scholarly journals Biotic Relations Between Pathogenic Leptospires And Green Algae

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Olexandr Hulai ◽  
Vitalii Hulai ◽  
Nataliia Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Model Object ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Intraspecific Structure ◽  
Waterborne Transmission ◽  
And Control

Leptospira interrogans spirochetes belong to a group of pathogens of particularly dangerous infections that cause leptospirosis in many species of wild, farm and domestic animals, as well as humans. Significant economic damage caused by this disease to livestock around the world, numerous cases of death from leptospirosis, and mainly waterborne transmission of the infection determine the topicality of studying all the aspects of the existence of L. interrogans in freshwater ecosystems. The objective of our study was to determine the nature of ecological relationships between L. interrogans and green algae. We used green algae of the Desmodesmus brasiliensis species as a model object. In the experiments, sterile algae culture filtrates were added to L. interrogans containers grown at 27–28 °C. Comparison of the content of spirochete cells in the experiment and control samples, conducted 24 hours after exposure, showed that the reproduction of L. interrogans is markedly inhibited in the samples containing algae secretions at the dilutions of 1:10 and 1:100. In order to reduce resistance to the allelopathic influence of D. brasiliensis algae, leptospira strains were located as follows: Pomona, Australis, Hebdomadis, Canicola, Sejroe, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Tarassovi. The obtained results indicate a complex intraspecific structure of L. interrogans and their high ecological plasticity. In addition, experimental data indicate that, due to the release of biologically active substances into the aquatic environment, green algae have the potential to affect the dynamics of a number of leptospirosis pathogens in situ. Given the important epidemiological and epizootic significance of pathogenic leptospira, further research is necessary to determine the patterns of their interactions and existence in the environment.

scholarly journals Experimental ecological research on the relationships of pathogenic microorganisms with algae

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorskyi ◽  
N. Tkachuk ◽  
O. Hulai ◽  
V. Hulai
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
And Control ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Control Samples

Aim. The ecological relationships between Leptospira interrogans spirochetes and Chlamydomonas proteus algae and the response explicitness of individual serological types of leptospires to the allelopathic effect of algae were to be investigated during the experiment. Methods. C. proteus algae monocultures were cultivated on the Fitzgerald’s medium in the Zehnder and Gorham’s modifi cation. Sterile fi ltrates of their cultures were diluted with the nutrient medium in the ratio of 1 : 10, 1 : 100, 1 : 1,000, 1 : 10,000. Leptospires were cultivated on the Terskih and Korthof’s medium with the addition of 10 % inactivated sheep blood serum. The test samples contained diluted culture fi ltrates of algae and leptospires. The control samples were the environment for algae and leptospires cultivation. Results. In the samples with the 1 : 10 – 1 : 100 dilution of algae fi ltrates, the content of leptospires in the test samples was signifi cantly lower than in the control samples, indicating their moderate and weak inhibition. There were no statistically signifi cant differences between spirochete culture densities in the test and control samples with the dilutions of 1 : 1,000–1 : 10,000 algae fi ltrates. Conclusions. In the experiment, a topical type of ecological interspecies relationships is formed between L. interrogans and green species of C. proteus algae, which is realized through the release of biologically active substances into the habitat by C. proteus. According to the increasing sensitivity to the allelopathic effect of C. proteus, serological types of leptospires formed a row: Tarassovi, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Grippotyphosa, Australis, Sejroe, Canicola, Hebdomadis.

Invasive Shot Hole Borers Euwallacea fornicatus, E. kuroshio, and E. perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Demian F. Gomez ◽  
Jiri Hulcr ◽  
Daniel Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Invasive species, those that are nonnative and cause economic damage, are one of the main threats to ecosystems around the world. Ambrosia beetles are some of the most common invasive insects. Currently, severe economic impacts have been increasingly reported for all the invasive shot hole borers in South Africa, California, Israel, and throughout Asia. This 7-page fact sheet written by Demian F. Gomez, Jiri Hulcr, and Daniel Carrillo and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation describes shot hole borers and their biology and hosts and lists some strategies for prevention and control of these pests. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr422

