scholarly journals Monsoon, post monsoon rainy days analysis by using normal, binomial distribution and discrete probability for south Gujarat

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-58
Author(s):  
NEERAJ KUMAR ◽  
S.K. CHANDRAWANSHI
Keyword(s):  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Discrete Probability ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
June July ◽  
Result Analysis ◽  
Rainy Days

The analysis will be conducted for standard weekly (SW) 22 to 47 of monsoon and post monsoon season at south Gujarat. The standard weekly rainy days analysis of binomial distribution for monsoon season of Navsari on chi-square test on binomial distribution was found in standard week (SW) 22 to 31, 33 and standard week (SW) 35 to 39 and post monsoon in standard week (SW) 41 to 44 shows significant. The result also reveals that the monsoon season SW 32 and 34 and post monsoon season SW 40, 45, 46 and 47 revealed non-significant result. Analysis reveals the rainfall is not equally distributed during SW 32, 34, 40, 45, 16 and 47, so that the test of binomial distribution is a good fit. Monsoon season rainfall data of Navsari, Bharuch and Valsad reveals that the normal distribution at 10, 20 and 30% probability levels for the month of June, July, August and September shows the possibility of increasing rainy days occurrence. The Navsari and Bharuch districts during post monsoon season rainfall of months of October and November reveals decreasing tendency except Valsad district. The binomial distribution fit only those standard weeks in which rainfall is not equally distributed. The standard weekly rainy days analysis of binomial distribution on chi-square test in Bharuch was found that standard week (SW) 25 only 10% of monsoon season and in post monsoon standard week (SW) 42 and 47 shows non significant (5 and 10% level of significant) result, but SW 25 found significant at 5% level. In case of Valsad district, standard week 22 to 39 of monsoon season and in post monsoon season 41, 42, 43 and 46 standard weeks shows significant result. The result reveals that the monsoon season of Bharuch standard weeks 22 to 39 except from 25 and post monsoon 40, 41, 43, 44, 45 and 46 shows significant result. Further, in Valsad district standard weeks 40, 44, 45 and 47 shows significant result. The trend analysis of rainy days shows that increasing trend in monsoon season and decreasing trend in post monsoon season of Navsari, Bharuch and Valsad districts. From above results observed that the rainfall distribution is not equally distributed so test of binomial distribution at above given standard week is a good fit. The data also shows that, decreasing tendency in rainfall was observed except Valsad district. 

scholarly journals Assessment of Trophic Responses of a Reservoir to Seasonal and Annual Variations in Monsoon

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2117
Author(s):  
Su-mi Kim ◽  
Hyun-su Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
State Index

The variations in water quality parameters and trophic status of a multipurpose reservoir in response to changing intensity of monsoon rain was investigated by applying a trophic state index deviation (TSID) analysis and an empirical regression model to the data collected in two periods from 2014 to 2017. The reservoir in general maintained mesotrophic conditions, and Carlson’s trophic state index (TSIc) was affected most by TSITP. Nutrient concentrations, particularly phosphorus, did not show strong correlations with precipitation, particularly in the period with weak monsoon, and a significant increase in total phosphorus (TP) was observed in Spring 2015, indicating the possibility of internal phosphorus loading under decreased depth and stability of water body due to a lack of precipitation. TSIChl was higher than TSISD in most data in period 1 when a negligible increase in precipitation was observed in the monsoon season while a significant fraction in period 2 showed the opposite trend. Phytoplankton growth was not limited by nutrient limitation although nutrient ratios (N/P) of most samples were significantly higher than 20, indicating phosphorus-limited condition. TSID and regression analysis indicated that phytoplankton growth was limited by zooplankton grazing in the Spring, and that cell concentrations and community structure in the monsoon and post-monsoon season were controlled by the changing intensity of the monsoon, as evidenced by the positive and negative relationships between community size and cyanobacterial population with the amount of precipitation in the Summer, respectively. The possibility of contribution from internal loading and an increase in cyanobacterial population associated with weak monsoon, in addition to potential for nutrient enrichment in the post-monsoon season, implies a need for the application of more stringent water quality management in the reservoir that can handle all potential scenarios of eutrophication.

