scholarly journals The Effect of Eight Weeks of Endurance Training with Saffron on miR133bFC, miR29aFC in the Hippocampus Tissue and Depression in Rats with Alzheimer’s Disease

Author(s):  
Zahra Negarandeh ◽  
Khalid Mohamadzadeh Salamat ◽  
Seyed Ali Hosseini

Background: Recent studies indicate that deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) expression is associated with neurological and cognitive disorders, but physical activity and medicinal plants have favorable effects on physiological and psychological factors in these patients. Objectives: Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training (ET) with saffron (S) on miR133bFC, miR29aFC in the hippocampus tissue and depression of rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Forty AD rats with the mean age of eight weeks and mean weight of 250 ± 30.65 g were randomly divided into five groups of eight rats including: (1) control (C), (2) ET, (3) ET + S, (4) S, and (5) sham (normal saline) (Sh). During eight weeks, groups 2 and 3 ran on a treadmill for three sessions per week, each session lasting for 15 - 30 minutes, at a speed of 20 - 15 m/min, and groups 3 and 4 received 25 mg/kg daily aqueous extract of S peritoneally. Depression was evaluated by the forced swim test. Results: The levels of miR29aFC were higher in the ET + S group than in the C (P = 0.002), Sh (P = 0.003), ET (P = 0.003), and S (P = 0.001) groups. The levels of miR133bFC in the S (P = 0.02) and ET (P = 0.005) groups were lower than the C group. The mobility time in the ET (P = 0.001), S (P = 0.001), and ET + S (P = 0.001) groups was higher than the C group; in the ET + S group, the mobility time was higher than in the ET (P = 0.001) and S (P = 0.001) groups, and in the S group the mobility time was higher than in the ET group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: It seems that ET and S administration alone do not have favorable effects on miR29aFC and miR133bFC expression levels, but both can decrease depression; however, the simultaneous administration S and ET has interactive effects on improving miR29aFC expression and reducing depression.

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2811-2819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingxu Yan ◽  
Mengjie Xu ◽  
Bo Wu ◽  
Zhengzheng Liao ◽  
Zhi Liu ◽  
...  

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., as a Chinese functional food, has been widely used in neurological disorders including insomnia and Alzheimer's disease.


2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Rozzini ◽  
Barbara Vicini Chilovi ◽  
Marta Conti ◽  
Erik Bertoletti ◽  
Marina Zanetti ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTBackground: This study examines the joint effect on cognition of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) in depressed patients affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) living at home.Methods: The study was conducted in two different outpatient neurological clinics. 338 patients with probable AD were treated with ChEis (donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine) as per the clinician's judgment and were observed for nine months. At study entry, participants underwent a multidimensional assessment evaluating cognitive, functional and psychobehavioral domains. All patients were evaluated at baseline, after one (T1), three (T2) and nine months (T3). Patients were grouped in three different categories (patients not depressed and not treated with SSRIs, patients depressed and treated with SSRIs, and patients depressed but not treated with SSRIs).Results: At baseline 182 were diagnosed as not depressed and not treated with SSRIs, 66 as depressed and treated with SSRIs, and 90 as depressed but not treated with SSRIs. The mean change in MMSE score from baseline to nine months showed that depressed patients not treated worsened in comparison with those not depressed and not treated with SSRIs (mean change −0.8 ± 2.3 vs 0.04 ± 2.9; p = 0.02) and patients depressed and treated with SSRI (mean change −0.8 ± 2.3 vs 0.1 ± 2.5; p = 0.03).Conclusions: In AD patients treated with AChEIs, SSRIs may exert some degree of protection against the negative effects of depression on cognition.


2010 ◽  
Vol 336 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge D. Brioni ◽  
Tim A. Esbenshade ◽  
Tiffany Runyan Garrison ◽  
Scott R. Bitner ◽  
Marlon D. Cowart

Author(s):  
Yin Dai ◽  
Daoyun Qiu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Sizhe Dong ◽  
Hong-Li Wang

Alzheimer’s disease is the third most expensive disease, only after cancer and cardiopathy. It is also the fourth leading cause of death in the elderly after cardiopathy, cancer, and cerebral palsy. The disease lacks specific diagnostic criteria. At present, there is still no definitive and effective means for preclinical diagnosis and treatment. It is the only disease that cannot be prevented and cured among the world’s top ten fatal diseases. It has now been proposed as a global issue. Computer-aided diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is mostly based on images at this stage. This project uses multi-modality imaging MRI/PET combining with clinical scales and uses deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis to treat AD, improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of diagnosis. The project uses Bayesian model and convolutional neural network to train experimental data. The experiment uses the improved existing network model, LeNet-5, to design and build a 10-layer convolutional neural network. The network uses a back-propagation algorithm based on a gradient descent strategy to achieve good diagnostic results. Through the calculation of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, the test results were evaluated, good test results were obtained.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mobed ◽  
Mohammad Hasanzadeh ◽  
Ali Ahmadalipour ◽  
Ali Fakhari