Experimental Study of the Impact of Alisma plantago-aquatica Secretions on Pathogenic Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorskyy ◽  
O. Hulay
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Popula Tions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To estimate the impact of in vivo secretions of water plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica) on the popula- tions of pathogenic bacteria Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Methods. The plants were isolated from their natural conditions, the roots were washed from the substrate residues and cultivated in laboratory conditions for 10 days to heal the damage. Then the water was changed; seven days later the selected samples were sterilized using fi lters with 0.2 μm pore diameter. The dilution of water plantain root diffusates in the experimental samples was 1:10–1:10,000. The initial density of E. rhusiopathiae bacteria populations was the same for both experimental and control samples. The estimation of the results was conducted 48 hours later. Results. When the dilution of root diffusates was 1:10, the density of erysipelothrixes in the experimental samples was 11.26 times higher than that of the control, on average, the dilution of 1:100 − 6.16 times higher, 1:1000 – 3.22 times higher, 1:10,000 – 1.81 times higher, respectively. Conclusions. The plants of A. plantago-aquatica species are capable of affecting the populations of E. rhusiopathiae pathogenic bacteria via the secretion of biologically active substances into the environment. The consequences of this interaction are positive for the abovementioned bacteria, which is demon- strated by the increase in the density of their populations in the experiment compared to the control. The intensity of the stimulating effect on the populations of E. rhusiopathiae in the root diffusates of A. plantago-aquatica is re- ciprocally dependent on the degree of their dilution. The investigated impact of water plantain on erysipelothrixes should be related to the topical type of biocenotic connections, the formation of which between the test species in the ecosystems might promote maintaining the potential of natural focus of rabies. Keywords: Alisma plantago-aquatica, in vivo secretions, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, population density, topical type of connections.

Changes in the Population Density of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Response to the Allelopathic Effect of Thypha Latifolia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorskiy ◽  
O. Gulay ◽  
V. Gulay ◽  
N. Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Samples

Aim. To determine the response of the populations of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and Leptospira interrogans pathogenic microorganisms to the impact of broadleaf cattail (Thypha latifolia) root diffusates. Methods. Aqueous solutions of T. latifolia root diffusates were sterilized by vacuum fi ltration through the fi lters with 0.2-micron pore diameter. The experimental samples contained cattail secretions, sterile water, and cultures of E. rhusiopathiae or L. interrogans. The same amount of sterile water, as in the experimental samples, was used for the purpose of control, and the same quantity of microbial cultures was added in it. After exposure, the density of cells in the experimental and control samples was determined. Results. Root diffusates of T. latifolia caused an increase in cell density in the populations of E. rhusiopathiae throughout the whole range of the studied dilutions (1:10–1:10000). In the populations of the 6 studied serological variants of L. interrogans spirochetes (pomona, grippotyphosa, copenhageni, kabura, tarassovi, canicola), the action of broadleaf cattail root diffusates caused the decrease in cell density. A stimulatory effect was marked in the experimental samples of the pollonica serological variant of leptospira. Conclusions. The populations of E. rhusiopathiae and L. interrogans pathogenic microorganisms respond to the allelopathic effect of Thypha latifolia by changing the cell density. The obtained results provide the background to assume that broadleaf cattail thickets create favorable conditions for the existence of E. rhusiopathiae pathogen bacteria. The reduced cell density of L. interrogans in the experimental samples compared to the control samples observed under the infl uence of T. latifolia root diffusates suggests that reservoirs with broadleaf cattail thickets are marked by the unfavorable conditions for the existence of pathogenic leptospira (except L. pollonica).

Methylation of Arsenic by Freshwater Green Algae

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1254-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Baker ◽  
P. T. S. Wong ◽  
Y. K. Chau ◽  
C. I. Mayfield ◽  
W. E. Inniss
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Arsenic Compounds ◽  
Methylarsonic Acid

Isolates from four genera of freshwater green algae were capable of methylating sodium arsenite in lake water and Bold's basal medium. Analysis of the liquid phase of the methylation flasks revealed the presence of methylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, and trimethylarsine oxide. Volatile arsine and methylarsines were not detected in the headspace gases presumably because of the inability of the algae to reduce completely the methylated–arsenic species. Although the algae varied with respect to their methylating abilities, the levels of methylated–arsenic compounds were always significantly higher when the algae were grown in lake water. This may have been due to the lower phosphate concentration in the lake water. We suggest that arsenic methylation by green algae constitutes an additional source for the formation and cycling of organo-arsenic compounds in freshwater ecosystems.

Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Cyclospora and Their Impact on Foods: A Review

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1059-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAN B. ROSE ◽  
THERESA R. SLIFKO
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Waterborne Transmission ◽  
And Control

While the risk from pathogenic microorganisms in foods has been recognized for hundreds of years, bacterial agents are generally implicated as the contaminants. Although many outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by protozoan pathogens have occurred, it is only in the last 3 years that attention has focused on protozoan association with foodborne transmission. Recognized as waterborne parasites, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Cyclospora have now been associated with several food-borne outbreaks. The oocysts and cysts of these organisms can persist and survive for long periods of time both in water and on foods. While Cyclospora oocysts require a maturation period, Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts are immediately infectious upon excretion from the previous host. As a result, these parasites have emerged as public health risks and have become a concern to the food industry. More than 200 cases of foodborne giardiasis (seven outbreaks) were reported from 1979 to 1990. Four foodborne Cryptosporidium outbreaks (with a total of 252 cases) have been documented since 1993. Cyclospora caused a series of sporadic outbreaks of cyclosporasis throughout North America that have affected over 3,038 people since 1995. Control and prevention of protozoan foodborne disease depends upon our ability to prevent, remove, or kill protozoan contaminants. This review will address the biology, foodborne and waterborne transmission, survival, and methods for detection and control of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Cyclospora.

scholarly journals PHARMACEUTICAL POTENTIAL OF LABORATORY GROWN CULTURES OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND FUTURE POSSIBILITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-571
Author(s):  
Ritu Chauhan ◽  
◽  
Abhishek Chauhan ◽  
Ashutosh Tripathi ◽  
Anuj Ranjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Algal Group ◽  
Diverse Application

COVID-19 pandemic has taught the world researchers the urgent need for new sources and novel pharmaceuticals not only for existing diseases but also for both seasonal epidemics and future pandemics. Pharmaceutical drug discoveries for the past fifty years depended deeply on the procedure of empirical transmission of a huge number of pure bioactive compounds to provide new leads. The screening of extracts or isolating compounds is a common way to discover novel biologically active molecules. Most of the valuable Blue-Green algal metabolites are concentrated in their biomass. For existence in nature, Blue-Green algae (BGA) secrete and contain various organic substances like proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, pigments, primary and secondary metabolites, and these compounds are explored for potential biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral (including the anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19), anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, protease inhibitory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, etc. Due to their diverse application, pharmaceutical companies have shown commercial interest in the Blue-green algal group for the discovery and development of novel molecules to combat deadly diseases for the benefit of society and mankind. The current review paper highlights and discusses the diverse pharmaceutical potential of laboratory-grown cultures of BGA along with comprehensive and current knowledge on bioactive compounds discovered by researchers globally.

The influence of enzyme therapy with adaptogens when candidiasis on blood parameters, increase the livability and meat productivity of geese

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
R. T. Mannapova ◽  
R. R. Shaikhulov ◽  
A. G. Mannapov
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Enzyme Therapy ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Effective Prevention

