IN SEARCH OF A FINANCIAL PROTECTION MODEL FOR OLD AGE

2021 ◽  
Vol specjalny (XXI) ◽  
pp. 689-697
Author(s):  
Mirosław Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Working Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Financial Protection ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Old Age Security ◽  
Adopted Model

Discussions about the shortcomings of the pension system and its design raise the question of how to ensure a dignified life after working life. According to the currently adopted model of old age security, the responsibility is generally placed on the state and its structures. A number of questions arise in this context, in particular whether this is a rational approach from the point of view of its optimality, or whether the responsibility should not be distributed among various actors: public authorities, employers, employees or someone else.

scholarly journals Open Pension Funds in Poland: The Efects of the Pension Privatization Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-122
Author(s):  
Leokadia Oręziak
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Pension System ◽  
System Security ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Privatization Process

Abstract Since their establishment in 1999, the Open Pension Funds (OPFs) have comprised a mandatory capital pillar in the pension system of Poland. The paper`s objective is to analyze the principles under which the OPFs function and assess their past and anticipated future impact on the state of the country's public fnances, particularly on the public debt. The analysis also considers the past and potential effects of the OPFs existence from the point of view of future levels of old-age pension. The studies are targeted at determining the threats connected with further maintenance of the OPFs from the point of view of both public fnance stability and pension system security.

LEGAL REGULATION DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY IN THE SYSTEM OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Davydova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Financial Autonomy ◽  
Socialist State ◽  
Delegation Of Authority ◽  
Delegation Of Powers

Delegation of authority itself, as an element of the system of relations in the sphere of local self-government, is one of the most difficult, since the completeness of the competences of local self-government bodies and their resource provision occupy a central place in the scientific discourse on this issue. The legal and organizational support of delegation is also unstable today from the point of view of the completeness of the mechanisms of administrative and legal regulation of this direction of the implementation of the right to self- government by communities. In the context of the administrative reform, the consolidation of administrative-territorial units, the stimulation of the creation of united territorial communities, the question of finding the most optimal model for organizing delegation, as a process of redistribution of powers, acquires particular relevance and importance. The aim of the research is to study the formation of legal regulation of delegation of powers in the system of local self- government in Ukraine. The article defines the content of legal regulation, which is characterized by such elements as form, subject and methods. Review that the forms of legal regulation are normative legal acts adopted according to the procedures by authorized public authorities, the subject of regulation of which is the process of delegation of powers in the local self-government system. The author revealed that the idea of local self-government, provides for the decentralization of power, organizational and financial autonomy of self- government bodies, contradicted the doctrine of the socialist state, as well as the task of the state of the proletarian dictatorship, was centralized by nature. It has been substantiated that the adoption of the Law of Ukraine dated May 21, 1997 No. 280/97-ВР "On local self-government in Ukraine" became a decisive step towards creating a system of local self-government in Ukraine, effective organizational and legal support for the delegation of powers in the local self- government system. By means of retrospective analysis, it was determined that the idea of local self-government, provides for the decentralization of power, organizational and financial autonomy of self-government bodies, contradicted the doctrine of the socialist state, as well as the task of the state of the proletarian dictatorship, was centralized by nature.

scholarly journals Holy Synod and Political Crisis of Interregnum

2020 ◽  
pp. 340-358
Author(s):  
M. S. Belousov ◽  
T. V. Lebenkova
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
State Apparatus

The features of the development of the dynastic crisis of the interregnum of 1825 through the prism of the functioning of one of the key public authorities - the Holy Synod is discussed in the article. An analysis of the literature allows us to conclude that in modern historiography, the events of the oath to Grand Duke Konstantin received conflicting estimates. It is noted that as a result there were several interpretative schemes of what happened in the capital on November 27. An appeal to the workflow of the Synod makes it possible to assert that from the point of view of the logic of the functioning of the state apparatus, a coup d’etat took place. An analysis of everyday activities, the key bureaucratic formulas in the protocols leads to the conclusion that the bureaucratic reaction to the oath to Konstantin did not correspond to the established traditions and was distinguished by haste and internal contradictions. This was reflected primarily in the decisions of November 27: the Synod decides on the oath, relying on oral reports from the synodal members, but the next day duplicates its own decision, referring to the jurisdiction of the Senate. Moreover, a comparison with the events of December 12-14 shows that the accession to the throne of Nikolai Pavlovich was carried out in accordance with the order established in the previous century and was distinguished by deliberate legal accuracy and consistency.

