A novel approach for the operational production of hybrid larch seeds under northern climatic conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Colas ◽  
Martin Perron ◽  
Denise Tousignant ◽  
Carol Parent ◽  
Monique Pelletier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Japanese Larch ◽  
Larix Kaempferi ◽  
Hybrid Larch ◽  
European Larch

Hybrid larch ([Larix × marschlinsii Coaz], HL) is sought after by the forest industry because of its growth characteristics, excellent wood quality and disease resistance. However, the difficulty in obtaining HL seeds limits the production of seedlings for reforestation. Both European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi [Lamb.] Carrière) produce few seeds and the time lag in their flowering phenology complicates their natural pollination. We have developed a novel type of sheltered seed orchard, dedicated to the production of HL seeds from grafts grown in pots. Inverting the arches of a conventional tunnel provides a sturdy structure which is easy to maintain. Because of its height, the tunnel can accommodate the rapid growth of the trees, which reduces the need for pruning. The tunnels are covered in the winter and spring. In the winter, the covers prevent snow accumulation. In the spring, they create a "greenhouse effect" inside the tunnels, accelerating flower development, preventing pollen contamination from trees outside the tunnels and protecting the flowers from late spring frosts. Over the past five years, flowering has been regular and abundant. Bagging the crowns for pollen harvest is cost-effective and yields large quantities of high quality pollen. Pollination operations are conducted using an electrostatic pistol. Because of the large number of available clones, large quantities of seeds with a high genetic variability can be produced at a competitive cost. In 2006, this seed orchard concept was implemented operationally at the Berthier forest nursery (Québec, Canada). Key words: Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi [Lamb.] Carrière), European larch (Larix decidua Mill.), seed production, electrostatic pollination, indoor seed orchard

scholarly journals Time since death and decay rate constants of Norway spruce and European larch deadwood in subalpine forests determined using dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1537-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Petrillo ◽  
Paolo Cherubini ◽  
Giulia Fravolini ◽  
Marco Marchetti ◽  
Judith Ascher-Jenull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Decay Rate ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Matrix Model ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
European Larch ◽  
14C Dating

Abstract. Due to the large size (e.g. sections of tree trunks) and highly heterogeneous spatial distribution of deadwood, the timescales involved in the coarse woody debris (CWD) decay of Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Larix decidua Mill. in Alpine forests are largely unknown. We investigated the CWD decay dynamics in an Alpine valley in Italy using the chronosequence approach and the five-decay class system that is based on a macromorphological assessment. For the decay classes 1–3, most of the dendrochronological samples were cross-dated to assess the time that had elapsed since tree death, but for decay classes 4 and 5 (poorly preserved tree rings) radiocarbon dating was used. In addition, density, cellulose, and lignin data were measured for the dated CWD. The decay rate constants for spruce and larch were estimated on the basis of the density loss using a single negative exponential model, a regression approach, and the stage-based matrix model. In the decay classes 1–3, the ages of the CWD were similar and varied between 1 and 54 years for spruce and 3 and 40 years for larch, with no significant differences between the classes; classes 1–3 are therefore not indicative of deadwood age. This seems to be due to a time lag between the death of a standing tree and its contact with the soil. We found distinct tree-species-specific differences in decay classes 4 and 5, with larch CWD reaching an average age of 210 years in class 5 and spruce only 77 years. The mean CWD rate constants were estimated to be in the range 0.018 to 0.022 y−1 for spruce and to about 0.012 y−1 for larch. Snapshot sampling (chronosequences) may overestimate the age and mean residence time of CWD. No sampling bias was, however, detectable using the stage-based matrix model. Cellulose and lignin time trends could be derived on the basis of the ages of the CWD. The half-lives for cellulose were 21 years for spruce and 50 years for larch. The half-life of lignin is considerably higher and may be more than 100 years in larch CWD. Consequently, the decay of Picea abies and Larix decidua is very low. Several uncertainties, however, remain: 14C dating of CWD from decay classes 4 and 5 and having a pre-bomb age is often difficult (large age range due to methodological constraints) and fall rates of both European larch and Norway spruce are missing.

