scholarly journals Soil Attributes Using Different Agricultural Use Systems in the Rio Grande do Norte Semiarid, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Ana Karenina Fernandes de Sousa Ribeiro ◽  
Jeane Cruz Portela ◽  
Rafael Oliveira Batista ◽  
Carolina Malala Martins Souza ◽  
Joseane Dunga da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Plasticity Limit ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The semiarid region is extremely fragile to anthropogenic actions. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the physical and chemical attributes of soils with different agricultural uses. The research was carried out in the municipality of Governador Dix-Sept Rosado. Fertility and physical analyses were performed. The results were interpreted by multivariate analysis. The soils that presented a eutrophic character were influenced by lithology. In the Cambissolo (Haplustepts), there was an increase in the limits of liquidity and plasticity due to the increase of the clay fraction and total organic carbon. By the particle size analysis, the profiles presented variations in textural classes. We concluded that the physical attributes moisture, liquidity limit, plasticity limit, clay plasticity index, thin sand and the chemical attributes pH, (H + Al), V and PST were the most sensitive for the distinction of environments. The studied areas presented acidity reactions to alkalinity with presence of Al3+, (H + Al) and high salinity.

scholarly journals Ethnopedological Studies to Characterize Neosols at the Brazilian Semiarid Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Jucirema Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Jeane Cruz Portela ◽  
Nildo da Silva Dias ◽  
Cezar Augusto Medeiros Rebouças ◽  
Francisco Ernesto Sobrinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Soil Landscape ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The ethnopedological approach to soil characterization presents great challenges, since the understanding of the systems occurs through the knowledge acquired by the man in his coexistence with agroecosystems. The aim of the present research was to characterize the agricultural soils through morphological, physical and chemical analysis, using ethnopedological studies in the ‘Santa Agostinha’ Settlement Project, Caraúbas-RN, Brazil. Five areas were defined for study in the soil/landscape relation: i) area with cashew cultivation; ii) area of pasture; iii) area of crops in consortium; iv) agroforestry; and v) preserved forest, used as the reference. Participatory workshops, exchanges and classifications (from the locals and formal) were carried out with the analysis of the morphological, physical and chemical attributes of the studied soils in the layers of 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m. The results of the ethicist classification, based on the attributes evaluation were: Quartzarenic latosol NEOSOL (cashew area); Regolitic euthrofic NEOSOL (pasture area); Ortic quartzarenic fragiudult NEOSOL (intercropping area); typical quartzarenic ortic NEOSOL (agroforestry area and typical hydromorphic quartzarenic NEOSOL that presented a close relation with the emicist classification (from the local people). The observation of the different soil types in the landscape, due to the stratification of the environments, allowed the growers to identify characteristics associated with soil potentials and restrictions and, consequently, the correct management to be adopted. The experiences of local growers in the participatory workshops provided an exchange of popular and scientific knowledge, as well as new perspectives of coexistence with the semiarid.

scholarly journals Does the irrigated mango cultivation in the semiarid change the Physical and chemical attributes of the soil?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-414
Author(s):  
Leane Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Augusto Miguel Nascimento Lima ◽  
Marcos Sales Rodrigues ◽  
Jailson Cavalcante Cunha ◽  
Laura Paula Araújo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The replacement of native vegetation by crops may result in changes in the chemical and physical attributes of the soil, preventing the sustainability of the agricultural production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in two consecutive years (2014 and 2015), the effect of irrigated mango cultivation in some physical and chemical attributes of the soil in relation to Caatinga in Petrolina-PE, Brazil. In areas under irrigated mango (under the canopy region and the row spacing) and Caatinga (taken as reference), soil samples were collected at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. The chemical and physical analyzes were performed, and were calculated bases sum (BS), cations exchangeable capacity (CEC) and base saturation (V, %). The irrigate mango cultivation (canopy region) increased the macronutrients content (P, K, Ca and Mg), BS and V (%) for both evaluated years at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. In soil under irrigated mango cultivation (under the canopy region and in the row spacing), the macronutrient contents presented a stochastic pattern in the years of 2014 and 2015. The change of land use, from Caatinga to irrigated mango cultivation, does not induce a negative impact in the soil chemical attributes under the adopted management conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of fertilizer and hydrogel on physical-chemical attributes of substrate for seedling production

