scholarly journals Chemical and microbiological changes in the soil mediated by different vegetative coverings in a Natal orange orchard

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-350
Author(s):  
Gabriel Danilo Shimizu ◽  
◽  
Jean Carlo Baudraz de Paula ◽  
Adriana Pereira da Silva ◽  
Camilla de Andrade Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Spontaneous Vegetation ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Orange Orchard

Proper soil cover management for citrus cultivation can contribute to increased productivity and improved soil quality. This study examined five different vegetative coverings [Urochloa brizantha; U. decumbens, U. ruziziensis, spontaneous vegetation, and herbicide application (glyphosate) in the total area] in the inter rows of a Natal orange orchard [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] grafted on the Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata). Their effects on the microbiological and chemical attributes of the soil and the vegetative development in the orchard were examined. Chemical (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, P, pH, H+Al, CECpH7, base saturation, and OM) and microbiological (carbon and nitrogen of microbial biomass, basal respiration, and metabolic quotient) soil attributes in the rows and inter-rows were evaluated for the orchard in 2018 and 2019. There was a significant difference for most variables in the 2 years studied, emphasizing 2019 for microbiological parameters and OM, with the latter being 14.8% lower in the treatment with glyphosate in the total area compared to the treatment with spontaneous vegetation. The results showed the benefits of vegetation cover with brachiaria in inter-rows of the Natal sweet orange orchard in the chemical and microbiological attributes of the soil, especially in carbon and nitrogen of the microbial biomass.

Response of soil microbial biomass, activities, and community structure at a pine stand in northeastern Germany 5 years after thinning

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1427-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Maassen ◽  
Hannu Fritze ◽  
Stephan Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northeastern Germany

A thinned and an unthinned treatment were compared in a 62-year-old pine stand located in northeastern Germany (Brandenburg, Ost-Prignitz, Revier Beerenbusch) (year of thinning: 1999, degree of canopy opening: 0.4). Samples of the organic layer (O) and the mineral horizon (Aeh) of an acid brown earth were collected along a transect at each treatment in November 2003 and April 2004. Substrate induced respiration, basal respiration, and a suite of enzymes involved in the degradation of lignocellulose (endocellulase, exocellulase, β-glucosidase, endoxylanase, exoxylanase, phenoloxidase, peroxidase) were assayed. Microbial community structure and relative biomass of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi were assayed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Five years after thinning, microbial biomass, basal respiration, and enzyme activities in both soil layers did not differ significantly between thinned and unthinned treatments. However, the analysis of soil microbial community structure revealed a significant difference between the thinned and unthinned treatment at both sampling dates. Thus, it was concluded that thinning had not yet resulted in any response in soil microbial activities at the site under study, but since early evidence of change in the microbial community was detected, long-term monitoring and additional studies on mineralization activities are required.

scholarly journals Microbial responses to doses of cover plant straw in cerrado piauiense oxisol

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Priscilla do Nascimento Amorim ◽  
Cacio Luiz Boechat ◽  
Lizandra de Sousa Luz Duarte ◽  
Daniela Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
João Carlos Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Basal Respiration

Carbon and nitrogen from the soil microbial biomass play a significant role in the rotation of C and N, and promote nutrient cycling. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the soil microbial biomass with growing doses of cover plant straw species. The cover plants cultivated in the cerrado biome region were incorporated an Oxisol Ustox. The straw of each cover plant was incorporated at doses of 0; 10; 20 and 30 Mg ha-1. The soil basal respiration was determined by incubating, after 21 days. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were determined by the method the microwave irradiation. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents in extracts were determined by the wet combustion method and Kjeldahl-N. The metabolic quotient was calculated as the ratio between soil basal respiration rate and microbial biomass C, and the microbial quotient as the ratio between soil microbial biomass C and total carbon of soil. The soil microbial population measured by the attributes of quality responds to the addition of the of grass and legume straws incorporated to the soil; The treatments that cause the greatest stress to the microbial population, at 21 days, mediated by the metabolic quotient, are guandu-anão at a dose of 10 Mg ha-1; Guandu-anão and Guandu fava-larga at 20 Mg ha-1 and Brachiária at a dose of 30 Mg ha-1; The best result regarding microbial attributes of soil quality evaluated was observed with the incorporation of all doses of the straw of Crotalaria-ocroleuca.  