scholarly journals Study results of pine and larch provenance trial in Serebryanoborsky experimental forest district

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
M.D. Merzlenko ◽  
◽  
P.G. Melnik ◽  
Yu.B. Glazunov ◽  
A.A. Kozhenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Japanese Larch ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Larix Kaempferi ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Southern Sakhalin ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Larch Species ◽  
Forest District

The results of the cultivation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the provenance trial in the Serebryanoborsky experimental forest district of the Institute of Forestry of the Russian Academy of Sciences are summarized. The silvicultural effect was assessed by a comprehensive indicator of the feasibility of introducing specific pine conventions. It was established that the use of pine seeds of exclusively local provenances cannot be considered justified. In the vast area of pine there are very remote populations of a local nature, the seed of which, when moved, can be successfully used to create highly productive artificial stands. The 68 year old geographical plantations of larch growth and production rates of 18 climotypes of 14 larch species were compared. These species are Polish larch (Larix polonica Racib.), European larch (Larix decidua Mill. f. Sudetica), Larix sukaczewii Dylis, Siberian larch (Larix sibirika Ledeb.), Larix cajanderi Mayr., Larix gmelinii Rupr., Larix Czekanovskii Szaf, Larix amurensis Kolesn., Olgan larch (Larix olgensis Henry), Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière), Larix kurilensis Maur., Larix principis Rupprechtii Maur., Larix potaninii Bat, American larch (Larix laricina (Duroi) K. Koch). Polish larch, Japanese larch, European larch and Olgan larch have the best growth rate results. Climotypes from Siberia and American larch showed worst results. Polish larch (812 m3/ha) and Japanese (804 m3/ha) larch from the Southern Sakhalin have the highest stem volume. The final estimations showed that the climotypes of Polish larch, European larch from Sudetes and Japanese larch from the Southern Sakhalin are suitable for introduction in the Moscow Region. The climotypes from the Far East, namely Larix amurensis Kolesn., Olgan larch and Larix kurilensis Maur., had positive silvicultural effect. The inland climotypes from Asia together with American larch showed negative results.

Ray properties in the stems of Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii) and Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Do Hoon Kim ◽  
Seong Hyun Kim ◽  
Jae Ik Jo ◽  
Jong Ho Kim ◽  
Byantara Darsan Purusatama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Japanese Larch ◽  
Larix Kaempferi ◽  
Dahurian Larch ◽  
Larch Wood ◽  
Ring Number

Abstract The radial variation of rays within the stems of Dahurian larch and Japanese larch growing in Korea was studied to obtain valuable information to identify the two species and determine wood quality. Uniseriate ray height, fusiform ray height, ray number, ray spacing, and epithelial cell number were investigated by optical microscopy. The heights of uniseriate and fusiform rays and epithelial cell numbers in Dahurian larch were lower than those in Japanese larch. Dahurian larch wood had greater ray number and ray spacing than Japanese larch wood. In both species, the heights of uniseriate and fusiform rays and epithelial cell number increased with increasing growth ring number but then stabilized from a certain growth ring number. However, ray number and ray spacing decreased with age but were stable toward the bark. There were significant differences in all ray properties between the two species. Furthermore, in both species, the number and spacing of rays showed a significant negative correlation with uniseriate ray height. The relationships between uniseriate and fusiform ray height, and between ray spacing and ray number were significantly positive. In conclusion, the results from this study provide basic information that can be used to identify these species, and the quality indices from ray properties will improve the effective utilization of the two woody species.

scholarly journals Quantitative evaluation of the pollination process of european larch (Larix decidua mill.) in seed orchard

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Križo ◽  
Branko Slobodník
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Tatra Mts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Different Parts