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glauce Taís de Oliveira Sousa Azevedo ◽  
Anderson Marcos de Souza ◽  
Gileno Brito de Azevedo ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Teodoro ◽  
José Raimundo Luduvico de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Different Doses

The incorporation of the hydrogel into the substrate used in the forest nursery promotes improvements in its physical-chemical attributes. However, several factors influence the hydrogel efficiency, such as the increase of salts, promoted by fertilizer of the substrate. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the incorporation of fertilizer levels and hydrogel doses on the physical-chemical attributes of a substrate to produce forest seedlings. Different levels of basic fertilizer commonly used in the nursery (100%, 50% and 0%) and different doses of the hydrogel (0, 1, 2 and 3 g L-1) were incorporated into the substrate Tropstrato Florestal®, consisting of 12 treatments in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme. A sample of the substrate in each treatment was sent for analysis of its physical and chemical attributes. To evaluate the effect of the treatments on the physical-chemical attributes of the substrate, was used the multivariate principal components analyses. The levels of fertilizer and hydrogel doses were correlated with the attributes of the substrates obtained in each treatment. The incorporation of different fertilizer levels and hydrogel doses to the substrate modified their chemical and physical attributes. Fertilizers have influenced mainly the chemical attributes of the substrate, whereas hydrogels have influenced the physical attributes, mainly those related to water retention capacity and availability.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical attributes of a soil cultivated with rubber tree under three management strategies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1987-2002
Author(s):  
Yuri Luiz Augusto dos Santos ◽  
Adriana Aparecida Ribon ◽  
Luis Filipe Caixeta Bitencourt ◽  
Leonardo Rodrigues Barros ◽  
Kathleen Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is a native species of the Amazon biome. This species had great economic importance due to the production of latex, used to obtain natural rubber. Seeking growth in productivity with adequate management is necessary to optimize production and increase areas with rubber trees. This study aimed to verify the physical and chemical attributes of soil under three different managements and two rubber tree clones, searching for the best alternative for the general edaphoclimatic conditions of the Cerrado biome. The experiment was installed in Palmeiras of Goiás, GO, Brazil, in a randomized block design in a 2×3 factorial arrangement, consisting of two rubber tree clones (PB 312 and RRIM 600) and three management strategies (organomineral fertilizer with poultry litter, pigeon pea as green manure, and mechanical mowing-brushcutter). Physical attributes such as soil density, soil penetration resistance, soil moisture and aggregation, soil fertility, and tree development were analyzed. Statistical analyses of variance and Tukey test were carried out in order to compare the dendrometric data and physical and chemical attributes of the soil under the different treatments applied in the inter-row of rubber trees. No significant statistical differences were found among treatments and between clones in relation to soil physical attributes. However, the soil pH reduced the use of organomineral fertilizer and the clone RRIM 600 had the highest heights.

scholarly journals Pedogenesis of a Retisol with fragipan in Karelia in the context of the Holocene landscape evolution

Baltica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilit Pogosyan ◽  
Sergey Sedov ◽  
Teresa Pi-Puig ◽  
Pavel Ryazantsev ◽  
Aleksander Rodionov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Swelling Clay Minerals

Fragipan is a compacted but non-cemented subsurface horizon, considered as a pedogenic horizon, but the mechanism of its formation is not well understood. The main hydro-consolidation hypothesis involves a collapse of soil structure when it is loaded and wet, resulting a reorganisation of pore space. Soils with fragipan never have been marked in Russian soil maps. In the South Karelia, located in Eastern Fennoscandia (34.50921 E and 61.33186 N, 110 m asl) we studied a soil profile of Albic Fragic Retisol (Cutanic), developed in the glacial till of Last Glaciation with flat subhorizontal topography under an aspen-spruce forest. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how the fragic horizon was formed in the Retisol located in South Karelia. Observations were made in each soil horizon using micromorphological method, particle size analysis and the study of mineralogical composition of clay fraction by X-ray diffraction. The analysis of the morphological description combined with the laboratory data have led us to the conclusion that the consolidation of the fragipan occurred after the textural differentiation of the profile, following the Atlantic Optimum, and does not depend on the presence of swelling clay minerals. The well-developed argic horizon was probably formed around 6000 years ago, under climatic conditions more favourable for clay illuviation than in present time. Fragipan is supposed to be developed during the Sub-Boreal cooling.