A Study on Prevalence and Seasonal Distribution of Dengue at a Tertiary Care Centre of North India

Healthline ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Arti Agrawal ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Neha K Mani
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Male Preponderance

Introduction: Dengue virus infection is a major public health issue prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries all over the world mostly in urban and semi-urban areas. WHO estimates about 50-100 million dengue infections worldwide every year. The present study is aimed to assess the prevalence and seasonal distribution of dengue disease during three consecutive years from 2016-2018 at a tertiary care centre of North India. Method: This is an observational retrospective study conducted on total 6,481 clinical suspected cases referred from indoor and outdoor departments of Medicine and Pediatrics of one of the medical colleges of Agra during the period from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018. Results: The maximum positivity was recorded in the year 2016 (16.66%), followed by 2017 (14.07%) and 2018(13.56%).Our study shows male preponderance with maximum cases in the year 2018 was recorded in the month of October (22.75%) whereas the lowest in the month of May (1.96%). Most of the cases were in the age group 0-30 years with a male preponderance. The outbreak occurred during the months of August to November indicating vector transmission in the monsoon and post-monsoon season. Conclusion: From the analysis, this study reflects that the numbers of dengue cases in 2016 were maximum and outnumbered the dengue cases among three consecutive years from 2016 to 2018. The peak in dengue positivity was observed during September to October. As this disease affects the population in the monsoon and post monsoon months therefore continuous monitoring of dengue infection is important during the post-monsoon season.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Pattern of Traditional and Complementary Alternative Medicine Use in Diabetic Patients in Dubai, UAE

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usama ALAlami ◽  
Khulood A. Saeed ◽  
Munawwar A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Complementary Alternative Medicine ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Result Analysis

Background: The current study explored the prevalence and pattern of traditional and complementary alternative medicine (TCAM) use, its perceived benefits and possible impact on health outcomes amongst diabetics in Dubai, UAE.Objectives: Diabetes is highly prevalent in the UAE, with diabetics potentially not complying with the prescribed conventional medicines, or preferring to use of traditional and complementary alternative medicines. The current study therefore sheds light on these two areas.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in 4 healthcare facilities in Dubai using quantitative data collection methods. Using a systematic random sampling method, 145 diabetic participants completed a self-reported questionnaire. Measures in the questionnaire included traditional and complementary alternative medicine use, and perceived benefits. SPSS version 21 was used for result analysis. Chi-square test was used to confirm significance amongst various groups.Results: Amongst 145 diabetic participants recruited, 66.9% were female, and 57.9% had undergraduate degree. Majority of participants (95.2%) had type II diabetes. Participants age was between 20 to 79 years. The prevalence of TCAM use amongst the participants was 21.4%, with the majority of users being female (27.8%). TCAM use was more common amongst housewives (28.6%). None of the TCAM users had the intervention prescribed by a health specialist, and the majority (51.6%) used it for the purpose of slowing the progression of the disease. More than half (58.1%) of TCAM users reported receiving the desired effect, and 77.4% used TCAM in combination with the prescribed conventional medicine.Conclusion: The current study confirmed the un-prescribed use of TCAM amongst participants in Dubai, UAE. Further studies are required to elaborate on the interaction between TCAM and prescribed conventional medicines.

scholarly journals Seasonal Nature and Trends of Tropical Cyclone Frequency and Intensity over the North Indian Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-534
Author(s):  
Abhisek Pal ◽  
Soumendu Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
North Indian Ocean ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
The North ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Cyclone Frequency

Tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the North Indian Ocean (NIO) region showed significant amount of both spatial and temporal variability.It was observed that the TC genesis was significantly suppressed during the monsoon (June-September) compared to pre-monsoon (March-May) and post-monsoon (October-December) season specifically in terms of severe cyclonic storms (SCS) frequency. The Bay of Bengal (BoB) was characterized by higher TC frequency but lower intensity compared to the Arabian Sea (AS). It was also observed that the TC genesis locations were shifted significantly seasonally.The movement of the TCs also portrayed some significant seasonal differences. The pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season was responsible for generating TCs with higher values of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) compared to the monsoon. The time series of TC frequency showed a statistically significant decreasing trend whereas the time series of ACE showed astatistically significant increasing trend over the NIO.

scholarly journals STUDY OF GPM-IMERG RAINFALL DATA PRODUCT FOR GANGOTRI GLACIER

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 383-388
Author(s):  
P. Verma ◽  
S. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Data Product ◽  
Precipitation Measurement ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Gangotri Glacier ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Global Precipitation ◽  
Rainy Days