scholarly journals The Application of Gamification in Public Administration (the Technological Potential)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Averin ◽  
◽  
Irina V. Pogodina ◽  
Danila A. Avdeev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Governance Processes

Governments are showing an interest in, or incorporating, gamification into their governance processes and/or services to citizens. The article describes the concept of gamification, examines its potential from the point of view of using elements of the game in public administration, for example, on the websites of authorities and special platforms, as well as in offline mode. The conclusion is made about the goals of introducing gamification into the practice of public authorities. The state administration can not only be the author of these projects, but also assist civil society institutions (public associations, citizens) in their development.

scholarly journals THE PENSION SYSTEM REFORM IN GEORGIA: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES

2018 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
MIRZA KHIDASHELI ◽  
NIKOLOZ CHIKHLADZE
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
The State ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
State Budget

The study showed that reform is effective for young people, whose total duration of participation in the pension scheme is 40 years. In this case, the pension scheme provides a high replacement rate, which is not possible for persons whose participation in the pension scheme is not more than 20 years. An obstacle remains the pressure of the pension system on the State budget. Despite the establishment of a funded pension system, the old-age pension still remains accessible to participants of the scheme, which, as noted by the authors of the reform, by 2030, will have a significant share in the structure of the State budget spending.

scholarly journals The South African pension system

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Møller
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Real Income ◽  
The South ◽  
Old Age Security ◽  
Social Pension ◽  
African Journal

A. Sagner. 1998. The 1944 Pension Laws Amendment Bill: old-age security policy in South Africa in historical perspective, ca. 1920–1960. Southern African Journal of Gerontology7, 1, 10–14.S. van der Berg. 1998. Ageing, public finance and social security in South Africa. Southern African Journal of Gerontology7, 1, 3–9.The latest issue of Southern African Journal of Gerontology traces the origins of the South African social pensions system and addresses contemporary issues. In her editorial, Monica Ferreira (1998) notes that South Africa is one of only two countries in Africa that operates a social old-age system. Although the value of the South African social pension system is low in terms of real income (R490 in July 1998 – approximately US$100), the pension is generous in comparison with other developing countries. The take-up rate of the pension is virtually 90 per cent in the case of Africans, who historically were the most disadvantaged group under apartheid.

Konstitutionenökonomische Bewertung eines Systemwechsels im deutschen Rentenversicherungssystem

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Streibel
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Economic Justice ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Pension ◽  
Constitutional Economics ◽  
Veil Of Ignorance ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Public Pension System

AbstractMany Economists have pointed out that capital-funded pension systems are superior to pay-as-you-go-financed systems of old-age insurance; different proposals for reforming the German pay-as-you-go pension system have been presented. Although the necessity of a fundamental reform is almost common sense, consequent changes are regularly rejected by referring to lacks of economic justice. This paper analyses, what kind of reform serves justice from a constitutional economics point of view. Criteria are developed, which individuals behind a veil of ignorance would agree on and which therefore should be met by any reform proposal. Using these criteria, three prominent proposals for reforming the German public pension system are analysed.

The Proposed Old Age Security Act of the State of New York

1930 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-221
Author(s):  
Seabury C. Mastick
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Old Age ◽  
The State ◽  
Old Age Security

scholarly journals Public–private pension mixes in East Asia: institutional diversity and policy implications for old-age security

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Yang Yeh ◽  
Hyunwook Cheng ◽  
Shih-Jiunn Shi
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Pension System ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Private Pension ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Private Pensions ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Old Age Security

AbstractPrevious studies of East Asian welfare regimes focus on similarities between social security schemes. In contrast, this paper explores cross-national variations in public–private pension mixes in six welfare states: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. Our research echoes the pension policy analysis of international organisations but takes a step forward with emphasis on the historical and institutional characteristics of the respective pension systems. The analysis identifies three institutional patterns. First, the statist pension system (Taiwan and China) primarily relies on public pensions to provide old-age security, with private pensions playing a rather minor role. Second, in the dualist pension system (Japan and Korea) both public and private pensions work in parallel to ensure retirement income, though a clear security gap exists between workers in the formal and informal economies. Finally, the individualist pension system (Hong Kong and Singapore) is characterised by genuine fully funded individual accounts, emphasising citizens’ own responsibilities for ensuring old-age security. These three types of pension systems demonstrate distinct institutional characteristics and policy outcomes, illustrated by the juxtaposition of their institutional structures as well as by the comparison of key indicators collected from government reports and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development statistics. The paper concludes with a theoretical reflection of East Asian pension policies and a diagnosis of the distinct challenges confronted by each of the various pension patterns.

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