scholarly journals Soil characterization for adobe mixtures containing Portland cement as stabilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Miranda Araújo Santos ◽  
José Anselmo da Silva Neto ◽  
Aline Figueirêdo Nóbrega de Azerêdo
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Method Analysis

ABSTRACT One of the most economical ways to build with soil is to use adobe technique. There are several types of soils and most of them are not suitable for using to construct buildings. Physical and chemical characteristics of the soils will influence on its performance to use for buildings. This work aims to characterize physically, chemically and mineralogically two soil samples and study the dosage of mixtures for adobe using Portland cement as stabilizer. It was studied three different Portland cement content (6%, 9% and 12%) in the soil. The results showed that compressive strength of up to 5 MPa at 28 days for both type of soils studied with 12% of Portland cement. In addition, a comparison between two methods used for the particle size analysis of the soils. It was observed that the results differed in each method analysis. Overall this work has shown that to use these soils for adobe bricks, 9% of Portland cement is enough to reach the minimum compressive strength required by standard. Furthermore, this research brings results about the determination of the clay content of the soil, indicating that the traditional method to determine the size distribution curve by sieving and sedimentation may not be the most suitable to check this clay content.

scholarly journals Modification of Cement Matrix with Complex Additive Based on Chrysotyl Nanofibers and Carbon Black

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6943
Author(s):  
Zarina Saidova ◽  
Grigory Yakovlev ◽  
Olga Smirnova ◽  
Anastasiya Gordina ◽  
Natalia Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Complex Additive ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This paper presents the results of studying the properties of cement-based composites modified with a complex additive based on chrysotile nanofibers and carbon black. The optimal composition of complex additive was stated due to the particle size analysis of suspensions with different chrysotile to carbon black ratios and the mechanical properties study of the fine-grained concrete modified with the complex additive. It was found that the addition of chrysotile in the amount of 0.05% of cement mass together with carbon black in the amount of 0.01% of cement mass leads to a 31.9% compression strength increase of cement composite and a 26.7% flexural strength increase. In order to explain the change in the mechanical properties of the material, physical and chemical testing methods were used including IR-spectral analysis, differential thermal analysis, energy dispersive X-ray analysis as well as the study of the microstructure of the samples modified with the complex additive. They revealed the formation of durable hydration products including thaumasite and calcium silicate hydrates of lower basicity that form a dense structure of cement matrix, increasing the physical and mechanical characteristics of cement-based composites.

scholarly journals Geo-environmental problem of snow avalanche defensive structures in mudstone zones, Niigata Prefecture, Japan

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aoyama ◽  
P. Bhattarai ◽  
M. Fukuda ◽  
J. Oku ◽  
T. Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Snow Avalanche ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Niigata Prefecture

Fence-type defensive structures are very common on highway hillsides in Japan. They are constructed to protect the highway mainly from snow avalanche. Initially, these structures behave well. However, as the time lapses, the foundation of these well designed structures weakens and collapses. The situation is further aggravated by the static load of accumulated thick snow cover behind them. As mudstone is the dominant rock type in the Niigata Prefecture, it is a challenging task for geotechnical engineers to cope with such a severe geo-environmental problem. Although the mudstone exhibits a high strength while it is dry and fresh, it becomes quite unstable after sometime. When it comes in contact with water and atmosphere repeatedly, it starts weathering. Consequently, its shear strength is reduced and cannot resist the imposed shear stress and moment, and ultimately fails. For the laboratory investigation, mudstone blocks of various sizes were collected from the two typical mudstone areas: the Matsunoyama area and Nagaoka area in the Niigata Prefecture. These samples were sub merged and then dried alternately for several cycles. The particle size analysis of the weathered material showed that the proportion of fine particles increased with the degree of weathering. The laboratory tests of these samples exhibited a decrease in shear strength with an increasing degree of saturation. The periodic swelling and contraction of the clay fraction leads to volume change of foundation inducing its further weathering.