The pollination of European larch (<em>Larix decidua</em> MILL.) was investigated in the seed orchard Dolné Mlynárovo (Low Tatra Mts, Central Slovakia) during years 1991-1993. The pollen in the air was captured on horizontally and veritically placed microscopical glasses in different areas of the seed orchard. After the pollination period, ovules were isolated from the fermale strobili in order to find out the percentage of the pollinated ovules and number of the pollen grains per collecting apparatus. Approximately 140 pollen grains per square centimeter on average were captured on the vertically placed microscopical glasses in 1991, up to 400 in 1992, and only 40 in 1993. The most rapid course of the pollination was observed in 1991. Most pollen grains (in some cases more than 2,000 per square centimeter) were intercepted on the 5th and 7th day of observation and in next days the numbers of captured pollen were significantly lower. In 1992 the pollination period was much longer and more harmonious. This fact is probably associated with stable temperatures and small amount of precipitation (unlike to 1991). When comparing the number of pollen grains on horizontally placed microscopical glasses, approximately 25 pollen grains on average were captured in 1992, 6 in 1991, and only 2 per square centimeter in 1993. Days with the maximum numbers of intercepted pollen did correspond with the maximum values obtained from the vertically placed interceptive glasses. Almost all of analyzed ovules were pollinated in 1992 and up to 27 pollen grains were found on their pollen collecting apparatus in some extreme cases. In 1991 the situation was similar to 1992 (more than 85% ovules pollinated), but in 1993 only 40-85% ovules were pollinated (depending upon the grafted plants and different parts of the crowns) and only 1-3 pollel grains were found in the majority of pollinated ovules.

scholarly journals Results of a phenological study of the European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) growing in a mixed stand

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1239-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Bednářová ◽  
Kristýna Slovíková ◽  
Sabina Truparová ◽  
Lucie Merklová
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mixed Stand ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures

This paper presents an evaluation of the onset and duration of phenological stages of the European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) growing in a mixed stand in Drahanská vrchovina highlands. It covers the period of 2007–2010 and refers to results obtained in the preceding study period of 1991–2006. In individual years of this study, beginnings and durations of individual phenological stages differed in dependence on climatic conditions. Temperature requirements of European larch regarding the onset of individual phenological stages were evaluated on the base of sums of air temperatures above 0° C and of effective air temperatures higher than +5° C. Obtained results indicate that the onset and duration of spring phenological stages are dependent on air and soil temperatures already in the early spring. As far as the European larch is concerned, the breaking of buds is dependent on temperatures of air and soil; the corresponding correlation coefficients were R2 = 0. 8684 (y = −3.788x + 97.165) and R2 = 0.7627 (y = −6.667x + 101.88), respectively. The obtained results indicate that recently the onset of spring phenological stages occurred earlier and earlier in the study area of Drahanská vrchovina highlands and that their course was also shorter and shorter. In spring months, higher temperatures influence the phenological stage of flushing at most while in the autumn individual phenological stages occur later and later so that the growing season is longer and longer. This finding was corroborated by results of long-term studies.

scholarly journals Variability of cones and scale surface area of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Aniszewska ◽  
Sylwia Stadnik ◽  
Arkadiusz Gendek
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Fourth Degree ◽  
Long Stem ◽  
Empirical Coefficients ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract The article describes the shape of the cones of the european larch (Larix decidua Mill.) using the fourth degree polynomial fitting function. The material is from the seed orchard of the Barycz Forest District. The curves were used to calculate the area and volume of single cones. it was not possible to generalize the formulas to calculate the surface and volume of larch cones using the described method, due to the large variability of the empirical coefficients of the equations. Finally, to calculate the area and volume of the cones, the formula to determine the solid figure of a cone was used. A constant αs of 0.43 was introduced to the formula. Calculated volume values were compared to actual volumes measured with a water-filled burette. The mean surface area of the larch cones was calculated from the forming function and was 780 mm2, and the volume was 2434 mm3. the values calculated from the cone formulas after taking into account the αs and constants (0.68 and 0.53) were 783 mm2 and 2415 mm3, respectively. the outer and inner surfaces of the seed scales located in the central part of the larch cones were photographed using a Quanta 200 scanning microscope. Specific features of the scales were measured using the Multi Scan Base program. We found that the outer and inner surfaces of the larch scales, as with pine and fir, differed. On the outer side, scales are formed by thick-walled cells with visible, protruding trichomes. thin-walled cells with jagged cell walls are visible on the inside at the location of the wings and seeds. long stem cells, resembling threads, were observed on the surface of the scales, which are absent on pine and fir seed scales.

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