A comparison of the organic matter, biomass, adenosine triphosphate and mineralizable nitrogen contents of ploughed and direct-drilled soils

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Powlson ◽  
D. S. Jenkinson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mineralizable Nitrogen

SUMMARYSoil samples were taken from four field experiments on the growth of cereals in direct-drilled and in mouldboard-ploughed soil. When sampled, one of the experiments had run for 5 years, one for 6, one for 8 and one for 10 years. Sampling was to just below plough depth and was done on an ‘equivalent depth’ basis, i.e. the more compact direct-drilled plots were sampled more shallowly than the ploughed plots in such a way that both samples represented the same weight of soil per unit area. No significant differences in total nitrogen or in total organic carbon were observed between cultivation treatments at any of the four sites.In three of the four sites, there was no significant difference in microbial biomass carbon, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), or mineralizable nitrogen between directdrilled and ploughed soils. In the fourth, which contained more clay than the others, there was slightly more biomass carbon and ATP in the direct-drilled soil. As microbial biomass carbon (or ATP, which is closely correlated with microbial biomass carbon) responds more rapidly to changes in management than do total carbon and nitrogen, a change in biomass carbon should provide early warning of changes in soil organic matter, long before changes in total carbon and nitrogen become measurable. That no such change was observed, with one partial exception, is evidence that a change from traditional methods of cultivation to direct drilling has little effect on soil organic matter other than altering its distribution in the soil profile.

scholarly journals UTILIZAÇÃO DE LODO DE ESTAÇÃO DE TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA DE CURTUME NOS PARÂMETROS MICROBIOLÓGICOS DO SOLO

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (Especial) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Isabella Santander de Souza ◽  
Rita de Cássia Lima Mazzuchelli ◽  
Fabio Fernando de Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Tannery Sludge ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Microbiological Properties

The present work has the objective of evaluating the microbiological properties of the soil that presents increasing doses of tannery sludge. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, located at Campus II - UNOESTE, in the city of Presidente Prudente. The application of different doses of tannery sludge in microbiological soil parameters was evaluated. The study was conducted in 30 pots of 10 kg during the period of one hundred days, after which samples were collected and sent to the laboratory for the soil biological evaluations of carbon and nitrogen of the microbial biomass and basal respiration of the soil. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, and the comparison was made by regression. The application of the dosage of 2 Mg of sludge ha-1 under the soil surface allowed an increase in the carbon and nitrogen of the microbial biomass being efficient. Higher dosages end up reducing the elements in the biomass.

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Soil resources and climate jointly drive variations in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in China's forest ecosystems

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 6751-6760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. H. Zhou ◽  
C. K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Quotient

Abstract. Microbial metabolism plays a key role in regulating the biogeochemical cycle of forest ecosystems, but the mechanisms driving microbial growth are not well understood. Here, we synthesized 689 measurements on soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and nitrogen (Nmic) and related parameters from 207 independent studies published up to November 2014 across China's forest ecosystems. Our objectives were to (1) examine patterns in Cmic, Nmic, and microbial quotient (i.e., Cmic / Csoil and Nmic / Nsoil rates) by climate zones and management regimes for these forests; and (2) identify the factors driving the variability in the Cmic, Nmic, and microbial quotient. There was a large variability in Cmic (390.2 mg kg−1), Nmic (60.1 mg kg−1, Cmic : Nmic ratio (8.25), Cmic / Csoil rate (1.92 %), and Nmic / Nsoil rate (3.43 %) across China's forests. The natural forests had significantly greater Cmic (514.1 mg kg−1 vs. 281.8 mg kg−1) and Nmic (82.6 mg kg−1 vs. 39.0 mg kg−1) than the planted forests, but had less Cmic : Nmic ratio (7.3 vs. 9.2) and Cmic / Csoil rate (1.7 % vs. 2.1 %). Soil resources and climate together explained 24.4–40.7 % of these variations. The Cmic : Nmic ratio declined slightly with Csoil : Nsoil ratio, and changed with latitude, mean annual temperature and precipitation, suggesting a plasticity of microbial carbon-nitrogen stoichiometry. The Cmic / Csoil rate decreased with Csoil : Nsoil ratio, whereas the Nmic / Nsoil rate increased with Csoil : Nsoil ratio; the former was influenced more by soil resources than by climate, whereas the latter was influenced more by climate. These results suggest that soil microbial assimilation of carbon and nitrogen are jointly driven by soil resources and climate, but may be regulated by different mechanisms.

scholarly journals Clinical and microbiological effects of adjunctive photodynamic diode laser therapy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
Sahana Mallineni ◽  
Sreenivas Nagarakanti ◽  
Sumanth Gunupati ◽  
Ramesh Reddy BV ◽  
Mahaboob V Shaik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Scaling And Root Planing ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Root Planing ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

Background. Conventional mechanical debridement alone cannot eliminate bacteria and their products from periodontal pockets. Adjunctive therapies improve tissue healing through detoxification and bactericidal effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment procedure that involves the use of a dye as a photosensitizer to attach to the target cell and be activated by a photon of an appropriate wavelength. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of PDT in treating periodontitis as an adjunct to scaling and root planing. Methods. Fifteen subjects with chronic periodontitis were treated randomly with scaling and root planing (SRP), followed by a single PDT (test) or SRP (control) episode alone. Full-mouth plaque index (PI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed at baseline and 1-month and 3-month intervals. Microbiological evaluation of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in subgingival plaque samples was performed using a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. The results revealed a significant difference in PI, SBI, PD, CAL, and microbiological parameters between the groups one and three months after treatment. Conclusion. A combination of PDT and SRP gave rise to a significant improvement in clinical and microbiological parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis.

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