It has been established that in propolis, which is a biologically active product of beekeeping contains several dozen compounds, trace elements and vitamins. It contains most of the compounds of flavonoid and terpenoid nature, phytoncides, unsaturated aromatic acids, trace elements: copper, cobalt, potassium, sodium, manganese, zinc, calcium, barium, titanium, nickel, chromium, vanadium, tin, vitamins (A, B, C, E, PP), glucose, fructose, cinnamon alcohol. This composition provides a favorable complex effect of propolis on the body: bactericidal and virusocidal (kills bacteria and viruses), bacteriostatic (slows their growth), regenerative (restoring tissues, heals wounds) and fungicidal (kills fungi). The main therapeutic effect in this biologically active beekeeping product is provided by ferulic, caffeic and benzoic acids, galantine, chrysin, isalpine, pinocebrin. They are combined with trace elements and vitamins, as well as probiotics and prebiotics, which provide the greatest therapeutic effect. This circumstance is important for fungal diseases of poultry and especially for candidiasis. Geese candidiasis has been causing great economic damage to poultry farming all over the world in recent decades. The search for effective prevention measures and therapies remains an unsolved problem to date. The data on the development of reactions basophils, pseudoeosinophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes on the background of candidiasis and their enzyme adaptogens: probiotic and propolis for traditional microbiotheria is not effective and does not contribute to the restoration of cytological reactions and meat production of poultry have been presented in the article. At the same time as shown by our studies in farms affected by candidiasis geese timely application of enzyme therapy on a background of immune propolis and propitiatory not only contributes to the full restoration of all biological indicators, but more intense live weight gain of poultry and improve the livability of their livestock. This underlines the importance of taking measures to prevent candidiasis in goose farms, together with good conditions for feeding and housing poultry.

BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE COAST MOLE, SCAPANUS ORARIUS ORARIUS TRUE, IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Glendenning
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Economic Control ◽  
River Flood ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fraser Valley ◽  
Old Females

Coast moles were studied and trapped from 1935 to 1945 at Agassiz, British Columbia. They cause economic damage in the lower Fraser Valley by injuring growing crops and by covering up to 15 per cent of the surface of a field with their hills.The moles ate almost any arthropod, annelid, or molluscan that they captured, but earthworms comprised 93 per cent of the stomach contents. Adults ate nearly twice their weight in earthworms daily, or 100–150 grams, representing more than 100 worms. The populations of moles apparently varied in proportion to those of the earthworms.The moles mated from January to early March. The young were born in March or April. Yearling females had two embryos; 2-year-old females had three; and mature females had four. Of 940 trapped during the winters, 45 per cent were over 1, and 6 per cent were over 3 years old. The average weight of mature 74 males was 74.3 ± 5.6 grams; the average weight of 30 mature females was 69.8 ± 4.1 grams.Natural control was ineffective. The disastrous Fraser River flood of 1948 lowered the numbers significantly, but recovery was rapid.Artificial controls tested included: poisons, caustic irritants, explosives, flooding, earthworm poisons, combinations of chemical fertilizers and irrigations, mechanical and chemical barriers, commercial mole destroyers, poison gases, deterrents, and traps. Only the last two were of value; crude flake naphthalene was a deterrent, and the scissors type was the most effective trap. In heavy infestations as many as three moles per man-hour were trapped. Naphthalene was expensive but protected small plots for up to 6 weeks. For economic control by trapping an area of 300 to 500 acres should be trapped in one season. Smaller areas are quickly reinfested, since the moles travel up to 1 mile.

scholarly journals Porcine pleuropneumonia: the first evaluation of field efficacy of a subunit vaccine in Croatia

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Habrun ◽  
V. Bilič ◽  
Ž. Cvetnič ◽  
A. Humski ◽  
M. Benič
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Porcine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fattening Pigs

A vaccine for porcine pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was studied in Croatia on a farm infected by agent serotypes 2 and 9. Vaccination with a commercial subunit vaccine was initiated in the second half of 1998 due to the immense economic damage caused on the farm by this disease. All prefattening and fattening pigs kept on the farm during the first three months of 1999 were allocated in two groups: vaccinated and control. In the control and vaccinated group, 226 and 35 animals (5.78% and 0.96% of the average number of prefattening and fattening pigs in control and vaccinated group), respectively, died from pleuropneumonia. The vaccine efficacy was 83.5%. Examination of the randomly selected lungs on the slaughter line revealed significant reduction in the lesions specific for the chronic form of pleuropneumonia in the vaccinated group (vaccine efficacy 78.6%). The tested vaccine significantly decreased the death rate and pulmonary lesions due to A. pleuropneumoniae.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document