Neurotransmitters are the most important messengers of the nervous system, and any changes in their balances and activities can cause serious neurological, psychiatric and cognitive disorders such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Megan Polden ◽  
Thomas D. W. Wilcockson ◽  
Trevor J. Crawford

Various studies have shown that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with an impairment of inhibitory control, although we do not have a comprehensive understanding of the associated cognitive processes. The ability to engage and disengage attention is a crucial cognitive operation of inhibitory control and can be readily investigated using the “gap effect” in a saccadic eye movement paradigm. In previous work, various demographic factors were confounded; therefore, here, we examine separately the effects of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease, ethnicity/culture and age. This study included young (N = 44) and old (N = 96) European participants, AD (N = 32), mildly cognitively impaired participants (MCI: N = 47) and South Asian older adults (N = 94). A clear reduction in the mean reaction times was detected in all the participant groups in the gap condition compared to the overlap condition, confirming the effect. Importantly, this effect was also preserved in participants with MCI and AD. A strong effect of age was also evident, revealing a slowing in the disengagement of attention during the natural process of ageing.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Jáñez-Escalada ◽  
Lucía Jáñez-García ◽  
Elena Salobrar-García ◽  
Alejandro Santos-Mayo ◽  
Rosa de Hoz ◽  
...  

Abstract The retina is an attractive source of biomarkers since it shares many features with the brain. Thickness differences in 10 retinal layers between 19 patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and a control group of 24 volunteers were investigated. Retinal layers were automatically segmented and their thickness at each scanned point was measured, corrected for tilt and spatially normalized. When the mean thickness of entire layers was compared between patients and controls, only the outer segment layer of patients showed statistically significant thinning. However, when the layers were compared point-by point, patients showed statistically significant thinning in irregular regions of total retina and nerve fiber, ganglion cell, inner plexiform, inner nuclear and outer segment layers. Our method, based on random field theory, provides a precise delimitation of regions where total retina and each of its layers show a statistically significant thinning in AD patients. All layers, except inner nuclear and outer segments, showed thickened regions. New analytic methods have shown that thinned regions are interspersed with thickened ones in all layers, except inner nuclear and outer segments. Across different layers we found a statistically significant trend of the thinned regions to overlap and of the thickened ones to avoid overlapping.


2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Pedro Balieiro Jr. ◽  
Emmanuelle Silva Tavares Sobreira ◽  
Marina Ceres Silva Pena ◽  
José Humberto Silva-Filho ◽  
Francisco de Assis Carvalho do Vale

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between Caregiver Distress and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Dementias (BPSD) in mild Alzheimer's disease. Methods: Fifty patients and caregivers were interviewed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Results: 96.0% of the patients had at least one BPSD. The mean NPI total score was 19.6 (SD=18.05; range=0-78) whereas the mean Caregiver Distress Index (CDI) total score was 11.5 (SD=10.41; range=0-40). For the individual symptoms, the weighted mean CDI was 2.8 (SD=1.58). All symptom CDI means were higher than 2.0 except for euphoria/elation (m=1.8; SD=1.49). There were correlations between CDI and derived measures (Frequency, Severity, FxS, and Amplitude) for all symptoms, except Disinhibition and Night-time behavior. Correlations ranged between 0.443 and 0.894, with significance at p<0.05. Conclusions: All the derived measures, including amplitude, were useful in at least some cases. The data suggests that CDI cannot be inferred from symptom presence or profile. Symptoms should be systematically investigated.


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006052091727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaku Oshikubo ◽  
Akihisa Akahane ◽  
Aki Unno ◽  
Yukako Watanabe ◽  
Emi Ikebuchi ◽  
...  

Objective To investigate the utility of the voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer’s disease (VSRAD). Methods Clinical data from patients who underwent screening for dementia using VSRAD and the Japanese version of COGNISTAT, the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination, were retrospectively investigated to specify the domains of cognitive function that correlate with the statistical mean value of positive Z-scores in the target volume-of-interest (VOI). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to assess the mean value of positive Z-scores in discriminating patients with AD. Results A total of 72 patients were included (18 male and 54 female; 15 patients with AD). The mean value of positive Z-scores in the target VOI was significantly correlated with standardized COGNISTAT scores for Orientation and Memory in all patients (r = –0.35 and –0.38, respectively). ROC curve analysis revealed that a cut-off of 1.57 for mean value of positive Z-scores in the target VOI provided 69.4% accuracy in discriminating patients with AD, with a sensitivity of 0.80 and specificity of 0.67. Conclusions The results evinced the value of VSRAD in diagnosing AD. The degree of atrophy represented by the target VOI may reflect impairments in Orientation and Memory, which are early stage symptoms observed in AD.


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