From Bali to America: Teachers and Transitions

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Clendinning
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
American Universities ◽  
Balinese Gamelan ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Central Case ◽  
The 1960S

The chapter examines how the earliest generation of Balinese American teachers (born from the 1940s to the 1960s) were educated and how their experiences eventually brought them to work long-term in North America. Its central case study is Balinese gamelan teacher I Made Lasmawan, whose formal and informal educational experiences are contextualized within broader institutional structures and historical events that brought foreign musician-scholars to teach in American universities. The chapter concludes that musical and pedagogical lineages created by such teachers both reflect and embody systematic developments in the building of transnational musical lineages and performing and academic ecosystems.

FROM LONG-TERM PATTERNS OF SEASONAL HUNGER TO CHANGING EXPERIENCES OF EVERYDAY POVERTY: NORTHEASTERN GHANA C. 1930–2000

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÉRÔME DESTOMBES
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
West African ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
John Hunter ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Way

This article is a West African case-study of the nutritional history of everyday poverty. It draws on unusually rich statistical evidence collected in northeastern Ghana. In the 1930s, pioneer colonial surveys revealed that seasonal poor diet was pervasive, by contrast with undernourishment. They pave the way for constructing a new set of anthropometric data in Nangodi, a savanna polity where John Hunter completed a classic study of seasonal hunger in the 1960s. A re-survey of the same sections and lineages c. 2000, during a full agricultural cycle, shows a significant improvement in nutritional statuses, notably for women.

scholarly journals The 1960s Drought and the Subsequent Shift to a Wetter Climate in the Catskill Mountains Region of the New York City Watershed*

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 6721-6742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Seager ◽  
Neil Pederson ◽  
Yochanan Kushnir ◽  
Jennifer Nakamura ◽  
Stephanie Jurburg
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
North America ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
York City ◽  
Catskill Mountains ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract The precipitation history over the last century in the Catskill Mountains region that supplies water to New York City is studied. A severe drought occurred in the early to mid-1960s followed by a wet period that continues. Interannual variability of precipitation in the region is related to patterns of atmospheric circulation variability in the midlatitude east Pacific–North America–west Atlantic sector with no link to the tropics. Associated SST variations in the Atlantic are consistent with being forced by the anomalous atmospheric flow rather than being causal. In winter and spring the 1960s drought was associated with a low pressure anomaly over the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean and northerly subsiding flow over the greater Catskills region that would likely suppress precipitation. The cold SSTs offshore during the drought are consistent with atmospheric forcing of the ocean. The subsequent wet period was associated with high pressure anomalies over the Atlantic Ocean and ascending southerly flow over eastern North America favoring increased precipitation and a strengthening of the Northern Hemisphere storm track. Neither the drought nor the subsequent pluvial are simulated in sea surface temperature–forced atmosphere GCMs. The long-term wetting is also not simulated as a response to changes in radiative forcing by coupled models. It is concluded that past precipitation variability in the region, including the drought and pluvial, were most likely caused by internal atmospheric variability. Such events are unpredictable and a drought like the 1960s one could return while the long-term wetting trend need not continue—conclusions that have implications for management of New York City’s water resources.

scholarly journals Tradition and Innovation in an Ultra-Orthodox Community: The Hasidim Of Outremont

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randal F. Schnoor
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Residential Neighbourhood

Like other insular religious movements such as Hutterites and Amish, Hasidic communities are faced with the challenge of preserving their distinctive ideals in a technologically advanced, capitalist world. Studies done in the 1960s and 1970s documented the success of Hasidim in safeguarding their convictions and creating well-functioning communities in contemporary North America. Recent evidence has demonstrated, however, that unprecedented growth rates are presenting significant challenges to Hasidim trying to sustain their way of life. Focusing on a case-study of the Hasidic community of Outremont, a residential neighbourhood in central Montreal, this paper outlines the social and economic challenges facing the community and argues that, while some important changes have been implemented, there is a need to modify survival strategies further in order to maintain community viability.

scholarly journals Merchant Capital, the State, and Labour in a British Colony: Servant-Master Relations and Capital Accumulation in Newfoundland’s Northeast-Coast Fishery, 1775-1799

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean T. Cadigan
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
British Colony ◽  
Merchant Capital

Abstract This paper uses a case study of class struggle in the late-eighteenth-century Newfoundland fishery to examine the relationship between merchant capital and the employment of wage labour in staple production in early colonial development. Using a modified version of the staple model which emphasises the role of the class relations and institutional structures of staple industries on long-term development, it finds that British regulation of wages to protect the migratory fishery stymied the extensive employment of wage labour by resident planters. Evidence drawn from court records suggests that fishing servants used the law to prevent erosion of wages due from planters at the end of a fishing season by ignoring mandatory preseason contracts or account overcharges. Servants enjoyed less, but still formidable, success in winning suits brought about by masters for neglect. By using wage law beyond the intentions of its British makers, servants forced planters increasingly to rely on family labour rather than wage labour. The struggles of wage labourers with their employers, rather than merchant conservatism as such, contributed to Newfoundland's long-term domination by merchant truck with fishing families.

Is there an ‘agro-town’ model for Southern Italy? Exploring the diverse roots and development of the agro-town structure through a comparative case study in Apulia

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL CURTIS
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Dynamic Economy ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Institutional Origins

Large, concentrated settlements known as ‘agro-towns’ abound across Southern Italy and other parts of the Mediterranean. The prevalence and persistence of these settlements are very curious but not yet well understood. Initially, scholars interpreted their development as stemming from Southern Italy's economic and social ‘backwardness’ and inequality. This view has now been challenged by scholarship which emphasises that the pre-industrial Mezzogiorno supported not only a dynamic economy but also a diverse array of institutional structures. By recourse to a comparative study within Apulia, this paper suggests that both interpretations are equally correct. ‘Agro-towns’ in Southern Italy were linked to the inequitable distribution of land, perpetuated over the long term, but the institutional origins of this inequality were both diverse and dynamic.

The Foreign Policies of Small States: Challenging Neorealism in Its Own Backyard

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Fendius Elman
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Small States ◽  
Institutional Formation ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The Us ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Distribution Of Power

The received wisdom in international relations suggests that we can best account for the foreign policies of small states by examining structural/systemic rather than domestic level factors. This article challenges this scholarly consensus. The distribution of power and the balance of threat do influence domestic institutional formation and change in emerging states. However, the subsequent military strategies of these weak states are likely to reflect such domestic institutional choices in a number of important and predictable ways. The article tests this argument against pre-1900 US domestic regime change and foreign security policy. The historical evidence suggests that while international preconditions were critically linked to constitutional reform, the institutional structures and rules of democratic presidentialism affected both the timing and substance of US military strategies in later periods. The US case study provides a springboard for speculating on the international context of democratization in Eastern Europe and the long-term foreign-policy consequences of this domestic regime choice.

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