. According to the spatial distribution of the maximum precipitation value, the extreme values of Shigatse and Lhasa showed large fluctuations, and the probability of record-breaking precipitation events was low. In the western part of Nagqu, the probability of extreme precipitation was relatively low, and that of record-breaking precipitation was relatively high. The peak values of extreme precipitation in the flood season in the TP generally exhibited a decreasing trend from southeast to northwest, and the extreme value of the flood season that reappeared in the southeast region was approximatelytwice that of the northwest region. The maximum rainfall in most areas will exceed 20 mm in the next 5–10 years, and the maximum rainfall in Shigatse will reach 52.7 mm. After 15 years of recurrence in various regions, the peak rainfall in the flood season has become low. Most of the regions in the model have different responses to ENSO and Indian Ocean monsoon indices with external forcing factors.

scholarly journals Interrelation among different instability indices of the troposphere over Dhaka associated with thunderstorms/nor'westers over Bangladesh during the pre-monsoon season

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
SAMARENDRA KARMAKAR ◽  
MD. MAHBUB ALAM
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
K Index ◽  
Total Index ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Instability Indices

Attempts have been made to correlate different instability indices among themselves statistically. The study reveals that the Showalter Stability Index (SI) has moderate to good correlations with different instability indices except Dew-point Index (DPI), Vertical Total Index (VT), Modified Vertical Total Index (MVT) and Modified K-Index (MK). Most of the correlations co-efficient are found to be significant up to 99% level of significance except Dry Instability Index (DII), which has correlation with SI up to 95% level of significance. Lifted Index (LI) has moderate to good correlation with different instability indices except DII, K-Index (KI) and MVT. Most of the correlations co-efficient are significant up to 99% level of significance except VT, SWEAT Index (SWI) and MKI, which have correlation with LI up to 95% level of significance. Unmodified instability indices have moderate to strong correlation with the corresponding modified instability indices, having 99% level of significance. The correlation co-efficient of VT and MVT, SWI and Modified SWEAT Index (MSWI), and KI and MKI are comparatively large. Standard errors of estimate are small in almost all the cases except a few. The regression equations obtained are likely to be helpful in the computation of different instability indices.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of soil water content in potato horizontal-ridge profile under various ridge dimensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
Krissandi Wijaya ◽  
Purwoko Hari Kuncoro ◽  
Ardiansyah ◽  
Poppy Arsil ◽  
Hilda Ary ani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content

scholarly journals Precipitable water characteristics during the 2013 Colorado flood using ground-based GPS measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4055-4066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah K. Huelsing ◽  
Junhong Wang ◽  
Carl Mears ◽  
John J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Moisture Transport ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Synoptic Features ◽  
Saturated Atmosphere

Abstract. During 9–16 September 2013, the Front Range region of Colorado experienced heavy rainfall that resulted in severe flooding. Precipitation totals for the event exceeded 450 mm, damages to public and private properties were estimated to be over USD 2 billion, and nine lives were lost. This study analyzes the characteristics of precipitable water (PW) surrounding the event using 10 years of high-resolution GPS PW data in Boulder, Colorado, which was located within the region of maximum rainfall. PW in Boulder is dominated by seasonal variability with an average summertime maximum of 36 mm. In 2013, the seasonal PW maximum extended into early September and the September monthly mean PW exceeded the 99th percentile of climatology with a value 25 % higher than the 40-year climatology. Prior to the flood, around 18:00 UTC on 8 September, PW rapidly increased from 22 to 32 mm and remained around 30 mm for the entire event as a result of the nearly saturated atmosphere. The frequency distribution of September PW for Boulder is typically normal, but in 2013 the distribution was bimodal due to a combination of above-average PW values from 1 to 15 September and much drier conditions from 16 to 30 September. The above-normal, near-saturation PW values during the flood were the result of large-scale moisture transport into Colorado from the Tropical Eastern Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico. This moisture transport was the product of a stagnating cutoff low over the southwestern United States working in conjunction with an anticyclone located over the southeastern United States. A blocking ridge located over the Canadian Rocky Mountains kept both of the synoptic features in place over the course of several days, which helped to provide continuous moisture to the storm, thus enhancing the accumulated precipitation totals.

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