scholarly journals Structural and Chemical Attributes of Soil Inorganic Fractions for Environmental Characterization in the Brazilian Semiarid Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Thais Cristina de Souza Lopes ◽  
Jeane Cruz Portela ◽  
Stefeson Bezerra de Melo ◽  
Thamirys Duarte Ávila ◽  
Francisco Wellington Andrade da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship

Soil structure affects plant growth factors in agroecosystems. The relationships of these factors with soil texture and chemical attributes are important to differentiate environments. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship of soil structural attributes with physical and chemical attributes of different soils to differentiate environments, using multivariate statistics. The research was carried out in the Terra da Esperança Settlement Project, in Governador Dix-Sept Rosado, RN, semiarid region of Brazil. Ten soil profiles were evaluated: Haplustepts in a conventional area (1CA); Haplustepts in a collective area with (2CA); Haplustepts in an agroecological area with native forest (3AGRO); Eutrustox in a native forest (4NF); Calciustolls in a conventional area of pasture (5CAP); Haplustepts in a native forest (6NF); Haplustepts in an native forest (7NF); Usticfluvents in a permanent conservation area with Licania rigida (8PPA); Haplustepts in a native forest (9MN); and Haplustepts in a collective area with Spondias spp. (10SP). Ten soil samples were collected and analyzed by horizons in volumetric rings and in soil blocks (aggregate analysis), with three replications. Structural, physical, and chemical attributes were evaluated. The data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis, using correlation matrix, cluster analysis, and factorial analysis considering the factors as principal components. According to the factorial analysis, Factor 1 (F1) and Factor 2 (F2)—F1 consisting of clay, Ca2+, Na+, sum of bases, and base saturation (V), and F2 consisting of cation exchange capacity (CEC), total organic carbon, macroporosity, particle density, K+, and microporosity—were essential to differentiate the environments. The cluster analysis formed four groups. The structural groups showed greater similarity, denoting the relationship between source material and land use, followed by the chemical groups P, K+, CEC, Ca2+, V, and pH for the Calciustolls; the structural weighted mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, soil aggregates larger than 2 mm, plasticity index, and plasticity limit for the Eutrustox; and the physical and chemical attributes EC, Na+, Silt, macroporosity, total calculated porosity, aluminum saturation, total sand, volumetric moisture, Mg2+ and particle density for the Haplustepts and the Usticfluvents. The clay fraction presented correlation with chemical attributes (F1) for the distinction of soil classes and land uses. The soil classes presented eutrophic character (V ≥ 50%) as a function of the Na+ and Ca2+ contents, including the Eutrustox (4NF), despite its lower contents when compared to the other soil classes. This is a local peculiarity due to the climatic pattern of the Brazilian semiarid region.

scholarly journals Application of PAC and flocculants for improving settling of solid particles in oilfield wastewater with high salinity and Ca2+

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1399-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoliang Liu ◽  
Fusheng Zhang ◽  
Yuanzhi Qu ◽  
He Liu ◽  
Lun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Particle Settling ◽  
High Calcium

The suspended solids in wastewater from Rekabak oilfield, Kazakhstan, were characterized and treated with flocculants to enhance settling. The wastewater contained a high concentration of total dissolved solids and calcium ion. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analyses showed that suspended solids were mainly composed of corrosion products (iron oxides) and silicon dioxide particles. Also, much salt deposition from wastewater caused a large increase in the suspended solids value. The settling of solid particles in wastewater was investigated by turbidity decrease within 60 min. The particle settling was enhanced by adding polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as coagulant and hydrolyzed polyacryamide (HPAM) or cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) as flocculant. At optimal dose, the particle settling ability with PAC and CPAM was better than that with PAC and HPAM. Particle size analysis showed that HPAM or CPAM with high molecular weight played an important role for enlarging the particle size. The experiments with simulated wastewater showed that particle settling by using HPAM deteriorated significantly compared to that by CPAM at high calcium ion. This study provides further understanding about the effect of high salinity and Ca2+ on solids formation, flocculant performance and particle settling. Meanwhile, the results are also helpful to develop novel flocculants used for high salinity wastewater.

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