scholarly journals Interface and connection model in the railway traffic control system

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Juliusz Karolak
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Operating Rules ◽  
Control Circuits

The article presents a model of connection of ETCS application and classical base layer equipment. The model distinguishes three layers: physical, logic and data, which require different modelling techniques and at the same time must be consistent. The model will form the basis for the digital mapping in the Digital Twin of the ETCS application. Layer division is a natural way to represent the structure of a device and its operating rules. It allows a detailed and structured representation of the interfaces of a connection and then an analysis of the connection both with respect to the layer of interest and from the point of view of the interaction between features in the different layers. The S-interface of the LEU encoder of the ETCS is described, taking into account different solutions encountered in practice. The conditions of the connection between the LEU encoder and the environment form a description of one of the two boundaries between the ETCS application, i.e. the implemented ERTMS/ETCS on a specific area of the railway network, and the environment. A general connection model and definitions of a connection and an interface are presented. As an example, the electrical connection with signals transmitted through galvanic connections has been assumed to be typical for LEU encoder and track-side signalling control circuits found in base layer equipment. The physical layer is described in terms of physical parameters and their values. The parameters are divided into electrical (current, voltage and frequency) and mechanical ones (number of leads, conductor thickness, etc.). The values of the electrical parameters are expressed in terms of a uncountable set with defined limits. The logic layer was described in a vector-matrix form. Logic signals are assigned to electrical signals with specific physical parameters. The data layer contains information about the assignment of specific telegrams to specific electrical signals.

Functional tests of the ETCS and rail traffic control systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Paweł Drózd ◽  
Adam Rosiński
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Traffic Control Devices ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the issues of railway traffic control devices testing and focuses on European Train Control System (ETCS) devices widely implemented in railways. The functions of the ETCS system, principles of operation are described. The basic telegrams transmitted in the track-to-train relation are listed. The process of designing and verifying the implemented data and what parameters are checked at the stage of field tests using the locomotive is briefly described. The functional model of the SRK devices, including ETCS elements, was presented, and the close relationship between the base layer of the railway traffic control devices and the ETCS was shown. Equipment testing reduces the availability of the rail network, engages staff, and generates costs. A test generation method is presented to minimize the impact. Two indicators are proposed for reducing the set of checks, the cost of checking and the information effectiveness. The cost of checking due to the problematic estimate is generalized, divided into three groups taking into account the difficulty and resource consumption of bringing the devices to the initial state and their operation according to the test. Therefore, the obtained set of checks is suboptimal and ensures complete coverage of the functions with tests, which is essential when testing devices. The tests are carried out using available setting commands and the implementation of tasks - entry and exit routes at the station. The proposed method is universal and can be applied to any railway traffic control device, regardless of the manufacturing technology. It is a non-invasive method in the structure of the tested devices and does not require additional hardware resources.

scholarly journals Railroad Turnout Wear Diagnostics

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 6697
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kisilowski ◽  
Rafał Kowalik
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Normal Forces ◽  
System Solution ◽  
Railway Turnout

The article presents a few issues related to the technical condition of a railway turnout, an important element of the railway network where about 90% of railway accidents occur. In the first part of the article, the results of railway turnout wear are presented. A comparison of normal forces (in wheel–rail contact) in vehicle traffic on straight track without a turnout and normal forces occurring when a rail vehicle passes a turnout is presented. Then, turnout wear processes for selected speeds are presented. In the next part of the paper, the possibilities of using a vision system are presented, which, in combination with tools for image processing analysis, makes it possible to detect wear and distances between the key elements of a railway turnout. The main idea of the proposed online diagnostic system solution is to use the analysis of received images (photos) with the help of a vision system. The basic problem to be solved in the proposed system was to develop algorithms responsible for generating wear areas from high-resolution images. The algorithms created within the work were implemented and tested in the MATLAB software environment. The presented method is an original procedure for diagnosing turnout elements for each time instant. The proposed system is compatible with railway traffic control systems.

Editorial

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kochan
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Transportation Engineering ◽  
Process Standardization ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Automatic Driving ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Control Automation

Dear Readers, Six months ago, the idea of a special issue of the WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering dedicated to the current trend in the railway industry, which is generally referred to as "digitisation of railways", was conceived. Today we have a complete booklet consisting of eight articles dedicated to various aspects of Digital Railway. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the Authors who have put in the effort to prepare interesting articles. These works are, above all, an expression of passion for a digital view of the railway. Encouraging you to participate in this project, I wrote that the Polish railway is currently undergoing dynamic transformations, where one of the threads is the implementation, on the railway network, of traffic control devices made in computer technology on all important railway lines. They form a digital platform for the ERTMS system which, in addition to interoperability which is crucial for the development of Europe, will, thanks to the functionality of Automatic Train Control, enable further development of rail traffic control automation, contributing to a change in railway into a more effective, easily accessible and environmentally friendly means of transport for all. These words are still relevant, and the presented plans for the development of the Polish railway only confirm that they will not lose their relevance. In this issue of WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering we can find interesting articles devoted to the issue of the digital design of the railway traffic control system, in which the scope of the digitalization process, standardization of digital interfaces in these systems and automation of the creation of design documentation of the dependent devices are considered. You can also find a text devoted to the formal foundations of cyber security, which should be taken care of in the created ICT structures of railway traffic control. Another is a group of items devoted to technical solutions related to automatic driving of railway vehicles, including the ERTMS/ETCS system, for which I presented the concept of the Digital Twin in an article of my own authorship. These proposals are complemented by considerations including mathematical models allowing optimization of train movement with respect to selected criteria. Once again I would like to thank the authors for their efforts. I invite the readers to read and I promise that the subject of digital railways will appear more and more often in various versions, also in future issues of our periodical.