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This study presents a comparison of new generation weather observatory satellites Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) rainfall products with field data collected for Gangotri glacier in India. The meteorological analysis of rainfall estimates has been performed on GPM IMERG Final, Late and Early precipitation products available at daily scale with a spatial resolution of 0.1&amp;deg;<span class="thinspace"></span>&amp;times;<span class="thinspace"></span>0.1&amp;deg; for melting season from May to September for the year 2014 and 2015 respectively. The comparison of satellite products with field data was done using correlation coefficient and standard anomaly. The Late run curve showed a high degree of similarity with final run curve while early run showed variation from them. The satellite meteorological data correctly identified non-rainy days with an average of &amp;sim;86.7%, &amp;sim;67.5% and &amp;sim;95% for pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon season respectively. The rmse for final run data product for 2014 and 2015 are 4.5, 1.23, 1.55, 1.24, 0.8 and 1.14, 7.1, 1.82, 1.15, 1.52 from May to September respectively. Overall, it has been observed that for medium to heavy rainfall final run estimates are close to field data and for light to medium rainfall late run estimates are close. Similar results have been obtained from both datasets for non-rainy days in the study area.</p>

scholarly journals Dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) of the Kole Wetlands, central Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 17963-17971
Author(s):  
A. Vivek Chandran ◽  
Subin K. Jose ◽  
Sujith V. Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Ramsar Site ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

A year-long study was conducted at the Kole Wetlands, a Ramsar site in central Kerala to document the diversity of dragonflies and damselflies and understand their seasonality.  Checklist survey method was used to sample adult odonates in 30 randomly chosen locations.  A total of 44 species (30 dragonflies and 14 damselflies) belonging to 33 genera and eight families were recorded in the study area.  Species richness showed a peak in the post-monsoon season and a dip in the summer.  The observations support the value of the Kole Wetlands in providing valuable resources for Odonata.

Irrigation Effects on Roots and Shoots of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoides)

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Gregory ◽  
G. R. Squire
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Irrigation Effects

SUMMARYIrrigated and unirrigated crops of pearl millet were grown in Hyderabad, India, during the post-monsoon season of 1977. Irrigation increased both the dry weight of roots and the number of root axes, but because the additional axes were thick and unbranched the total length of roots was unaffected. However, irrigation did cause more of the root length to be in the top 20 cm of soil. Yield of the irrigated crop was higher than that of the dry crop, mainly because more tillers survived to produce grain. Grain growth of the dry crop occurred when the net growth of the crop was zero, probably because of movement of assimilate from stems to panicles. Possible strategies for improving yields are examined in the light of the growth data.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation and light absorption property of carbonaceous aerosol in a typical glacier region of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 6441-6460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hewen Niu ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Hailong Wang ◽  
Rudong Zhang ◽  
Xixi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

Abstract. Deposition and accumulation of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosol on glacier surfaces can alter the energy balance of glaciers. In this study, 2 years (December 2014 to December 2016) of continuous observations of carbonaceous aerosols in the glacierized region of the Mt. Yulong and Ganhaizi (GHZ) basin are analyzed. The average elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) concentrations were 1.51±0.93 and 2.57±1.32 µg m−3, respectively. Although the annual mean OC ∕ EC ratio was 2.45±1.96, monthly mean EC concentrations during the post-monsoon season were even higher than OC in the high altitudes (approximately 5000 ma.s.l.) of Mt. Yulong. Strong photochemical reactions and local tourism activities were likely the main factors inducing high OC ∕ EC ratios in the Mt. Yulong region during the monsoon season. The mean mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of EC, measured for the first time in Mt. Yulong, at 632 nm with a thermal-optical carbon analyzer using the filter-based method, was 6.82±0.73 m2 g−1, comparable with the results from other studies. Strong seasonal and spatial variations of EC MAE were largely related to the OC abundance. Source attribution analysis using a global aerosol–climate model, equipped with a black carbon (BC) source tagging technique, suggests that East Asia emissions, including local sources, have the dominant contribution (over 50 %) to annual mean near-surface BC in the Mt. Yulong area. There is also a strong seasonal variation in the regional source apportionment. South Asia has the largest contribution to near-surface BC during the pre-monsoon season, while East Asia dominates the monsoon season and post-monsoon season. Results in this study have great implications for accurately evaluating the influences of carbonaceous matter on glacial melting and water resource supply in glacierization areas.

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