Development of the Train Traffic Regulation Method for “Rail Baltica” Line Based on the Implementation of the European Train Traffic Control Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Valentinovič ◽  
Henrikas Sivilevičius
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Traffic Regulation

This article focuses on analyzing the systems and methods used for the interval regulation of train movement on “Rail Baltica” line in “Lithuanian Railways”. The method discussed in the article can be viewed as a combination of several management automation solutions and it is based on the implementation of the European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS). As it is known, the ERTMS provides an interoperable European railway network. The primary objective is to improve the quality of train traffic and to make railway transport safer and more comfortable. In order to ensure new traffic prevision for Lithuanian Railways, new interval regulation methods and traction calculations must be used. This developed method is more useful than the previous methods as it allows to shape an efficiently automated and optimized scheduling process as well as to improve line capacity and efficiency. This paper proposes the development of a moving block train control system. The calculations were made using the intervals between trains. The interval and block-section borders are not fixed by traffic signs or traffic-lights. Instead, they move after the train in the front, creating a flexible interval regulation system. The results showed that the implementation of the method had a positive impact on the operators’ performance and allowed to reduce energy consumption and to increase the speeds of train movement. The paper also presents a statistical figure portraying railway accidents and railway operation accident reports before and after the implementation of the ERTMS. The results of the analysis showed that the implementation of the European Train Traffic control systems and the interval regulation of train movement method will provide high throughput and carrying capacity, traffic safety and also increase the productivity of operation procedures.

Digital standard interfaces in railway traffic control systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Paweł Wontorski ◽  
Magdalena Dzierżak
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Railway Infrastructure

The article presents the issue of digital standard interfaces of railway traffic control systems. The digitization and standardization of interfaces are digital rail elements, an essential feature of integrating various devices, facilities, and processes in one coherent system. The authors described the problems of connecting computer systems, starting from the interface's definition, including technical and functional aspects. Examples of interface types selected problems resulting from connecting incompatible devices and attempts to solve them are presented. It then provides background information on the project to develop a digital interface standard for selected rail traffic control systems. The project described in this article, under the name of "Standardization of selected interfaces of railway traffic control equipment and systems" POIR.04.01.01-00-0005/17, has been created as part of the BRIK (Research and Development in Railway Infrastructure) program and has been cofinanced both by the NCBiR (The National Centre for Research and Development), as well as the PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. (PKP PLK - Polish State Railways). The project's goal is to develop, through research, specifications, and requirements for interfaces used in railway traffic control systems, which will become a standard enabling linking of systems from different manufacturers. The project results will be dedicated to using on the railway network managed by PKP PLK (and potentially also by other infrastructure managers) and documentation containing descriptions of standards, guidelines for the application and design of these interfaces.

Modelling of exploitation process of the railway traffic control device

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Kornaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
External Interference ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Traffic Control System ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Traffic Control Devices

The basic purpose of railway traffic control devices is to ensure a high level of safety of moving trains on the railway network. The railway traffic control devices often work in difficult environmental conditions and are exposed to external interference. These circumstances require continuous analysis of the state of the railway traffic control system. With time, the system's technical condition deteriorates. When its technical condition is not satisfactory it is necessary to operate it and renew its state of use. The rational implementation of exploitation tasks of the railway traffic control system allows the introduction of mathematical modeling methods into exploitation tests. Using the mathematical model of the exploitation process of the railway traffic control system, it is possible to forecast e.g. reliability indicators of its individual objects. Knowledge of exploitation parameters should be used in making decisions in the process of managing the exploitation of the railway traffic control devices.

Investigating the role of Non-Technical Skills in Railway Traffic Operations through Expert Knowledge Elicitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
Iga Jarosz* ◽  
Julia Lo ◽  
Jan Lijs
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Knowledge Elicitation ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Nontechnical Skills ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
The One ◽  
Expert Classification

Many high-risk industries identify non-technical skills as safety-critical abilities of the operational staff that have a protective function against human fallibility. Based on an established non-technical skills classification system, methods for expert knowledge elicitation were used to describe non-technical skills in the specific context of train traffic control in the Netherlands. The findings offer insights regarding the skill importance for good operational outcomes, skill difficulty, categorization, and attitudes based on subject matter experts’ opinions. Substantial overlap between the employed non-technical skills framework and the observed expert classification was found, which might indicate that the experts utilize a mental model of nontechnical skills similar to the one used. Furthermore, considerations concerning the organizational culture and the attitudes towards change provide a promising outlook when introducing novel solutions to non-technical skill training and assessment.

scholarly journals THE PRIORITY OF INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT EXPRESSES IN THE OVERLAPPING SECTION OF RFC 7 AND RFC 9 KOLÍN - CESKA TREBOVA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Přemysl Šrámek ◽  
Tatiana Molková
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Critical Line ◽  
Railway Traffic

This article deals with the railway traffic control and railway traffic equipment in terms of implementation of TSI. The main goal is to research the optimal priority of international freight expresses, especially in the overlapping sections, which represent critical line sections of European freight corridors. This article shows this problem in the context in the overlapping section of RFC 7 and RFC 9 Kolín – Ceská Trebová. There are mentioned possibilities of using of ETCS and implementation of automatic train paths.

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